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Phlegopsis
''Phlegopsis'' is a genus of insectivorous passerine birds in the antbird family, Thamnophilidae. They are known as "bare-eyes", which is a reference to a colourful bare patch of skin around their eyes. They are restricted to humid forest in the Amazon of South America. They are among the largest ant-followers in the family and are only rarely seen away from ant swarms. Taxonomy The pale-faced bare-eye, sometimes known as the pale-faced antbird, has often been placed in the monotypic genus ''Skutchia'', but based on genetic evidence it should be placed in ''Phlegopsis'', and this treatment was adopted by the SACC in 2010. Based on a single specimen a fourth species, the Argus bare-eye (''P. barringeri'') has been proposed, but it is a hybrid between ''P. erythroptera'' and ''P. nigromaculata''. The genus contains three species: * Reddish-winged bare-eye (''Phlegopsis erythroptera'') * Black-spotted bare-eye The black-spotted bare-eye (''Phlegopsis nigromaculata'') is a s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black-spotted Bare-eye
The black-spotted bare-eye (''Phlegopsis nigromaculata'') is a species of insectivore passerine bird in the antbird family Thamnophilidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. The black-spotted bare-eye was described by the French naturalists Alcide d'Orbigny and Frédéric de Lafresnaye in 1837 and given the binomial name ''Myothera nigro-maculata''. The specific epithet combines the Latin words ''niger'' for "black" and ''maculatus '' for "spotted". There are four subspecies: * ''Phlegopsis nigromaculata nigromaculata'' (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) – southeast Colombia, east Ecuador, east Peru, north Bolivia and southwest Amazonian Brazil * ''Phlegopsis nigromaculata bowmani'' Ridgway, 1888 – south central Amazonian Brazil and central Bolivia * ''Phlegopsis nigromaculata confinis'' Zimmer, JT, 1932 – east central Amazonian Brazil * ''Phlegopsis nigromaculata paraensis'' He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlegopsis
''Phlegopsis'' is a genus of insectivorous passerine birds in the antbird family, Thamnophilidae. They are known as "bare-eyes", which is a reference to a colourful bare patch of skin around their eyes. They are restricted to humid forest in the Amazon of South America. They are among the largest ant-followers in the family and are only rarely seen away from ant swarms. Taxonomy The pale-faced bare-eye, sometimes known as the pale-faced antbird, has often been placed in the monotypic genus ''Skutchia'', but based on genetic evidence it should be placed in ''Phlegopsis'', and this treatment was adopted by the SACC in 2010. Based on a single specimen a fourth species, the Argus bare-eye (''P. barringeri'') has been proposed, but it is a hybrid between ''P. erythroptera'' and ''P. nigromaculata''. The genus contains three species: * Reddish-winged bare-eye (''Phlegopsis erythroptera'') * Black-spotted bare-eye The black-spotted bare-eye (''Phlegopsis nigromaculata'') is a s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argus Bare-eye
The Argus bare-eye (''Phlegopsis barringeri'') is a species of bird in the family Thamnophilidae. Known only from a single male specimen taken in 1951 in Colombia, its taxonomic validity is questionable, and most authorities do not recognize it, following Willis (1979) and Graves (1992), where it was shown to be a hybrid Hybrid may refer to: Science * Hybrid (biology), an offspring resulting from cross-breeding ** Hybrid grape, grape varieties produced by cross-breeding two ''Vitis'' species ** Hybridity, the property of a hybrid plant which is a union of two dif ... between the black-spotted and the reddish-winged bare-eye. References * Graves, G. R. (1992). ''Diagnosis of a hybrid antbird (Phlegopsis nigromaculata X Phlegopsis erythroptera) and the rarity of hybridization among suboscines.'' Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 105: 834–340. * Willis, E. O. (1979). ''Comportamento e ecologia da mãe-da-taóca, Phlegopsis nigromaculata (D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye)(Aves, Formicariidae).'' Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pale-faced Bare-eye
The Pale-faced bare-eye (''Phlegopsis borbae''), sometimes known as the pale-faced antbird, is a species of bird in the family Thamnophilidae. It has often been placed in the monotypic genus ''Skutchia'', but based on genetic evidence this genus is now merged with ''Phlegopsis'', and this treatment was adopted by the SACC in 2010. It is endemic to humid forest in the south-central Amazon in Brazil. It is an obligate ant-follower Ant followers are birds that feed by following swarms of army ants and take prey flushed by those ants. The best-known ant-followers are 18 species of antbird in the family Thamnophilidae, but other families of birds may follow ants, including thr ... only rarely seen away from ant swarms. References Further reading pale-faced bare-eye Birds of the Brazilian Amazon Endemic birds of Brazil pale-faced bare-eye Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Thamnophilidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reddish-winged Bare-eye
The reddish-winged bare-eye (''Phlegopsis erythroptera'') is a species of insectivorous passerine bird in the antbird family, Thamnophilidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. The reddish-winged bare-eye was described by the English bird artist and ornithologist John Gould in 1855 and given the binomial name ''Formicarius erythroptera''. This species is a specialist ant-follower that relies upon swarms of army ants to flush insects and other arthropods out of the leaf litter Plant litter (also leaf litter, tree litter, soil litter, litterfall or duff) is dead plant material (such as leaves, bark, needles, twigs, and cladodes) that have fallen to the ground. This detritus or dead organic material and its constituent .... References reddish-winged bare-eye Birds of the Amazon Basin Birds of Bolivia Birds of Colombia Birds of Ecuador Birds of Peru Birds of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antbird
