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Plethodontohyla Alluaudi
''Plethodontohyla alluaudi'' is a frog belonging to the Madagascar-endemic subfamily Cophylinae of the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to southeastern Madagascar. It is a terrestrial and fossorial frog that occurs in rainforest, including littoral forest. Despite being locally abundant, it is a difficult frog to find. Taxonomy The species was originally described under the name ''Dyscophus alluaudi'' by Mocquard in 1901, originally described from the locality ' Fort Dauphin'—probably meaning the general area around Tôlanaro rather than the city itself. It was transferred to the genus ''Plethodontohyla'' in 1926, where it remained until Guibé transferred it to ''Mantipus'' in 1974, but he returned it to ''Plethodontohyla'' in 1978. The taxon '' Plethodontohyla laevis'' from further north on the east coast of Madagascar was synonymised with the species ''P. alluaudi'' in 1991. Blommers-Schlösser assigned a specimen from Mandraka in eastern Madagascar to this species, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François Mocquard
François Mocquard (27 October 1834 – 19 March 1917) was a French herpetologist born in Leffond, Haute-Saône. In 1860 he was named ''préparateur du physique'' after receiving his Bachelor of Science degree at the Faculty of Besançon. Subsequently, he earned degrees in physical sciences (1862), mathematical sciences (1865) and medicine (1873). Despite being middle-aged, he made a career change, and began studying natural sciences in the laboratory of Alphonse Milne-Edwards (1835-1900) at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris. In 1884 he earned his doctorate of sciences with a thesis on the structure of the stomach in crustaceans, afterwards working as an assistant in the ichthyology and herpetology department at the museum. During his career he described numerous herpetological taxa, most notably species from Madagascar, Tonkin, Borneo, Mexico and Central America. In addition, he has several species named after him, including reptiles, '' Alluaudina mocquardi'', ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synonym (taxonomy)
The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linnaeus was the first to give a scientific name (under the currently used system of scientific nomenclature) to the Norway spruce, which he called ''Pinus abies''. This name is no longer in use, so it is now a synonym of the current scientific name, ''Picea abies''. * In zoology, moving a species from one genus to another results in a different binomen, but the name is considered an alternative combination rather than a synonym. The concept of synonymy in zoology is reserved for two names at the same rank that refers to a taxon at that rank - for example, the name ''Papilio prorsa'' Linnaeus, 1758 is a junior synonym of ''Papilio levana'' Linnaeus, 1758, being names for different seasonal forms of the species now referred to as ''Araschnia le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetics
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek language, Greek wikt:φυλή, φυλή/wikt:φῦλον, φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms. These relationships are determined by Computational phylogenetics, phylogenetic inference methods that focus on observed heritable traits, such as DNA sequences, Protein, protein Amino acid, amino acid sequences, or Morphology (biology), morphology. The result of such an analysis is a phylogenetic tree—a diagram containing a hypothesis of relationships that reflects the evolutionary history of a group of organisms. The tips of a phylogenetic tree can be living taxa or fossils, and represent the "end" or the present time in an evolutionary lineage. A phylogenetic diagram can be rooted or unrooted. A rooted tree diagram indicates the hypothetical common ancestor of the tree. An un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morphology (biology)
Morphology is a branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features. This includes aspects of the outward appearance (shape, structure, colour, pattern, size), i.e. external morphology (or eidonomy), as well as the form and structure of the internal parts like bones and organs, i.e. internal morphology (or anatomy). This is in contrast to physiology, which deals primarily with function. Morphology is a branch of life science dealing with the study of gross structure of an organism or taxon and its component parts. History The etymology of the word "morphology" is from the Ancient Greek (), meaning "form", and (), meaning "word, study, research". While the concept of form in biology, opposed to function, dates back to Aristotle (see Aristotle's biology), the field of morphology was developed by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1790) and independently by the German anatomist and physiologist Karl Friedrich Burdach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osteology
Osteology () is the scientific study of bones, practised by osteologists. A subdiscipline of anatomy, anthropology, and paleontology, osteology is the detailed study of the structure of bones, skeletal elements, teeth, microbone morphology, function, disease, pathology, the process of ossification (from cartilaginous molds), and the resistance and hardness of bones (biophysics). Osteologists frequently work in the public and private sector as consultants for museums, scientists for research laboratories, scientists for medical investigations and/or for companies producing osteological reproductions in an academic context. Osteology and osteologists should not be confused with the pseudoscientific practice of osteopathy and its practitioners, osteopaths. Methods A typical analysis will include: * an inventory of the skeletal elements present * a dental inventory * aging data, based upon epiphyseal fusion and dental eruption (for subadults) and deterioration of the pubic symp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhombophryne
