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Piezochromism
Piezochromism, from the Greek ''piezô'' "to squeeze, to press" and ''chromos'' "color", describes the tendency of certain materials to change color with the application of pressure. This effect is closely related to the electronic band gap change, which can be found in plastic Plastics are a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic materials that use polymers as a main ingredient. Their plasticity makes it possible for plastics to be moulded, extruded or pressed into solid objects of various shapes. This adaptab ...s, semiconductors (e.g. hybrid perovskites) and hydrocarbons. One simple molecule displaying this property is 5-methyl-2- 2-nitrophenyl)amino3-thiophenecarbonitrile, also known as ROY owing to its red, orange and yellow crystalline forms. Individual yellow and pale orange versions transform reversibly to red at high pressure. References External linksPiezochromism Chromism {{materials-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-Methyl-2-((2-nitrophenyl)amino)-3-thiophenecarbonitrile
5-Methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenyl)amino]-3-thiophenecarbonitrile, also known as ROY (red-orange-yellow), is an organic compound which is a chemical intermediate to the drug olanzapine. It has been the subject of intensive study because it can exist in multiple well-characterised crystalline Polymorphism (materials science), polymorphic forms. Synthesis The preparation of ROY was first disclosed in a series of patents from Eli Lilly and Company, Eli Lilly & Co. in the 1990s, which covered the pharmaceutical active ingredient later marketed as olanzapine. In the first step, a Gewald reaction using propionaldehyde, sulfur and malononitrile formed the thiophene ring system, as 2-amino-5-methylthiophene-3-carbonitrile. The amino group was then reacted with 2-fluoro-nitrobenzene in tetrahydrofuran to provide 5-methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenyl)amino]-3-thiophenecarbonitrile. : Polymorphism ROY has been crystallised in at least thirteen polymorphic forms. Five of them, including red, orange and ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ROY (Red Orange Yellow)
Roy is a masculine given name and a family surname with varied origin. In Anglo-Norman England, the name derived from French ''roy'', meaning "king", while its Old French source ''rei'', Middle French ''roy'' (modern ''roi''), likewise gave rise to Roy in the Francophone world. In India, Roy is a variant of the surname '' Rai'',. likewise meaning "king".. It also arose independently in Scotland, an anglicisation from the Scottish Gaelic nickname ''ruadh'', meaning "red". Given name * Roy Acuff (1903–1992), American country music singer and fiddler * Roy Andersen (born 1955), runner * Roy Andersen (South Africa) (born 1948), South African businessman and military officer * Roy Anderson (American football) (born 1980), American football coach * Sir Roy M. Anderson (born 1947), British scientific adviser * Roy Andersson (born 1943), Swedish film director * Roy Andersson (footballer) (born 1949), footballer from Sweden * Roy Chapman Andrews (1884–1960), American natu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pressure
Pressure (symbol: ''p'' or ''P'') is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. Gauge pressure (also spelled ''gage'' pressure)The preferred spelling varies by country and even by industry. Further, both spellings are often used ''within'' a particular industry or country. Industries in British English-speaking countries typically use the "gauge" spelling. is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure. Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and U.S. customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; the atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure, and the torr is defined as of this. Manometric u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plastic
Plastics are a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic materials that use polymers as a main ingredient. Their plasticity makes it possible for plastics to be moulded, extruded or pressed into solid objects of various shapes. This adaptability, plus a wide range of other properties, such as being lightweight, durable, flexible, and inexpensive to produce, has led to its widespread use. Plastics typically are made through human industrial systems. Most modern plastics are derived from fossil fuel-based chemicals like natural gas or petroleum; however, recent industrial methods use variants made from renewable materials, such as corn or cotton derivatives. 9.2 billion tonnes of plastic are estimated to have been made between 1950 and 2017. More than half this plastic has been produced since 2004. In 2020, 400 million tonnes of plastic were produced. If global trends on plastic demand continue, it is estimated that by 2050 annual global plastic production will reach over 1, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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