The antbirds are a large passerine bird family (biology), family, Thamnophilidae, found across subtropical and tropical Central and South America, from Mexico to Argentina. There are List of antbirds, more than 230 species, known variously as antshrikes, antwrens, antvireos, fire-eyes, bare-eyes and bushbirds. They are related to the antthrushes and antpittas (family Formicariidae), the tapaculos, the gnateaters and the Ovenbird (family), ovenbirds. Despite some species' common names, this family is not closely related to the wrens, vireos or shrikes. Antbirds are generally small birds with rounded wings and strong legs. They have mostly sombre grey, white, brown and rufous plumage, which is sexual dimorphism, sexually dimorphic in pattern and colouring. Some species communicate warnings to rivals by exposing white feather patches on their backs or shoulders. Most have heavy beak, bills, which in many species are hooked at the tip. Most species live in forests, although a few ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South American Classification Committee
The American Ornithological Society (AOS) is an ornithological organization based in the United States. The society was formed in October 2016 by the merger of the American Ornithologists' Union (AOU) and the Cooper Ornithological Society. Its members are primarily professional ornithologists, although membership is open to anyone with an interest in birds. The society publishes the two scholarly journals, ''The Auk'' and '' The Condor'' as well as the ''AOS Checklist of North American Birds''. In 2013, the American Ornithologists' Union announced a close partnership with the Cooper Ornithological Society, including joint meetings, a centralized publishing office, and a refocusing of their respective journals to increase efficiency of research. In October 2016, the AOU announced that it was ceasing to operate as an independent union and was merging with the Cooper Ornithological Society to create the American Ornithological Society. History The American Ornithologists' Unio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bird Genera
Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the bee hummingbird to the ostrich. There are about ten thousand living species, more than half of which are passerine, or "perching" birds. Birds have whose development varies according to species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct moa and elephant birds. Wings, which are modified forelimbs, gave birds the ability to fly, although further evolution has led to the loss of flight in some birds, including ratites, penguins, and diverse endemic island species. The digestive and respiratory systems of birds are also uniquely adapted for flight. Some bird species of aquatic environments, particularly seabirds and some waterbirds, have further evolved for swimming. Bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hybrid (biology)
In biology, a hybrid is the offspring resulting from combining the qualities of two organisms of different breeds, varieties, species or genera through sexual reproduction. Hybrids are not always intermediates between their parents (such as in blending inheritance), but can show hybrid vigor, sometimes growing larger or taller than either parent. The concept of a hybrid is interpreted differently in animal and plant breeding, where there is interest in the individual parentage. In genetics, attention is focused on the numbers of chromosomes. In taxonomy, a key question is how closely related the parent species are. Species are reproductively isolated by strong barriers to hybridisation, which include genetic and morphological differences, differing times of fertility, mating behaviors and cues, and physiological rejection of sperm cells or the developing embryo. Some act before fertilization and others after it. Similar barriers exist in plants, with differences in flowering tim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.Hartl D, Jones E (2005) It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution. Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian friar working in the 19th century in Brno, was the first to study genetics scientifically. Mendel studied "trait inheritance", patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring over time. He observed that organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discrete "units of inheritance". This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene. Trait inheritance and molecular inheritance mechanisms of genes are still primary principles of genetics in the 21st century, but modern genetics has expanded to study the function and behavior of genes. Gene structure and function, variation, and distribution are studied within the context of the cell, the organism (e.g. dominance), and within the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ludwig Reichenbach
Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach (8 January 1793 – 17 March 1879) was a German botanist and ornithologist. It was he who first requested Leopold Blaschka to make a set of glass marine invertebrate models for scientific education and museum showcasing, the successful commission giving rise to the creation of the Blaschkas' Glass sea creatures and, subsequently and indirectly, the more famous Glass Flowers. Early life Born in Leipzig and the son of Johann Friedrich Jakob Reichenbach (the author in 1818 of the first Greek-German dictionary) Reichenbach studied medicine and natural science at the University of Leipzig in 1810 and, eight years later in 1818, he the now Professor became an instructor before, in 1820, he was appointed the director of the Dresden natural history museum and a professor at the Surgical-Medical Academy in Dresden, where he remained for many years. Glass sea creatures Director of the natural history museum in Dresden, Professor Reichenbach was fac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monotypic
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, a monotypic genus is a genus in the special case where a genus and a single species are simultaneously described. In contrast, an oligotypic taxon contains more than one but only a very few subordinate taxa. Examples Just as the term ''monotypic'' is used to describe a taxon including only one subdivision, the contained taxon can also be referred to as monotypic within the higher-level taxon, e.g. a genus monotypic within a family. Some examples of monotypic groups are: Plants * In the order Amborellales, there is only one family, Amborellaceae and there is only one genus, '' Amborella'', and in this genus there is only one species, namely ''Amborella trichopoda. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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