''Rhombophryne'' is a genus of microhylid frogs endemic to Madagascar. It is currently estimated to include more than 23 species, but only 20 of these are currently described. The common name 'diamond frog' has been proposed and used for members of this genus. Taxonomy The genus ''Rhombophryne'' was monotypic until 2005, containing just '' R. testudo'' Boettger, 1880. However, in 2005 Andreone et al. showed that the genus '' Plethodontohyla'' was paraphyletic with respect to this genus. Several species were therefore transferred to this genus by Frost et al. in 2006, Glaw and Vences in 2007, and Wollenberg et al. in 2008. In 2015/2016, Peloso et al. re-analysed the genetic relationships of the Microhylidae using partial genomic data. They proposed the synonymy of '' Stumpffia'' with ''Rhombophryne'' because these genera were found to be paraphyletic. However, in 2016 Scherz et al. re-analysed their data with new data—including osteology and external morphology. They found ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhombophryne Testudo
''Rhombophryne testudo'' is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, plantations, and heavily degraded former forest. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby .... References testudo Endemic frogs of Madagascar Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Amphibians described in 1880 {{Microhylidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andasibe, Moramanga
Andasibe (also Andasibe Gara) is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Moramanga, which is a part of Alaotra-Mangoro Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 13493 in 2006. Geography The town lies along the RN 2 at 140 km from Antananarivo, 26 km from Moramanga and 200 km from Toamasina. It is a railway station on the Antananarivo – East Coast line. Economy The nearby national parks offer many job creations in the town. It is also a site of industrial-scale mining. Sixty-percent of the commune's population is farmers. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are corn, bananas and manioc. Industry and services provide both employment for 20% of the population. Primary and junior-level secondary education are available in town. Religion * FJKM - Fiangonan'i Jesoa Kristy eto Madagasikara (Church of Jesus Christ in Madagascar) * Roman catholic church Rivers The town is crossed by th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rose Marie Antoinette Blommers-Schlösser
Rose Marie Antoinette Blommers-Schlösser (Eindhoven, 1944) is a Dutch herpetologist and entomologist. Life and research Blommers-Schlösser conducted her PhD at the University of Amsterdam on the systematics of the frogs of Madagascar. Together with numerous other herpetologists, especially Charles P. Blanc, she described numerous species of frogs from Madagascar, including '' Mantidactylus spiniferus'', '' Boophis reticulatus'', '' Spinomantis guibei'', and '' Guibemantis punctatus'',. and contributed extensively to the knowledge of these and other species. She contributed particularly significantly to understanding of the reproductive behaviour of numerous microhylids from Madagascar, and supraspecific taxonomy of the Mantellidae. She also contributed to the literature on the karyotypes of phytoseiid The Phytoseiidae are a family of mites which feed on thrips and other mite species. They are often used as a biological control agent for managing mite pests. Because of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plethodontohyla Laevis
''Plethodontohyla'' is a genus of microhylid frogs endemic to Madagascar. Species There are at present 11 species: * ''Plethodontohyla alluaudi'' (Mocquard, 1901) * '' Plethodontohyla bipunctata'' (Guibé, 1974) * '' Plethodontohyla brevipes'' Boulenger, 1882 * ''Plethodontohyla fonetana'' Glaw, Köhler, Bora, Rabibisoa, Ramilijaona, and Vences, 2007 * ''Plethodontohyla guentheri'' Glaw and Vences, 2007 * ''Plethodontohyla inguinalis'' Boulenger, 1882 * '' Plethodontohyla laevis'' (Boettger, 1913) * ''Plethodontohyla mihanika'' Vences, Raxworthy, Nussbaum, and Glaw, 2003 * '' Plethodontohyla notosticta'' (Günther, 1877) * ''Plethodontohyla ocellata'' Noble and Parker, 1926 * '' Plethodontohyla tuberata'' (Peters, 1883) Taxonomy The following species were formerly classed as ''Plethodontoyhla'' species but have since been moved to the genus ''Rhombophryne'': * ''Rhombophryne coronata'' (Vences & Glaw, 2003) * ''Rhombophryne guentherpetersi'' (Guibé, 1974) * '' Rhombophryne laev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cophylinae
Cophylinae is a subfamily of Microhylidae, microhylid frogs endemic to Madagascar. It has over 100 species in eight genera. Members of this subfamily range from minute ( 100 mm adult body size), and they are highly ecologically diverse. DNA barcoding, DNA barcode research has revealed a significant taxonomic gap in this subfamily, and an estimated 70+ candidate species were identified. Many of these have subsequently been described, as well as numerous new discoveries (e.g. 26 species of ''Stumpffia'' described in 2017). Genera As of December 2019, the following genera are recognised in the subfamily Cophylinae: * ''Anilany'' Scherz, Miguel Vences, Vences, Andolalao Rakotoarison, Rakotoarison, Andreone, Köhler, Frank Glaw, Glaw & Crottini, 2016 (Monotypic taxon, monotypic) * ''Anodonthyla'' Müller, 1892 (12 species) * ''Cophyla'' Oskar Boettger, Boettger, 1880 (21 species) * ''Madecassophryne'' Guibé, 1974 (Monotypic taxon, monotypic) * ''Mini (frog), Mini'' Scherz, Hutte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plethodontohyla
''Plethodontohyla'' is a genus of microhylid frogs endemic to Madagascar. Species There are at present 11 species: * '' Plethodontohyla alluaudi'' (Mocquard, 1901) * '' Plethodontohyla bipunctata'' (Guibé, 1974) * '' Plethodontohyla brevipes'' Boulenger, 1882 * ''Plethodontohyla fonetana'' Glaw, Köhler, Bora, Rabibisoa, Ramilijaona, and Vences, 2007 * ''Plethodontohyla guentheri'' Glaw and Vences, 2007 * ''Plethodontohyla inguinalis'' Boulenger, 1882 * '' Plethodontohyla laevis'' (Boettger, 1913) * ''Plethodontohyla mihanika'' Vences, Raxworthy, Nussbaum, and Glaw, 2003 * '' Plethodontohyla notosticta'' (Günther, 1877) * ''Plethodontohyla ocellata'' Noble and Parker, 1926 * '' Plethodontohyla tuberata'' (Peters, 1883) Taxonomy The following species were formerly classed as ''Plethodontoyhla'' species but have since been moved to the genus ''Rhombophryne'': * ''Rhombophryne coronata'' (Vences & Glaw, 2003) * '' Rhombophryne guentherpetersi'' (Guibé, 1974) * '' Rhombophryne l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
