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Philippe Thomas
Philippe Thomas (4 May 1843 – 12 February 1910) was a French veterinarian and amateur geologist who discovered large deposits of phosphates in Tunisia. Despite the huge economic importance of his discovery, he received little recognition during his life. Monuments to Thomas in Tunisia were destroyed after the country gained independence. Career Early years (1843–85) Philippe Thomas was born in Duerne, Rhône on 4 May 1843. He attended the École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, where he was a brilliant student, and the Cavalry School. He was named an Army Veterinarian in 1865. He was assigned to Algeria but returned to France at the start of the Franco-Prussian War (1870) and fought in various engagements. He returned to Algeria after the war and took part in suppression of the revolt in the Kabylie in 1871. In his spare time, he studied geology, paleontology, and other scientific disciplines. Thomas became a qualified geologist. Thomas classified the succession of Eoc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duerne
Duerne () is a commune in the Rhône department in eastern France. See also *Communes of the Rhône department The following is a list of the 208 communes of the Rhône department of France. This list does not includes the Lyon Metropolis The Metropolis of Lyon (french: Métropole de Lyon), also known as ("Greater Lyon"), is a French territorial coll ... References Communes of Rhône (department) {{Rhône-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ras El Aioun
Ras El Aioun (Arabic:رأس العيون, Algerian Arabic pronunciation: راس لعيون Ras Layoun, French: ''Ras El Aïoun'') is a town in northeastern Algeria, within the Ras El Aioun District Ras El Aioun is a district of Batna Province, Algeria. In 2008, the district's population was estimated to be around 130,000. Ras El Aioun is located on the Mediterranean Sea and in the north-central portion of Algeria. Ras El aioun had been in .... References Communes of Batna Province Cities in Algeria Algeria {{Batna-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaîne Du Thaljah
The Chaîne du Thaljah is a range of mountains in the Gafsa Governorate of Tunisia. Huge deposits of phosphates were found at the base of the chain on 1885. Exploration The line of mountains runs in a roughly east–west direction from Gafsa in Tunisia to Negrine in Algeria, crossing the border not far from the small oasis of Tamerza. The highest point is the Jebel-Bliji. On the north side, at a place called Es Safia south-southeast of Tamerza, a rock painting was found on an overhanging rock wall at the entrance of a deep ravine. It depicts animals and men in silhouette, in blood on a yellow-ochre background, all slightly glazed. It was probably made by Berbers between the Stone and Bronze Ages. In 1885–86 the geologist Philippe Thomas explored the southern area of Tunisia between the meridian of Kairouan and the Saharan chotts, covering a vast area. He also explored the western area, which his colleagues had neglected, particularly the Chaîne du Thaljah or Chaîne du Tseldja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chott
In geology, a chott, shott, or shatt (; ar, شط, šaṭṭ, lit=bank, coast) is a salt lake in Africa's Maghreb that stays dry for much of the year but receives some water in the winter. The elevation of a chott surface is controlled by the position of the water table and capillary fringe, with sediment deflation occurring when the water table falls and sediment accumulation occurring when the water table rises.Swezey, C.S., 2003, The role of climate in the creation and destruction of continental stratigraphic records: An example from the northern margin of the Sahara Desert, in Cecil, C.B., and Edgar, N.T., eds., Climate Controls on Stratigraphy: SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) Special Publication 77, p. 207-225. They are formed—within variable shores—by the spring thaw from the Atlas mountain range, along with occasional rainwater or groundwater sources in the Sahara, such as the Bas Saharan Basin. Water sources The chotts of the Sahara are fed intermittently d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kairouan
Kairouan (, ), also spelled El Qayrawān or Kairwan ( ar, ٱلْقَيْرَوَان, al-Qayrawān , aeb, script=Latn, Qeirwān ), is the capital of the Kairouan Governorate in Tunisia and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The city was founded by the Umayyads around 670, in the period of Caliph Mu'awiya (reigned 661–680); this is when it became an important centre for Sunni Islamic scholarship and Quranic learning, attracting Muslims from various parts of the world, next only to Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem. The Mosque of Uqba is situated in the city.Europa Publications "General Survey: Holy Places" ''The Middle East and North Africa 2003'', p. 147. Routledge, 2003. . "The city is regarded as a holy place for Muslims." In 2014, the city had about 187,000 inhabitants. Etymology The name ( ''al-Qayrawān'') is an Arabic word meaning "military group" or "caravan", borrowed early on from the Middle Persian word ''kārawān'' (modern Persian ''kârvân''), meaning "military column" ('' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maktar
Maktar or Makthar ( ar, مكثر), also known by other names during antiquity, is a town and archaeological site in Siliana Governorate, Tunisia. Maktar was founded by the Berber Numidians as a defense post against Carthaginian expansion. At the end of the Third Punic War, it was settled by many Punic refugees after the Romans' destruction of Carthage in 146BC. Under Roman rule, it obtained the status of a free city under Julius Caesar in 46BC and became a Roman colony in AD146. It formed part of the province of Byzacena and was the seat of a Christian bishop. Under the Romans and Byzantines, it reversed its earlier role to serve as a defense post against local Berber attacks. The town survived the Muslim invasions but was destroyed by the Banu Hilal tribe in the 11thcentury before being reëstablished. The present town had a population of 13,576 in 2014. Name The Carthaginians recorded the town's name variously as ( xpu, 𐤌𐤊𐤕𐤓𐤌), ( xpu, 𐤌𐤊𐤕𐤓 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaghouan
