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Pierre De Villars
Pierre de Villars (1623, Paris - 20 March 1698, Paris), known by courtesy as the Marquis de Villars, was a French diplomat and Councillor of State. He was the son of Claude de Villars, mestre de camp and gentleman of the King's bedchamber, and of his wife Charlotte Louvet de Nogaret-Calvisson, and grandson of René of Savoy, known as the Bastard of Savoy (''Bâtard de Savoie''), and thus (illegitimately) the great-grandson of Philip II, Duke of Savoy. He was married to Marie Gigault de Bellefonds and they had two sons, Armand (died 1712) and Claude-Louis-Hector (1653–1734) who inherited his father's title, Marquis de Villars. Between 1679 and 1681, Villers and his wife were assigned to the royal court in Madrid to represent French King Louis XIV to Spanish King Charles II and his new French-born wife: Marie Louise d'Orléans, the young and beautiful niece of Louis XIV. References Sources * Ferdinand Hoefer Jean Chrétien Ferdinand Hoefer (German: ''Ferdinand Höfe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conseiller D'État (France)
In France, a Councillor of State (French: ''conseiller d'État'') is a high-level government official of administrative law in the French Council of State. Under the Ancien Régime Councillors of State were among the highest dignitaries of the French monarchy during the Ancien Régime. Being thirty in total, the Councillors of State included three clergymen, three from the old nobility (nobility "of the sword" or ''d'épée''), and twenty-four from the ''noblesse de robe'', or "administrative nobility". Ninety percent of the Councillors of State ''de robe'' were promoted from among the Masters of Requests, while the rest were chosen from among judges of the prerogative courts; often they had prior experience working as intendants. In 1789, their number was increased to 42: 25 full-time Councillors ordinary, 16 part-time consellors who functioned on a semester schedule, and the eldest of the Masters of Requests. Their title gave them great power, and in the administrative hierarch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hugues De Lionne
Hugues de Lionne (11 October 1611 – 1 September 1671) was a French statesman. He was born in Grenoble, of an old family of Dauphiné. Early trained for diplomacy, he fell into disgrace under Cardinal Richelieu, but his remarkable abilities attracted the notice of Cardinal Mazarin, who sent him as secretary of the French embassy to the congress of Munster, and, in 1642, on a mission to the pope. In 1646 he became secretary to the queen regent Anne of Austria; in 1653 obtained high office in the kings household; and in 1654 was ambassador extraordinary at the election of Pope Alexander VII. On the death of Ferdinand III, Hugues co-led the French effort to select an Emperor outside the Habsburg family. He and the Cardinal cultivated relationships with German nobility, including Franz Egon of Fürstenberg, prime minister of Cologne, and his brother Wilhelm. With their help, Hugues was instrumental in forming the league of the Rhine, by which Austria was cut off from the Sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1733 En Littérature
Events January–March * January 13 – Borommarachathirat V becomes King of Siam (now Thailand) upon the death of King Sanphet IX. * January 27 – George Frideric Handel's classic opera, ''Orlando'' is performed for the first time, making its debut at the King's Theatre in London. * February 12 – British colonist James Oglethorpe founds Savannah, Georgia. * March 21 – The Molasses Act is passed by British House of Commons, which reinforces the negative opinions of the British by American colonists. The Act then goes to the House of Lords, which consents to it on May 4 and it receives royal assent on May 17. * March 25 – English replaces Latin and Law French as the official language of English and Scottish courts following the enforcement of the Proceedings in Courts of Justice Act 1730. April–June * April 6 – **After British Prime Minister Robert Walpole's proposed excise tax bill results in rioting over the imposition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marie-Catherine D'Aulnoy
Marie-Catherine Le Jumel de Barneville, Baroness d'Aulnoy (1650/1651 – 14 January 1705), also known as Countess d'Aulnoy, was a French author known for her literary fairy tales. When she termed her works ''contes de fées'' (fairy tales), she originated the term that is now generally used for the genre. Biography D'Aulnoy was born in Barneville-la-Bertran, in Normandy, as a member of the noble family of Le Jumel de Barneville. She was the niece of Marie Bruneau des Loges, the friend of François de Malherbe and of Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac. In 1666, she was given at the age of fifteen (by her father) in an arranged marriage to a Parisian thirty years older— François de la Motte, Baron d'Aulnoy, of the household of the Duke of Vendôme. The baron was a freethinker and a known gambler. In 1669, the Baron d'Aulnoy was accused of treason (speaking out against imposed taxes by the King) by two men who may have been the lovers of Mme d'Aulnoy (aged nineteen) and her mother, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1692
Events January–March * January 24 – At least 75 residents of what is now York, Maine are killed in the Candlemas Massacre, carried out by French soldiers led by missionary Louis-Pierre Thury, along with a larger force of Abenaki and Penobscot Indians under the command of Penobscot Chief Madockawando during King William's War, between the French colonists and their indigenous allies, against the English colonists. * January 30 – English Army General John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, a close adviser to King William III, is fired from all of his jobs by the English Secretary of State, the Earl of Nottingham, on orders of Queen Mary. * February 13 – Massacre of Glencoe: The forces of Robert Campbell slaughter around 40 members of the Clan MacDonald of Glencoe in Scotland (from whom they have previously accepted hospitality), for delaying to sign an oath of allegiance to King William III of England. * February 17 – An annular solar eclipse is visible across ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1688
