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Pitești–Târgoviște Retreat
The Pitești–Târgoviște Retreat was a fighting-withdrawal operation carried out by the Romanian 1st Army in the face of advancing Central Powers' (German and Austro-Hungarian) forces during World War I. The retreat lasted from 29 November to 3 December and culminated in a violent battle at Târgoviște, after which the entire Romanian Army started a general retreat towards Moldavia. This operation was part of the wider Battle of Bucharest, which started on 28 November 1916. Background By 26 November 1916, the situation for Allied Romania was dire. The Olt and the Danube rivers had been crossed and the Romanian defenses along the Jiu Valley (17 November) and the Olt Valley (25 November) had faltered. The first Romanian response to the debacle was a change of command. A mixed group of southern armies was created, and placed under the command of General Constantin Prezan and his talented operations officer, Captain Ion Antonescu. The two Romanian officers arrived at the 1st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Romanian Debacle
The Romanian Debacle consisted in a series of battles between November and December 1916 which led to the Central Powers conquest of Bucharest, the capital of Romania. Russian forces joined the Romanians at the start of December. Background Romania joined the war on 27 August 1916, launching an invasion of Transylvania. When this failed due to a German-led Central Powers counterattack, the Romanians subsequently succeeded in defeating the attempts made by the Central Powers to pressure every mountain pass and exploit a success wherever it was achieved. Changing his strategy, German General Erich von Falkenhayn selected a single mountain pass — along the Jiu Valley — for a breakthrough. He chose that particular place on logistical grounds, as the valleys elsewhere were too narrow for the Germans to make best use of their superiority in firepower. Central Powers offensive Second Battle of the Jiu Valley (11–17 November) Besides their advantage in firepower, the Germans h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pitești
Pitești () is a city in Romania, located on the river Argeș (river), Argeș. The capital and largest city of Argeș County, it is an important commercial and industrial center, as well as the home of two universities. Pitești is situated in the historical region of Muntenia. It lies on the A1 freeway (Romania), A1 freeway connecting the city directly to the national capital Bucharest, being an important railway junction, with a classification yard in nearby Bălilești. The city houses the Arpechim Refinery, Arpechim oil refinery, and is a marketing center for the Automotive industry in Romania, automotive industry, in particular, Automobile Dacia. Inhabited since Prehistory of the Balkans, prehistoric times but first mentioned in the 14th century, it developed as a trading town in northern Wallachia, serving as an informal residence for various Rulers of Wallachia, Wallachian Princes until the 18th century. From the 19th century and until the interwar period, it was an importa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leaota Mountains
The Leaota Mountains are located in central Romania, north of the city of Târgoviște. They are part of the Southern Carpathians group of the Carpathian Mountains, and have as neighbours the Bucegi Mountains to the east and Piatra Craiului to the west. The mountains cover an area of within Dâmbovița, Argeș, and Brașov Brașov (, , ; , also ''Brasau''; ; ; Transylvanian Saxon dialect, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Kruhnen'') is a city in Transylvania, Romania and the county seat (i.e. administrative centre) of Brașov County. According to the 2021 Romanian census, ... counties. The high pyramidal rises in a superb land of dense fir forests, wild animals, few wanderer shepherds, and almost no tourists. Leaota tourist shelter The shelter was built in the 1940s at an altitude of above sea level. It is currently abandoned, being used sporadically by passing tourists. In 1962 the chalet had running water, electricity generator, permanent buffet and ski slopes arranged nearby. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
89th Infantry Division (German Empire)
The 89th Infantry Division (''89. Infanterie-Division'') was a formation of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed in November 1914 as the provisional Westernhagen Division (''Division Westernhagen''), named after its commander. The nucleus of the unit was troops collected at Posen. It became the 89th Infantry Division in August 1915. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. Combat chronicle The Westernhagen Division initially served on the Eastern Front. It fought in the Battle of Łódź in November/December 1914. From December 1914 to July 1915, it was in the line in the fighting on the Rawka and Bzura Rivers. In July and August 1915, it fought around Warsaw and then participated in the siege of Modlin Fortress. It was redesignated the 89th Infantry Division in August and then fought in the Battles of Neman and Vilnius. After the line stabilized, the division was in positional warfare ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
I Reserve Corps (German Empire)
The I Reserve Corps () was a corps level command of the German Army in World War I. Formation I Reserve Corps was formed on the outbreak of the war in August 1914 as part of the mobilisation of the Army. It was initially commanded by Generalleutnant Otto von Below. It was still in existence at the end of the war in the 3rd Army, ''Heeresgruppe Deutscher Kronprinz'' on the Western Front. Structure on formation On formation in August 1914, I Reserve Corps consisted of two divisions, made up of reserve units. In general, Reserve Corps and Reserve Divisions were weaker than their active counterparts :Reserve Infantry Regiments did not always have three battalions nor necessarily contain a machine gun company :Reserve Jäger Battalions did not have a machine gun company on formation :Reserve Cavalry Regiments consisted of just three squadrons :Reserve Field Artillery Regiments usually consisted of two ''abteilungen'' of three batteries each :Corps Troops generally consisted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alpenkorps (German Empire)