Zaghouan (or Zaghwan; ar, زغوان '' ; ber, ⵣⴻⵖⵡⴰⵏ / Zeɣwan)'' is a town in the northern half of Tunisia. Situated on a low ridge of the Dorsale Mountains, the town has a mild climate and presents a green aspect. Cold water from here was taken by the Zaghouan Aqueduct to Carthage. The town is famous for its roses, originally cultivated by Muslim refugees from Spain in the seventeenth century. The town is located around 60 km due south of Tunis and around 50 km inland (west) from the Gulf of Hammamet and has an estimated population of around 20,837 (2014). It is the capital of the Zaghouan Governorate. On the mountain south of the city is the Roman Water Temple Djebel Zaghouan (Temple de Eaux), source of an aqueduct which used to take water to the city of Carthage over 100 km away. The ruins here are illustrated in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840, as 'Temple and Fountain of Zagwhan', the subject of a poem by Letitia Elizabeth Landon. E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jurassic
The Jurassic ( ) is a Geological period, geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately Mya. The Jurassic constitutes the middle period of the Mesozoic, Mesozoic Era and is named after the Jura Mountains, where limestone strata from the period were first identified. The start of the Jurassic was marked by the major Triassic–Jurassic extinction event, associated with the eruption of the Central Atlantic magmatic province, Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. The beginning of the Toarcian Stage started around 183 million years ago and is marked by an extinction event associated with widespread Anoxic event, oceanic anoxia, ocean acidification, and elevated temperatures likely caused by the eruption of the Karoo-Ferrar, Karoo-Ferrar large igneous provinces. The end of the Jurassic, however, has no clear boundary with the Cretaceous and i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Albert Gaudry
Jean Albert Gaudry (16 September 1827 – 27 November 1908) was a French geologist and palaeontologist. He was born at St Germain-en-Laye, and was educated at the Catholic Collège Stanislas de Paris. He was a notable proponent of theistic evolution.Buffetaut, Éric. (1987). ''A Short History of Vertebrate Palaeontology''. Croom Helm. p. 117 Career At the age of twenty-five he made explorations in Cyprus and Greece, residing in the latter country from 1855 to 1860. He then investigated the rich deposit of fossil vertebrata at Pikermi and brought to light a remarkable mammalian fauna, Miocene in age, and intermediate in its forms between European, Asiatic and African types. He also published an account of the geology of the island of Cyprus (''Mém. Soc. Géol. de France'', 1862). In 1853, while still in Cyprus, he was appointed assistant to Alcide Dessalines d'Orbigny, A d'Orbigny, who was the first to hold the chair of palaeontology in the museum of natural history at Paris. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Le Mesle
Georges Le Mesle (21 August 1828 – 31 December 1895) was a French geologist. He is best known for his work on the geology of northern and southern Tunisia, which he undertook between 1887 and 1891. Life Georges Le Mesle was a geologist, paleontologist, correspondent of the National Museum of Natural History (France), National Museum of Natural History and member of the Scientific Commission of Tunisia. Le Mesle was born in Paris on 21 August 1828. He became a corresponding geologist of the Museum of Natural History of Paris, which charged him with a mission to Indochina. He undertook useful work in Tonkin. Some of his photographs have been preserved by the Paris Society of Geography. The society calls them "photos of the Ba Keng Buddha, near Angkor, 1864", but the date is dubious since Angkor had only recently been found by European travellers. Le Mesle visited Algeria several times, and built up a valuable collection of fossils, which were used by M. Peron in his works on Alg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Rolland
Georges Rolland (23 January 1852 – 25 July 1910) was a French geologist and industrialist, a member of the Corps des mines, who worked in Algeria in the 1880s. He made important discoveries about the underground hydrology of the Sahara. He was a leading advocate of a trans-Sahara railway to link French colonial possessions in West Africa. After returning to France he explored the geology of the Briey iron ore basin in Lorraine. He married the heiress of a Lorraine steelworks, and became president of the Société métallurgique de Gorcy and the Aciéries de Longwy, and director of various other enterprises. Early years Georges Rolland was born in Paris on 23 January 1852. His parents were Gustave Rolland (1809–71) and Bernardine Marie Léonie Dauss. His father was a former officer of the Engineers who became a Deputy. His uncle was the inventor Eugène Rolland (1812–85). At a very young age he was accepted by the École Navale and the École Polytechnique, and chose the É ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Napoléon Doumet-Adanson
Napoléon Doumet-Adanson (22 October 1834, Guéret – 31 May 1897 Château de Balaine (Villeneuve-sur-Allier) was a French naturalist. He was a botanist specialising in the flora of Tunisia . He was a founder member of the Société d'horticulture et de botanique de l'Hérault. Doumet was also interested in entomology. He was a Member of the Institut de France. In 1882 Jules Ferry, as Minister of Public Instruction, decided to create a mission to explore the Regency of Tunisia. The expedition was headed by the botanist Ernest Cosson and included Doumet-Adanson and other naturalists. In 1884 a geological section under Georges Rolland was added to the Tunisian Scientific Exploration Mission. Rolland was assisted by Philippe Thomas from 1885 and by Georges Le Mesle Georges Le Mesle (21 August 1828 – 31 December 1895) was a French geologist. He is best known for his work on the geology of northern and southern Tunisia, which he undertook between 1887 and 1891. Life Georges Le M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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