|
Plovdiv Tobacco Workers' Strike
The Plovdiv tobacco workers' strike was a strike action by workers of the tobacco industry in Plovdid, Bulgaria, on May 3–4, 1953. Triggered by the harsh working conditions and job insecurity, it resulted in a revolt and was finally suppressed by the authorities with at least 3 deaths. Background Plovdiv had been traditionally a center for the tobacco industry since late 19th century.https://ebox.nbu.bg/anti/ne3/13%20Hristo%20Markov%20-%20Stachka%20v%20Plovdiv%20+.pdf In 1947, the Bulgarian tobacco industry was nationalized and the rights of workers to unionize were limited in favor of the official party-affiliated unions. However, on September of the same year another tobacco workers' strike took place in Plovdiv.https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP82-00457R001000530001-5.pdf At the beginning of April 1953, lists of workers who would stay employed and those who would be unemployed for the next year were published. As a result, the tobacco workers decided to organize ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plovdiv
Plovdiv (, ) is the List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, second-largest city in Bulgaria, 144 km (93 miles) southeast of the capital Sofia. It had a population of 490,983 and 675,000 in the greater metropolitan area. Plovdiv is a cultural hub in Bulgaria and was the European Capital of Culture in 1999 and 2019. The city is an important economic, transport, cultural, and educational centre. Plovdiv joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016. Archeological symbols of Plovdiv Plovdiv is in a fertile region of south-central Bulgaria on the two banks of the Maritsa River. The city has historically developed on seven syenite hills, some of which are high. Because of these hills, Plovdiv is often referred to in Bulgaria as "The City of the Seven Hills". There is evidence of habitation in the area dating back to the 6th millennium BCE, when the first Neolithic settlements were established. The city was subsequently a Thracians, Thracian settlement, later being conq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgaria
Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north. It covers a territory of and is the tenth largest within the European Union and the List of European countries by area, sixteenth-largest country in Europe by area. Sofia is the nation's capital and List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, largest city; other major cities include Burgas, Plovdiv, and Varna, Bulgaria, Varna. One of the earliest societies in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was the Karanovo culture (6,500 BC). In the 6th to 3rd century BC, the region was a battleground for ancient Thracians, Persians, Celts and Ancient Macedonians, Macedonians; stability came when the Roman Empire conquered the region in AD 45. After the Roman state splintered, trib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Police Service (Bulgaria)
The National Police Service (), also known as the General Directorate "National Police" ( Bulgarian: ''Главна дирекция "Национална полиция", ГДНП'') is an independent agency of the Ministry of the Interior responsible for general law enforcement in Bulgaria. History Directorate for Police and State Security (1925–1944) With the creation of the "Law for administration and police" in 1925 was established the "Police and State Security Directorate" . Its duties included enforcing laws and ensuring the safety of the country. It continued to function until 1944 with the creation of the People's Militia. Militia (1944–1989) The People's Militia () was established by the Council of Ministers with Decree No. 1 on 10 September 1944 (one day after the communist coup). The Directorate of the People's Militia was structured into two departments: State Security and People's Militia. On April 1, 1947, the Main Directorate of the People's Milit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valko Chervenkov
Valko Velyov ChervenkovBulgaria: Stalinism and de-Stalinization Encyclopædia Britannica Online () (6 September 1900 – 21 October 1980) was a n politician. He served as leader of the Communist Party between 1949 and 1954, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anton Yugov
Anton Tanev (Dontcho) Yugov () (5 August 1904 – 6 July 1991) was a Bulgarian politician who was a leading member of the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP), and served as Prime Minister of the country from 1956 to 1962. He was an Honorary Citizen of Tirana, Albania. Yugov was born to a Bulgarian family in Karasuli (Rugunovets), Ottoman Macedonia (today Polykastro, Greece). His family moved to Plovdiv after World War I. War years and Ministry Yugov was a prominent figure in the BCP during the Second World War and attempted to reach a settlement with Marshal Josip Broz Tito in Yugoslavia regarding co-operation between both countries' communists. This 1941 initiative was aborted however as Tito would not accept the sacrifice of Macedonia, something upon which Yugov insisted. The two would revisit the issue in 1945 when they discussed the possibility of a Bulgarian-Yugoslav confederation to solve the issue although the United States and United Kingdom raised such objections to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanko Todorov
Stanko Todorov Georgiev (; 10 December 1920 – 17 December 1996) was a Bulgarian communist politician. Todorov was born in Pernik Province. Before and during World War II he was a worker. He became interested in communism, first joining the Workers Youth League in 1936 then joining the underground Bulgarian Communist Party in 1943. By 1948, communists had come to power in Bulgaria, and Todorov began to rise through the ranks of the government. He became a member of the politburo in 1961 and held several government posts. He served as Prime Minister of Bulgaria, the third highest post in the country, from July 7, 1971, until June 16, 1981. At 9 years and 344 days, he is the longest-serving Bulgarian prime minister. He then became chairman of the parliament, serving in that position until the first multiparty elections in 1990. He supported the reformist wing of the Communist Party during this time, as pressure mounted on Bulgaria and other eastern European countries to reform. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgarian Communist Party
