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Pingdingshan Massacre
The Pingdingshan village massacre was a massacre committed by the Imperial Japanese Army on September 16, 1932. On September 15, Anti-Japanese Red Spear militia, not from the area but passing through Pingdingshan, fired on Japanese soldiers and later attacked the Japanese garrison in the nearby industrial city of Fushun. The next day in retaliation Japanese soldiers and police in tracking the rebels as they fled back through the villages, assumed all who were in the vicinity either to be members of the militia or their confederates and punished them, by burning homes and summarily executing, bayoneting and machine-gunning village residents. Chinese sources place the number of victims at 3,217. Japanese sources place the number of victims at 800.田辺敏雄 『追跡平頂山事件』 図書出版社 1988年12月 The village was burned down and destroyed. In 1972, remains of about 800 dead compatriots were found in a mass grave 80 by 5 metres in size. A memorial hall was construct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Japanese Army
The was the official ground-based armed force of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945. It was controlled by the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office and the Ministry of the Army, both of which were nominally subordinate to the Emperor of Japan as supreme commander of the army and the Imperial Japanese Navy. Later an Inspectorate General of Aviation became the third agency with oversight of the army. During wartime or national emergencies, the nominal command functions of the emperor would be centralized in an Imperial General Headquarters (IGHQ), an ad hoc body consisting of the chief and vice chief of the Army General Staff, the Minister of the Army, the chief and vice chief of the Naval General Staff, the Inspector General of Aviation, and the Inspector General of Military Training. History Origins (1868–1871) In the mid-19th century, Japan had no unified national army and the country was made up of feudal domains (''han'') with the Tokugawa shogunate (''bakufu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Spear Society
The Red Spear Society began as a rural self-defense movement in Henan, Hebei and Shandong in northern China during the Warlord Era in the 1920s. These were local groups of small-holders and tenant farmers organized to defend villages against roaming bandits, warlords, tax collectors or later Chinese communists or Japanese. For most of the Republic of China period in China the Red Spear Society posed a challenge to government control in North China. They were similar in nature to the Big Swords Society. Because of a large immigration to Northeast China to escape the chaos in North China they were also active in Manchuria forming part of the Anti-Japanese volunteer armies resisting the Japanese establishment of Manchukuo in 1932. In Manchuria members of the brotherhood were described as "primitive-minded people" who placed their faith in rustic magics and belief in the righteous character's Heavenly reward. Red Spear bodies formed in the countryside round Harbin were in man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pingdingshan (village)
Pingdingshan was a village in Dongzhou District, Fushun City, Liaoning Province, China. Most of the population was killed during the Pingdingshan massacre. See also * Pingdingshan massacre The Pingdingshan village massacre was a massacre committed by the Imperial Japanese Army on September 16, 1932. On September 15, Anti-Japanese Red Spear militia, not from the area but passing through Pingdingshan, fired on Japanese soldiers and la ... References Former villages in China Fushun {{Liaoning-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fushun
Fushun (, formerly romanised as ''Fouchouen'', using French spelling, also as Fuxi ()) is a prefecture level city in Liaoning province, China, about east of Shenyang, with a total area of , of which is the city proper. Situated on the Hun River ("muddy river"), it is one of the industrial and economic development hubs in Liaoning. History The Ming dynasty first constructed Fushun walled city in 1384 after the division of the Yuan dynasty. "Fushun" is an abbreviation of the Chinese saying "", which literally means "to pacify the frontiers; to guide the Yi foreigners". The Jurchen (Manchu) leader Nurhaci married his granddaughter by his son Abatai to the Ming dynasty General Li Yongfang after Li surrendered Fushun in 1618 and defected to the Qing. One of Li Yongfang's descendants was sentenced to death by the Qianlong emperor, but his life was spared when he helped suppress the Lin Shuangwen rebellion. Fushun was in ruins in the one-and-a-half centuries of early Qing dynas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County
Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County (, Manchu: ; Mölendroff: sinbin manju beye dasangga siyan), or simply Xinbin County (Postal romanization, postal: Sinpin; ), is one of the three counties under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Fushun, in the east of Liaoning, Liaoning Province, China, bordering Jilin, Jilin Province to the east. With a population of about 310,000, it covers an area of . The county is home to Hetu Ala, the first capital of the Later Jin (1616–1636), Later Jin and the Yongling (Qing dynasty), Yong Mausoleum (:zh:清永陵, 清永陵) of the Later Jin and the Qing dynasty. Administrative divisions There are nine Town (China), towns, one ethnic town and 10 Townships of the People's Republic of China, townships in the county. Climate References External links Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County County-level divisions of Liaoning Manchu autonomous counties {{Liaoning-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Republic Of China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land, the most of any country in the world, tied with Russia. Covering an area of approximately , it is the world's third largest country by total land area. The country consists of 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities, and two Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong and Macau). The national capital is Beijing, and the most populous city and financial center is Shanghai. Modern Chinese trace their origins to a cradle of civilization in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. The semi-legendary Xia dynasty in the 21st century BCE and the well-attested Shang and Zhou dynasties developed a bureaucratic political system to serve hereditary monarchies, or dyna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conflicts In 1932
