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Pigou
''Note: The surname Pigou forms part of the terms Pigou Club and Pigouvian tax, both derived from the name of the English economist Arthur Cecil Pigou.'' Pigou is an English surname of Huguenot derivation. The Pigou family originated from Amiens in France. The name was related to pique or pike, and the Pigou arms consist of three pike heads. Two sons of Lawrence Pigou of Amiens – Jacques and John – fled from persecution in France and settled with their families in England in about 1685. All branches of the Pigou family became involved in trade with India. Family of Jacques Pigou The descendants of Jacques died out but there were two notable members of this family. The Gentleman's Magazine (January 1792) reprinted the letter of Captain Peter Pigou (1732–1783) describing his adventures in conveying a huge hydraulic organ from Madras to Aurengabad, for a speculative sale to the Nizam. Thomas Pigou (1765–1796), the son of Peter Pigou was an officer in the British East Indi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pigouvian Tax
A Pigouvian tax (also spelled Pigovian tax) is a tax on any market activity that generates negative externalities (i.e., external costs incurred by the producer that are not included in the market price). The tax is normally set by the government to correct an undesirable or inefficient market outcome (a market failure), and does so by being set equal to the external marginal cost of the negative externalities. In the presence of negative externalities, social cost includes private cost and external cost caused by negative externalities. This means the social cost of a market activity is not covered by the private cost of the activity. In such a case, the market outcome is not efficient and may lead to over-consumption of the product. Often-cited examples of negative externalities are environmental pollution and increased public healthcare costs associated with tobacco and sugary drink consumption.. In the presence of positive externalities (i.e., external public benefits gai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur Cecil Pigou
Arthur Cecil Pigou (; 18 November 1877 – 7 March 1959) was an English economist. As a teacher and builder of the School of Economics at the University of Cambridge, he trained and influenced many Cambridge economists who went on to take chairs of economics around the world. His work covered various fields of economics, particularly welfare economics, but also included Business cycle theory, unemployment, public finance, index numbers, and measurement of national output.Nahid Aslanbeigui, 2008. "Pigou, Arthur Cecil (1877–1959)," ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd edAbstract./ref> His reputation was affected adversely by influential economic writers who used his work as the basis on which to define their own opposing views. He reluctantly served on several public committees, including the Cunliffe Committee and the 1919 Royal Commission on Income tax. Early life and education Pigou was born at Ryde on the Isle of Wight, the son of Clarence George Scott Pigou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pigou Club
The Pigou Club is described by its creator, economist Gregory Mankiw, as "an elite group of economists and pundits with the good sense to have publicly advocated higher Pigovian taxes, such as gasoline taxes or carbon taxes." Description These pundits and economists often advocate lowering other taxes to keep the total amount of taxes collected the same, though many have also proposed dedicating the revenue to other worthwhile projects. A Pigovian tax (also spelled Pigouvian tax, named after economist Arthur Cecil Pigou) is a tax levied to correct the negative externalities (negative side-effects) of a market activity. These ideas are also known as an ecotaxes or green tax shifts. Members Supports The newsmagazine ''The Economist'' has repeatedly expressed support for Pigouvian policies as has ''The Washington Post'' Editorial Board, NPR's "Planet Money" and ''The New York Times''. The group received a great deal of publicity when ''The New York Times ''The N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francis Pigou
Francis Pigou (3 January 1832 – 25 January 1916) was an Anglican priest in the second half of the 19th century and the early part of the 20th. Career He was born in Baden-Baden and educated at Ripon Grammar School and Trinity College, Dublin. He was ordained in 1856 and became a Curate at St Andrew, Stoke Talmage, then Chaplain at Marbœuf Chapel, Paris. He held incumbencies at St Peter, Vere Street, St Philip, Regent Street and St George, Doncaster during which time he became an Honorary Chaplain to the Queen. He was Rural Dean of Halifax from 1875 and held an honorary canonry in the Chapter of Ripon Cathedral. He was also chaplain to the 2nd West York Yeomanry Cavalry and to the Rifle Volunteers. In 1888 he became Dean of Chichester. Pigou found life to be ''unbearably sleepy'' in Chichester and castigated it ''unsparingly'' complaining that there was ''so little to do''.Lowther Clarke. Chichester Cathedral in the Nineteenth Century. p. 16 While at Chichester he a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elfrida Pigou
Elfrida Mary Pigou (February 28, 1911 – July 30, 1960) was a prominent Canadian mountaineer and pioneer with many first ascents to her credit. She was born in Vernon, British Columbia, the daughter of Meynell Henry Pigou and his wife Lilian Maud Mackenzie and spent her childhood in the Okanagan region of British Columbia. She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from the University of British Columbia in 1931. In 1949 she began a climbing career in the mountainous regions of BC and Washington state that made her perhaps the most distinguished female climber of her generation in Canada. Pigou became a member of the Alpine Club of Canada in 1948, and this served as her introduction to the world of mountains climbing. Over the next several years she made ascents of many of the tallest mountains in BC, including Mount Raleigh, Mount Gilbert, Homathko Peak and Mount Essex. She also did several rock climbing first ascents in The Bugaboos, some with Fred Beckey. She also volunteered fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Harford
