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Pipid
The Pipidae are a family of primitive, tongueless frogs. The 41 species in the family Pipidae are found in tropical South America (genus ''Pipa'') and sub-Saharan Africa (the three other genera). Description Pipid frogs are highly aquatic and have numerous morphological modifications befitting their habitat. For example, the feet are completely webbed, the body is flattened, and a lateral line system is present in adults. In addition, pipids possess highly modified ears for producing and receiving sound under water. They lack a tongue or vocal cords, instead having bony rods in the larynx that help produce sound. They range from in body length. Taxonomy Family Pipidae * '' Hymenochirus'' - dwarf clawed frogs (4 species) * ''Pipa'' - Surinam toads (7 species) * ''Pseudhymenochirus'' - Merlin's dwarf gray frog or Merlin's clawed frog (1 species) * ''Xenopus'' - clawed frogs (29 species)Evans et al., 2015 ** Subgenus ''(Silurana)'' - common clawed frogs ** Subgenus ''(Xen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudhymenochirus
Merlin's dwarf gray frog (''Pseudhymenochirus merlini''), or Merlin's clawed frog, is a species of frog in the family Pipidae. It is monotypic within the genus ''Pseudhymenochirus''. It is found in southern Guinea-Bissau, western Guinea, and southern Sierra Leone. Taxonomy and evolution Genus ''Pseudhymenochirus'' has also been placed as a subgenus in ''Hymenochirus'' ( African dwarf frogs), although it is geographically widely separated from that genus. At any rate, these two genera are probably sister group In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and t ...s. In most species in the family Pipidae, sound production occurs without externally visible movements of the flanks or throat and is based on a different mechanism than in anurans in general. This is interpreted as an adaptat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frog
A frog is any member of a diverse and largely Carnivore, carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order (biology), order Anura (ανοὐρά, literally ''without tail'' in Ancient Greek). The oldest fossil "proto-frog" ''Triadobatrachus'' is known from the Early Triassic of Madagascar, but molecular clock, molecular clock dating suggests their split from other amphibians may extend further back to the Permian, 265 Myr, million years ago. Frogs are widely distributed, ranging from the tropics to subarctic regions, but the greatest concentration of species diversity is in tropical rainforest. Frogs account for around 88% of extant amphibian species. They are also one of the five most diverse vertebrate orders. Warty frog species tend to be called toads, but the distinction between frogs and toads is informal, not from Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy or evolutionary history. An adult frog has a stout body, protruding eyes, anteriorly-attached tongue, limb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pipa (frog)
Suriname toads are members of the frog genus ''Pipa'', within the family Pipidae. They are native to northern South America and extreme southern Central America (Panama). Like other pipids, these frogs are almost exclusively aquatic. 8 =Species= There are seven recognized species: * ''Pipa arrabali'' Izecksohn, 1976 – Arrabal's Surinam toad * ''Pipa aspera'' Müller, 1924 – Albina Surinam toad * ''Pipa carvalhoi'' (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937) – Carvalho's Surinam toad * ''Pipa myersi'' Trueb, 1984 – Myers' Surinam toad * ''Pipa parva'' Ruthven and Gaige, 1923 – Sabana Surinam toad * ''Pipa pipa'' (Carl Linnaeus, Linnaeus, 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 1758) – Surinam toad * ''Pipa snethlageae'' Müller, 1914 – Utinga Surinam toad In addition, ''Pipa verrucosa'' Wiegmann, 1832 is included here ''incertae sedis''. =Ecology and Behavior= Life Cycle During reproduction the female Pipa frog will rise to the surface of the water with the male and after a series of movement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pachycentrata
''Pachycentrata'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric amphibian. ''Pachycentrata'' fossils have been found in the In Beceten Formation located in Tahoua, Niger. The fossils have been dated to the late/upper Coniacian to Santonian periods. These amphibians are anurans, of the family Pipidae. They are distinguished by a few soft anatomical characters, namely their larvae, and many skeletal features that involve the structure of the skull and the vertebral column. Their typical size ranges from 0.8 to 1.2 in (20 to 30 mm) long up to 4.1–6.7 in (104–170 mm) long. Pachybatrachus is the oldest fossil of this family. See also * Prehistoric amphibian * List of prehistoric amphibians This list of prehistoric amphibians is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be amphibians, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted g ... References Late Cretaceous amphibi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pipimorpha
Pipimorpha is an unranked clade containing all frogs which are more closely related to living Pipidae species than to living ''Rhinophrynus'' species. Members of this group are highly adapted to aquatic life. The oldest pipimorphs are '' Neusibatrachus'' and '' Gracilibatrachus'' from the Early Cretaceous of Spain, with other records of the group known from Afro-Arabia and South America like modern Pipidae. The extinct family Palaeobatrachidae, particularly the genus ''Palaeobatrachus'' were widespread and abundant in Europe during the Cenozoic, until their extinction during the Middle Pleistocene around 500,000 years ago due to being unable to cope with the increasing aridity and freezing temperatures of the ice ages. Taxonomy Genera are monotypic unless otherwise noted Taxonomy after A. M. Aranciaga Rolando et al. 2019 * †'' Neusibatrachus'' Seiffert 1972 La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation, Spain, Early Cretaceous (Barremian) * †'' Gracilibatrachus'' Baez 2013 Las Hoyas, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silurana