The Alpenkorps was a provisional mountain formation of Division (military), division size formed by the German Army (German Empire), Imperial German Army during World War I. It was considered by the Allies to be one of the best in the German Army. Formation After experiencing considerable difficulties in fighting the French ''Chasseurs Alpins'' in the Vosges Mountains during the Battle of the Frontiers, the German Army determined to create its own specialized Mountain warfare, mountain units. The Royal Bavarian 1st and 2nd Snowshoe Battalions (''Kgl. Bayerisches Schneeschuhbataillon I & II'') were formed in Munich, Bavaria on 21 November 1914. A third battalion was formed in April 1915 from the 4th, 5th and 6th companies of the second battalion. In May 1915, the three battalions were brought together with a fourth (formed from troops of the other battalions and Bavarian ''Landwehr'' troops) to form the 3rd Jäger (military), Jäger Regiment (''Jäger Regiment Nr. 3''). In October 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Câmpulung
Câmpulung (also spelled ''Cîmpulung'', , , Old Romanian ''Dlăgopole'', ''Длъгополе'' (from Middle Bulgarian), or ''Câmpulung Muscel'') is a municipiu, city in Argeș County, Muntenia, Romania. It is attested on the Fra Mauro map from 1450 as Campo longo. It is situated among the outlying hills of the Southern Carpathians, at the head of a long well-wooded glen traversed by the river Râul Târgului, Târgului, a tributary of the river Argeș (river), Argeș. History Near Câmpulung are the remains of Jidava (castra), Jidava (or Jidova) Roman fort built around 190–211 AD on the frontier of the empire, the Limes Transalutanus; and just next to it, vestiges of a Roman colony, variously identified with Romula, Stepenium and Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa, Ulpia Traiana. Now called ''Grădiștea'' (meaning ''place of a fortress'' in Romanian) or ''Jidovi''. Campulung was also important because it was only 37 km away from the Bran Pass an important trade and mil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Military Mission To Romania (1916-1918)
French may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France ** French people, a nation and ethnic group ** French cuisine, cooking traditions and practices Arts and media * The French (band), a British rock band * "French" (episode), a live-action episode of ''The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!'' * ''Française'' (film), a 2008 film * French Stewart (born 1964), American actor Other uses * French (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) * French (tunic), a type of military jacket or tunic * French's, an American brand of mustard condiment * French (catheter scale), a unit of measurement * French Defence, a chess opening * French kiss, a type of kiss See also * France (other) * Franch, a surname * French Revolution (other) * French River (other), several rivers and other places * Frenching (other) * Justice French (other) Justice French may refer to: * C. G. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri Berthelot
Henri Mathias Berthelot (7 December 1861 – 29 January 1931) was a French general during World War I. He held an important staff position under Joseph Joffre, the French commander-in-chief, at the First Battle of the Marne, before later commanding a corps in the front line. In 1917 he helped to rebuild the Romanian Army following its disastrous defeat the previous autumn, then in summer 1918 he commanded French Fifth Army at the Second Battle of the Marne, with some British and Italian troops under his command. In the final days of the war he again returned to Romania, helping fight the Hungarians during the Hungarian–Romanian War and then briefly commanded French intervention forces in southern Russia in the Russian Civil War, fighting the Bolsheviks in Bessarabia (1918). Appointed a member of the ''Conseil supérieur de la guerre'', he was among the supporters of the decision to build the Maginot Line. Biography Early life In 1883, after graduating from the Saint-Cyr mil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Curtea De Argeș
Curtea de Argeș () is a municipiu, city in Romania on the left bank of the river Argeș (river), Argeș, where it flows through a valley of the Southern Carpathians (the Făgăraș Mountains), on the railway from Pitești to the Turnu Roșu Pass. It is part of Argeș County. The city also administers one village, Noapteș. On 7 July 1947 the total rainfall in Curtea de Argeș was in 20 minutes, which is a world record. Etymology and names The present name, literally ''The Court upon (river) Argeș'', refers to the former status of the town as the capital of Wallachia. Some historians identify the Argeș (river), Argeș River with ancient "Ordessos", however the name is unlikely to be derived from this name. The oldest Slavonic documents use an "Arghiș" form, which might suggest a Cuman language, Cuman or Pecheneg language, Pecheneg etymology, from the root ''arghiš'' ("higher ground", "heights"). The original name was Argeș, which was then used for the name of the river ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraschiv Vasilescu
Paraschiv Vasilescu (March 14, 1864 – 1925) was one of the generals of the Romanian Land Forces in the First World War. Between March 3, 1904 and April 1, 1905, Major Vasilescu was the commander of the Border Guard Corps. He served as a division commander in the 1916, 1917, and 1918 campaigns. Ioanițiu, Alexandru (Lt.-Colonel), ''Războiul României: 1916–1918'', vol 1, Tipografia Geniului, București, 1929 Biography After graduating in 1885 from the military school of officers with the rank of second lieutenant, Vasilescu held various positions in the infantry units or in the upper echelons of the army, the most important being those of commander of the 3rd Infantry Regiment and of the 4th Territorial Corps.Ministry of War, '' Yearbook of the Romanian Army for 1914, '' F. Gobl and Sons Printing House, Bucharest, 1914Ministry of War, '' Yearbook of the Romanian Army for 1915, '' George Ionescu Printing and Graphic Arts Establishment, Bucharest, 1915 During World War I, he ser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourth Army (Romania)
The Fourth Army (Armata a 4-a Română) was a field army (a military formation) of the Romanian Land Forces active from the 19th century to the 1990s. Its successor is the 4th Infantry Division (Romania), 4th Infantry Division. History World War I The Fourth Army fought under the name of "Northern Army" or "Army of the North" (''Armata de Nord'') in the Romania in World War I, Romanian Campaign of World War I, under the command of General Constantin Prezan. Units under its command took part in the First Battle of Oituz, Battle of the Eastern Carpathians, Battle of Prunaru, and the Battle of Bucharest. As Russian forces took over its front, the Northern Army was disbanded in December 1916 and its units were redeployed to other fronts, under command of the First Army (Romania), 1st and Second Army (Romania), 2nd Romanian Armies. The commanders of the Northern Army were: * Divisional General Constantin Prezan: 15 August 1916 – 9 November 1916 * Divisional General Constantin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