Henry Harford (5 April 1758 – 8 December 1834), 5th Proprietor of Maryland, was the last proprietary owner of the British colony of Maryland. He was born in 1758 the eldest — but illegitimate — son of Frederick Calvert 6th Baron Baltimore and his mistress Mrs. Hester Whelan. Harford inherited his father's estates in 1771, at the age of thirteen, but by 1776 events in America had overtaken his proprietary authority and he would soon lose all his wealth and power in the New World, though remaining wealthy thanks to his estates in England. Background Harford's father was Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore, 4th (6 February 1731 – 4 September 1771) and last in the line of Barons Baltimore. The Calvert family had been granted a royal charter to the Maryland colony in the 17th century. Since then, successive Lords Baltimore had increased the family holdings and their wealth: the Calverts owned shares in the Bank of England as well as a large family seat at Woodcot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfred Inglis
Alfred Markham Inglis (24 September 1856 – 17 June 1919) was an amateur cricketer who played for MCC and Kent County Cricket Club in the 1870s. By profession, he was a banker. Early life Inglis was born in Casouli, India where his father, Lieutenant-Colonel John Eardley Inglis was serving in the 32nd (Cornwall) Regiment of Foot. His mother was the Hon. Julia Selina Thesiger, daughter of Frederic Thesiger, 1st Baron Chelmsford. By June 1857, when Inglis was less than a year old, his father was second-in-command under Sir Henry Lawrence at Lucknow where the British residency was under siege by Indian "rebels". Lawrence was killed during the early days of the siege, and as a result Col. Inglis took command of the British forces. Mrs. Inglis kept a diary of the events during the siege which lasted until November when the British were evacuated following the relief of the town by General Colin Campbell. Her diary was published in 1892. In the diary she often talks about keeping t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miles Peter Andrews
Miles Peter Andrews (1742 – 18 July 1814) was an 18th-century English playwright, gunpowder manufacturer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1796 to 1814. Biography Andrews was the son of William Andrews, a drysalter of Watling Street and his wife Catherine Pigou. After helping his father in business in the day time, he was "accustomed to sally forth in the evening with sword and bag to Ranelagh or some other public place". He gradually made useful social connections and became a constant companion of Lord Lyttelton. He wrote plays musicals and operas. The first was performed at Drury Lane in 1774. In 1775 the opera diva Ann Cargill aged 15 ran away with him and she then had to be restrained at home by a court order. Andrews had several further plays performed at the Haymarket. Andrews lived in a mansion at Green Park where he entertained the fashionable society of London, and was a member of several clubs. With his uncle Frederick Pigou, a director of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hugo Francis Meynell Ingram
Hugo Francis Meynell-Ingram (1822 – 26 May 1871) was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for West Staffordshire from 1868 to 1871. Meynell-Ingram was the son of Hugo Meynell and his wife Georgina Pigou. His father, proprietor of Hoar Cross Hall and Temple Newsam changed his name to Meynell-Ingram. His mother was a lady of brilliance and charm who was friendly with such men as Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, Walter Savage Landor and Charles Young. He was elected Member of Parliament for Staffordshire West in 1868 and inherited Temple Newsam and Hoar Cross from his father in 1869. He married Emily Charlotte Wood, daughter of Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax, and of Mary daughter of Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey. After his death, Emily built the church of the Holy Angels at Hoar Cross as a memorial to him. The church was designed by George Frederick Bodley and Thomas Garner Thomas Garner (1839–1906) was one of the le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dartford
Dartford is the principal town in the Borough of Dartford, Kent, England. It is located south-east of Central London and is situated adjacent to the London Borough of Bexley to its west. To its north, across the Thames estuary, is Thurrock in Essex, which can be reached via the Dartford Crossing. The town centre lies in a valley through which the River Darent flows and where the old road from London to Dover crossed: hence the name, from ''Darent + ford''. Dartford became a market town in medieval times and, although today it is principally a commuter town for Greater London, it has a long history of religious, industrial and cultural importance. It is an important rail hub; the main through-road now by-passes the town itself. Geography Dartford lies within the area known as the London Basin. The low-lying marsh to the north of the town consists of London Clay and the alluvium brought down by the two rivers—the Darent and the Cray—whose confluence is in this area. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British East India Company
The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia), and later with East Asia. The company seized control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent, colonised parts of Southeast Asia and Hong Kong. At its peak, the company was the largest corporation in the world. The EIC had its own armed forces in the form of the company's three Presidency armies, totalling about 260,000 soldiers, twice the size of the British army at the time. The operations of the company had a profound effect on the global balance of trade, almost single-handedly reversing the trend of eastward drain of Western bullion, seen since Roman times. Originally chartered as the "Governor and Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East-Indies", the company rose to account for half of the world's trade d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