''Silurana'' is a subgenus of frogs in the family Pipidae. They are closely related the clawed frog subgenus, ''Xenopus ''Xenopus'' () (Gk., ξενος, ''xenos''=strange, πους, ''pous''=foot, commonly known as the clawed frog) is a genus of highly aquatic frogs native to sub-Saharan Africa. Twenty species are currently described within it. The two best-known ...''. Species * Cameroon clawed frog (''S. epitropicalis'') * Tropical clawed frog (''S. tropicalis'') External links Pipidae Amphibian genera Taxa named by John Edward Gray Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Pipidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Singidella
''Singidella'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric frog from the Eocene of Tanzania. It is a member of the family Pipidae, and is closely related to African dwarf frogs (''Hymenochirus'') and Merlin's dwarf gray frog (''Pseudohymenochirus''). References See also * Prehistoric amphibian * List of prehistoric amphibians This list of prehistoric amphibians is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be amphibians, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted g ... Prehistoric frogs Paleogene amphibians of Africa Eocene amphibians Pipidae {{paleo-anura-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Llankibatrachus
''Llankibatrachus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric frogs in the family Pipidae. They are known from the Ypresian (Casamayoran) Huitrera Formation of Argentina. Description The type species and the only known species, ''Llankibatrachus truebae'', is named after Linda Trueb, a herpetologist from the University of Kansas. The species is known from two deposits near the Nahuel Huapi Lake in north-western Patagonia, Argentina. The finds include nearly complete specimens with impressions of skin, and individuals of different developmental stages, including tadpoles. See also * Prehistoric amphibian * List of prehistoric amphibians This list of prehistoric amphibians is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be amphibians, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted g ... References † Paleogene amphibians Eocene animals of South America Casamayoran Ypresi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shelania
''Shelania'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric frogs that lived in South America during the Eocene. Its type species is ''Shelania pascuali''. Fossils of ''Shelania'' have been found in the Mustersan Vaca Mahuida and Laguna del Hunco Formations of Argentina. See also * List of prehistoric amphibians This list of prehistoric amphibians is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be amphibians, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted g ... References † Eocene amphibians Paleogene amphibians of South America Eocene animals of South America Mustersan Bartonian life Lutetian life Paleogene Argentina Fossils of Argentina Cañadón Asfalto Basin Fossil taxa described in 1960 Taxa named by Rodolfo Casamiquela {{pipidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tongue
The tongue is a muscular organ (anatomy), organ in the mouth of a typical tetrapod. It manipulates food for mastication and swallowing as part of the digestive system, digestive process, and is the primary organ of taste. The tongue's upper surface (dorsum) is covered by taste buds housed in numerous lingual papillae. It is sensitive and kept moist by saliva and is richly supplied with nerves and blood vessels. The tongue also serves as a natural means of oral hygiene, cleaning the teeth. A major function of the tongue is the enabling of speech in humans and animal communication, vocalization in other animals. The human tongue is divided into two parts, an oral cavity, oral part at the front and a pharynx, pharyngeal part at the back. The left and right sides are also separated along most of its length by a vertical section of connective tissue, fibrous tissue (the lingual septum) that results in a groove, the median sulcus, on the tongue's surface. There are two groups of muscle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xenopus
''Xenopus'' () (Gk., ξενος, ''xenos''=strange, πους, ''pous''=foot, commonly known as the clawed frog) is a genus of highly aquatic frogs native to sub-Saharan Africa. Twenty species are currently described within it. The two best-known species of this genus are ''Xenopus laevis'' and ''Xenopus tropicalis'', which are commonly studied as model organisms for developmental biology, cell biology, toxicology, neuroscience and for modelling human disease and birth defects. The genus is also known for its polyploidy, with some species having up to 12 sets of chromosomes. Characteristics ''Xenopus laevis'' is a rather inactive creature. It is incredibly hardy and can live up to 15 years. At times the ponds that ''Xenopus laevis'' is found in dry up, compelling it, in the dry season, to burrow into the mud, leaving a tunnel for air. It may lie dormant for up to a year. If the pond dries up in the rainy season, ''Xenopus laevis'' may migrate long distances to another pond, main ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eocene
The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', "dawn") and (''kainós'', "new") and refers to the "dawn" of modern ('new') fauna that appeared during the epoch. The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Paleocene Epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene Epoch. The start of the Eocene is marked by a brief period in which the concentration of the carbon isotope Carbon-13, 13C in the atmosphere was exceptionally low in comparison with the more common isotope Carbon-12, 12C. The end is set at a major extinction event called the ''Grande Coupure'' (the "Great Break" in continuity) or the Eocene–Oligocene extinction event, which may be related to the impact of one or more large bolides in Popigai impact structure, Siberia and in what is now ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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