Conflict may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''Conflict'' (1921 film), an American silent film directed by Stuart Paton * ''Conflict'' (1936 film), an American boxing film starring John Wayne * ''Conflict'' (1937 film), a Swedish drama film directed by Per-Axel Branner * ''Conflict'' (1938 film), a French drama film directed by Léonide Moguy * ''Conflict'' (1945 film), an American suspense film starring Humphrey Bogart * ''Catholics: A Fable'' (1973 film), or ''The Conflict'', a film starring Martin Sheen * ''Judith'' (1966 film) or ''Conflict'', a film starring Sophia Loren * ''Samar'' (1999 film) or ''Conflict'', a 1999 Indian film by Shyam Benegal Games * ''Conflict'' (series), a 2002–2008 series of war games for the PS2, Xbox, and PC * ''Conflict'' (video game), a 1989 Nintendo Entertainment System war game * '' Conflict: Middle East Political Simulator'', a 1990 strategy computer game Literature and periodicals * ''Conflict'' (novel) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massacres In 1932
A massacre is the killing of a large number of people or animals, especially those who are not involved in any fighting or have no way of defending themselves. A massacre is generally considered to be morally unacceptable, especially when perpetrated by a group of political actors against defenseless victims. The word is a loan of a French term for "butchery" or "carnage". A "massacre" is not necessarily a "crime against humanity". Other terms with overlapping scope include war crime, pogrom, mass killing, mass murder, and extrajudicial killing. Etymology The modern definition of ''massacre'' as "indiscriminate slaughter, carnage", and the subsequent verb of this form, derive from late 16th century Middle French, evolved from Middle French ''"macacre, macecle"'' meaning "slaughterhouse, butchery". Further origins are dubious, though may be related to Latin ''macellum'' "provisions store, butcher shop". The Middle French word ''macecr'' "butchery, carnage" is first record ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massacres In China
The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in China. The massacres are grouped for different time periods. Imperial China (before 1912) Republic of China (since 1912) 1912–1937 1937–1945 (Sino-Japanese War) 1945–1949 (Civil War) 1949–present People's Republic of China (since 1949) 1949–1966 1966–1976 (Cultural Revolution) Cultural Revolution was launched by Mao Zedong in May 1966, with the help of the Cultural Revolution Group. The estimated total death toll ranges from hundreds of thousands to 20 million, while massacres took place across the country. Some of the massacres occurred during the Violent Struggles (200,000-500,000 deaths), struggle sessions or political purges such as Cleansing the Class Ranks (0.5-1.5 million deaths). In total, some Chinese researchers have estimated that at least 300,000 people were killed in Cultural Revolution massacres. Massacres in Guangxi Province and Guangdong Province were among the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1932 In Japan
Events in the year 1932 in Japan. Incumbents *Emperor: Hirohito *Prime Minister: **Inukai Tsuyoshi: until May 15 **Takahashi Korekiyo: (Acting) May 15 – May 26 **Saitō Makoto: from May 26 *Foreign Minister: **Saitō Makoto: until July **Uchida Kosai *Finance Minister: Takahashi Korekiyo Governors *Aichi Prefecture: Yujiro Osaki (until 28 June); Endo Ryusaku (starting 28 June) *Akita Prefecture: Takeshi Uchida (until 28 June); Takabe Rokuzo (starting 28 June) *Aomori Prefecture: Teizaburo Miyamoto (until 28 June); Taku Yasunobu (starting 28 June) *Ehime Prefecture: Kume Shigeo (until 28 June); Jiro Ichinohe (starting 28 June) *Fukui Prefecture: Keizo Ichimura (until 8 March); Shigeo Odachi (starting 8 March) *Fukushima Prefecture: Murai Hachiro (until 28 June); Akagi Tomoharo (starting 28 June) *Gifu Prefecture: Takehiko Ito (until 28 June); Umekichi Miyawaki (starting 28 June) *Gunma Prefecture: Masao Kanazawa *Hiroshima Prefecture: Ryo Chiba (until 28 June); M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buildings And Structures In Fushun
A building, or edifice, is an enclosed structure with a roof and walls standing more or less permanently in one place, such as a house or factory (although there's also portable buildings). Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and functions, and have been adapted throughout history for a wide number of factors, from building materials available, to weather conditions, land prices, ground conditions, specific uses, prestige, and aesthetic reasons. To better understand the term ''building'' compare the list of nonbuilding structures. Buildings serve several societal needs – primarily as shelter from weather, security, living space, privacy, to store belongings, and to comfortably live and work. A building as a shelter represents a physical division of the human habitat (a place of comfort and safety) and the ''outside'' (a place that at times may be harsh and harmful). Ever since the first cave paintings, buildings have also become objects or canvasses of much artistic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Sino-Japanese War Crimes
The second (symbol: s) is the unit of time in the International System of Units (SI), historically defined as of a day – this factor derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes and finally to 60 seconds each (24 × 60 × 60 = 86400). The current and formal definition in the International System of Units ( SI) is more precise:The second ..is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency, Δ''ν''Cs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom, to be when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1. This current definition was adopted in 1967 when it became feasible to define the second based on fundamental properties of nature with caesium clocks. Because the speed of Earth's rotation varies and is slowing ever so slightly, a leap second is added at irregular intervals to civil time to keep clocks in sync with Earth's rotation. Uses Analog clocks and watches often have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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