Events January–March * January 2 – Fleeing from the Spanish Navy, French pirate Raveneau de Lussan and his 70 men arrive on the west coast of Nicaragua, sink their boats, and make a difficult 10 day march to the city of Ocotal. * January 5 – Pirates Charles Swan and William Dampier and the crew of the privateer ''Cygnet'' become the first Englishmen to set foot on the continent of Australia. * January 11 – The Patta Fort and the Avandha Fort, located in what is now India's Maharashtra state near Ahmednagar, are captured from the Maratha clan by Mughul Army commander Matabar Khan. The Mughal Empire rules the area 73 years. * January 17 – Ilona Zrínyi, who has defended the Palanok Castle in Hungary from Austrian Imperial forces since 1685, is forced to surrender to General Antonio Caraffa. * January 29 – Madame Jeanne Guyon, French mystic, is arrested in France and imprisoned for seven months. * January 30 (January 20, 1687 old sty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1683
Events January–March * January 5 – The Brandenburger Gold Coast, Brandenburger—African Company, of the German state of Brandenburg, signs a treaty with representatives of the Ahanta people, Ahanta tribe (in what is now Ghana), to establish the fort and settlement of Groß Friedrichsburg, in honor of Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg. The location is later renamed Princes Town, Ghana, Princes Town, also called Pokesu. * January 6 – The tragic opera ''Phaëton (Lully), Phaëton'', written by Jean-Baptiste Lully and Philippe Quinault, is premiered at the Palace of Versailles. * January 27 – Gove's Rebellion breaks out in the Province of New Hampshire in North America as a revolt against the Royal Governor, Edward Cranfield. Most of the participants, and their leader Edward Gove, are arrested. Gowe is convicted of treason but pardoned three years later. * February 7 – The opera ''Giustino (Legrenzi), Giustino'' by Giovanni Legrenzi an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danemark
) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of Denmark , established_title = Consolidation , established_date = 8th century , established_title2 = Christianization , established_date2 = 965 , established_title3 = , established_date3 = 5 June 1849 , established_title4 = Faroese home rule , established_date4 = 24 March 1948 , established_title5 = EEC accession , established_date5 = 1 January 1973 , established_title6 = Greenlandic home rule , established_date6 = 1 May 1979 , official_languages = Danish , languages_type = Regional languages , languages_sub = yes , languages = GermanGerman is recognised as a protected minority language in the South Jutland area of Denmark. , demonym = , capital = Copenhagen , largest_city = capital , coordinates = , ethnic_groups = , ethnic_gro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1676
Events January–March * January 29 – Feodor III of Russia, Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia. * January 31 – Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, the oldest institution of higher education in Central America, is founded. * January – Six months into King Philip's War, Metacomet (King Philip), leader of the Algonquian peoples, Algonquian tribe known as the Wampanoag people, Wampanoag, travels westward to the Mohawk nation, seeking an alliance with the Mohawks against the Colonial history of the United States, English colonists of New England; his efforts in creating such an alliance are a failure. * February 10 – After the Nipmuc tribe attacks Lancaster, Massachusetts, colonist Mary Rowlandson is taken captive, and lives with the Indians until May. * February 14 – Metacomet and his Wampanoags attack Northampton, Massachusetts; meanwhile, the Massachusetts Council debates whether a wall should be erected around Boston. * February 23 &n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1679
Events January–June * January 24 – King Charles II of England dissolves the "Cavalier Parliament", after nearly 18 years. * February 3 – Moroccan troops from Fez are killed, along with their commander Moussa ben Ahmed ben Youssef, in a battle against rebels in the Jbel Saghro mountain range, but Moroccan Sultan Ismail Ibn Sharif is able to negotiate a ceasefire allowing his remaining troops safe passage back home. * February 5 – The Treaty of Celle is signed between France and Sweden on one side, and the Holy Roman Empire, at the town of Celle in Saxony (now in Germany). Sweden's sovereignty over Bremen-Verden is confirmed and Sweden cedes control of Thedinghausen and Dörverden to the Germans. * February 19 – Ajit Singh Rathore becomes the new Maharaja of the Jodhpur State a principality in India also known as Marwar, now located in Rajasthan state. * March 6 – In England, the "Habeas Corpus Parliament" (or "First Exclusion Parliament" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1672
Events January–March * January 2 – After the government of England is unable to pay the nation's debts, King Charles II decrees the Stop of the Exchequer, the suspension of payments for one year "upon any warrant, securities or orders, whether registered or not registered therein, and payable within that time, excepting only such payments as shall grow due upon orders on the subsidy, according to the Act of Parliament, and orders and securities upon the fee farm rents, both which are to be proceeded upon as if such a stop had never been made." The money saved by not paying debts is redirected toward the expenses of the upcoming war with the Dutch Republic, but the effect is for the halt by banks for extending further credit to the Crown. Before the end of the year, the suspension of payments is extended from December 31 to May 31, and then to January 31, 1674. * January 11 – The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, national sci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