The Bulgarian Communist Party ( Bulgarian: Българска комунистическа партия (БΚП), Romanised: ''Bŭlgarska komunisticheska partiya''; BKP) was the founding and ruling party of the People's Republic of Bulgaria from 1946 until 1990, when the country ceased to be a socialist satellite state of the Soviet Union. The party had dominated the Fatherland Front, a coalition that took power in 1944, late in World War II, after it led a coup against Bulgaria's tsarist regime in conjunction with the Red Army's crossing of the border. It controlled its armed forces, the Bulgarian People's Army. The BCP was organized on the basis of democratic centralism, a principle introduced by the Russian Marxist scholar and leader Vladimir Lenin, which entails democratic and open discussion on policy on the condition of unity in upholding the agreed-upon policies. The highest body of the BCP was the Party Congress, convened every fifth year. When the Party Congress wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Party (Bulgaria)
The Democratic Party (, ''Demokraticheska partia'', DP) is a centre-right political party in Bulgaria led by Alexander Pramatarski. The party was a member of the European People's Party (EPP). History The Democratic Party was formed by a breakaway from the Liberal Party led by Petko Karavelov in 1896. In the 1899 elections the party won 10 seats. It went on to win 27 in 1901, with Karavelov briefly serving as Prime Minister after the elections in a coalition government with the People's Liberal Party (PLP). Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p391 However, the DP was reduced to seven seats in the 1902 elections. After remaining at seven seats following the 1903 elections and despite suffering a split in 1905 when the Young Democrats broke away to form the Radical Democratic Party, the party achieved a landslide in the 1908 elections, winning 166 of the 203 seats. Aleksandar Malinov became the party's second Prime Minister. Malinov was r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1953 In Bulgaria
The 1950s in the People's Republic of Bulgaria. Incumbents * General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party: ** Valko Chervenkov (1949–1954) ** Todor Zhivkov (1954–1989) * Chairman of the Presidium: ** Mincho Neychev (1947–1950) ** Georgi Damyanov (1950–1958) ** Georgi Kulishev (acting, 1958) ** Nikolay Georgiev (acting, 1958) ** Dimitar Ganev (1958–1964) * Prime Minister of Bulgaria: ** Vasil Kolarov (1949–1950) ** Valko Chervenkov (1950–1956) ** Anton Yugov (1956–1962) Events 1950 * October 14 – 22 – The 1950 Men's European Volleyball Championship, the second edition of the event, was hosted in Sofia. 1951 * 1 April – The Plovdiv derby, a derby in Bulgarian football between Botev Plovdiv and Lokomotiv Plovdiv, had its first match. 1952 * The Bulgarian Mint was established. * Bulgaria competed at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, Norway. * FC Minyor Radnevo, a Bulgarian football club from the town of Radnevo, was founded. 1953 * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Tobacco
Tobacco was long used by various indigenous groups that lived in the Americas. The Columbian exchange introduced tobacco to the Europeans, and it became an addictive, lucrative and heavily traded commodity. Following the Industrial Revolution, cigarettes became hugely popular worldwide. In the mid-20th century, medical research demonstrated severe negative health effects of tobacco smoking such as lung cancer, which led to governments adopting policies to force a sharp decline in tobacco use. Early history Pre-Columbian America The tobacco plant, first used by the native people of the Americas, later came into use in Europe and in the rest of the world. Archaeological finds indicate that humans in the Americas began using tobacco as far back as 12,300 years ago, thousands of years earlier than previously documented. Tobacco had already long been used in the Americas by the time European visitors arrived and took the practice across the Atlantic, where it became popular. Easter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Plovdiv
The city of Plovdiv is situated in southern Bulgaria. During its long history it has been conquered by numerous peoples: Thracians, Macedon, Romans, Byzantines, Bulgarians, Ottoman Turks which contributed to the city's various historical heritage. Antiquity Plovdiv is one of the oldest cities in Europe. Archaeologists have discovered pottery and other objects of everyday life from as early as the Neolithic Age, showing that in the end of the 7th millennium B.C there already was an established settlement there. According to Ammianus Marcellinus, Plovdiv's post-Bronze Age history places it as a Thracian fortified settlement named Eumolpias. In 342 BC, Plovdiv was conquered by Philip II of Macedon, the father of Alexander the Great, who renamed it "Φιλιππόπολις", ''Philippopolis'' or "the city of Philip" in his own honour. Later, it was reconquered by the Thracians who called it ''Pulpudeva'' (from Philipopolis). [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1953 Labor Disputes And Strikes
Events January * January 6 – The Asian Socialist Conference opens in Rangoon, Burma. * January 12 – Estonian émigrés found a Estonian government-in-exile, government-in-exile in Oslo. * January 14 ** Marshal Josip Broz Tito is chosen President of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia. ** The Central Intelligence Agency, CIA-sponsored Robertson Panel first meets to discuss the Unidentified flying object, UFO phenomenon. * January 15 ** Georg Dertinger, foreign minister of East Germany, is arrested for spying. ** British security forces in West Germany arrest 7 members of the Naumann Circle, a clandestine Neo-Nazi organization. * January 19 – 71.1% of all television sets in the United States are tuned into ''I Love Lucy'', to watch Lucy give birth to Little Ricky, which is more people than those who tune into Dwight Eisenhower's inauguration the next day. This record is never broken. * January 24 ** Mau Mau Uprising: Rebels in Kenya kill th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
