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Phalansterium Intestinum
''Phalansterium'' is a genus of single-celled flagellated organisms comprising several species, which form colonies. ''Phalansterium'' produces tetraspores. ''Phalansterium'' is hard to classify; it has a distinctive ultrastructure of its pericentriolar material. Molecular evidence places it in the Amoebozoa. It has been suggested that it is similar to the ancestral eukaryote. Species Genus ''Phalansterium'' Cienkowsky 1870 * Species ''Phalansterium arcticum'' Shmakova, Karpov & Smirnov 2018 * Species ''Phalansterium consociatum'' (Fresenius 1858) Cienkowsky 1870 * Species ''Phalansterium digitatum'' Stein 1878 * Species ''Phalansterium filosum ''Phalansterium'' is a genus of single-celled flagellated organisms comprising several species, which form colonies. ''Phalansterium'' produces tetraspores. ''Phalansterium'' is hard to classify; it has a distinctive ultrastructure of its perice ...'' Cavalier-Smith & Chao 2011 * Species '' Phalansterium intestinum'' Cienkowsky 1870 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eukaryota
Eukaryotes () are organisms whose Cell (biology), cells have a cell nucleus, nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms, are Eukaryotes. They belong to the group of organisms Eukaryota or Eukarya, which is one of the Three-domain system, three domains of life. Bacteria and Archaea (both prokaryotes) make up the other two domains. The eukaryotes are usually now regarded as having emerged in the Archaea or as a sister of the Asgard (archaea), Asgard archaea. This implies that there are only Two-domain system, two domains of life, Bacteria and Archaea, with eukaryotes incorporated among archaea. Eukaryotes represent a small minority of the number of organisms, but, due to their generally much larger size, their collective global biomass (ecology), biomass is estimated to be about equal to that of prokaryotes. Eukaryotes emerged approximately 2.3–1.8 billion years ago, during the Proterozoic eon, likely as Flagellated cell, flagellated phagotrophs. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amoebozoa
Amoebozoa is a major taxonomic group containing about 2,400 described species of amoeboid protists, often possessing blunt, fingerlike, lobose pseudopods and tubular mitochondrial cristae. In traditional and currently no longer supported classification schemes, Amoebozoa is ranked as a phylum within either the kingdom Protista or the kingdom Protozoa. In the classification favored by the International Society of Protistologists, it is retained as an unranked " supergroup" within Eukaryota. Molecular genetic analysis supports Amoebozoa as a monophyletic clade. Modern studies of eukaryotic phylogenetic trees identify it as the sister group to Opisthokonta, another major clade which contains both fungi and animals as well as several other clades comprising some 300 species of unicellular eukaryotes. Amoebozoa and Opisthokonta are sometimes grouped together in a high-level taxon, variously named Unikonta, Amorphea or Opimoda. Amoebozoa includes many of the best-known amoeboid orga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conosa
Conosa is a grouping of Amoebozoa. It is subdivided into three groups – Archamoebae, Variosea (paraphyletic) and Mycetozoa (polyphyletic). In some classifications, the mycetozoan Myxogastria and Dictyostelia are united in Macromycetozoa. Conosa includes the species ''Dictyostelium discoideum'' and ''Entamoeba histolytica'', among others. File:Entamoeba histolytica.jpg, ''Entamoeba histolytica'' trophozoite Pelomyxa palustris.jpg, ''Pelomyxa palustris'' File:Badhamia_utricularis_mature.jpg, ''Badhamia utricularis'' (Myxogastria: Physarales Physarales is an order of Amoebozoa in the class Myxomycetes. It contains three families, the Didymiaceae Didymiaceae is a family of plasmodial slime molds in the order Physarales. Genera The family contains the following four genera: * ' ...) References Taxa named by Thomas Cavalier-Smith Amorphea subphyla {{Amoebozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Variosea
Conosa is a grouping of Amoebozoa. It is subdivided into three groups – Archamoebae, Variosea (paraphyletic) and Mycetozoa (polyphyletic). In some classifications, the mycetozoan Myxogastria and Dictyostelia are united in Macromycetozoa. Conosa includes the species ''Dictyostelium discoideum'' and ''Entamoeba histolytica'', among others. File:Entamoeba histolytica.jpg, ''Entamoeba histolytica'' trophozoite Pelomyxa palustris.jpg, ''Pelomyxa palustris'' File:Badhamia_utricularis_mature.jpg, ''Badhamia utricularis'' (Myxogastria: Physarales Physarales is an order of Amoebozoa in the class Myxomycetes. It contains three families, the Didymiaceae Didymiaceae is a family of plasmodial slime molds in the order Physarales. Genera The family contains the following four genera: * ' ...) References Taxa named by Thomas Cavalier-Smith Amorphea subphyla {{Amoebozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phalansteriida
''Phalansterium'' is a genus of single-celled flagellated organisms comprising several species, which form colonies. ''Phalansterium'' produces tetraspores. ''Phalansterium'' is hard to classify; it has a distinctive ultrastructure of its pericentriolar material Pericentriolar material (PCM, sometimes also called pericent matrix) is a highly structured, dense mass of protein which makes up the part of the animal centrosome that surrounds the two centrioles. The PCM contains proteins responsible for microtub .... Molecular evidence places it in the Amoebozoa. It has been suggested that it is similar to the ancestral eukaryote. Species Genus ''Phalansterium'' Cienkowsky 1870 * Species '' Phalansterium arcticum'' Shmakova, Karpov & Smirnov 2018 * Species '' Phalansterium consociatum'' (Fresenius 1858) Cienkowsky 1870 * Species '' Phalansterium digitatum'' Stein 1878 * Species '' Phalansterium filosum'' Cavalier-Smith & Chao 2011 * Species '' Phalansterium intestinum'' Cienkowsky ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flagellates
A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella. The word ''flagellate'' also describes a particular construction (or level of organization) characteristic of many prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their means of motion. The term presently does not imply any specific relationship or classification of the organisms that possess flagella. However, the term "flagellate" is included in other terms (such as "dinoflagellate" and "choanoflagellata") which are more formally characterized. Form and behavior Flagella in eukaryotes are supported by microtubules in a characteristic arrangement, with nine fused pairs surrounding two central singlets. These arise from a basal body. In some flagellates, flagella direct food into a cytostome or mouth, where food is ingested. Flagella often support hairs, called mastigonemes, or contain rods. Their ultrastructure plays an important role in classifying eukaryotes. Among protoctists and microscopic anima ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AlgaeBase
AlgaeBase is a global species database of information on all groups of algae, both marine and freshwater, as well as sea-grass. History AlgaeBase began in March 1996, founded by Michael Guiry. Text was copied from this source, which is available under Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)licence. (Sehere. By 2005, the database contained about 65,000 names. In 2013, AlgaeBase and the Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) signed an end-user license agreement regarding the Electronic Intellectual Property of AlgaeBase. This allows the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) to include taxonomic names of algae in WoRMS, thereby allowing WoRMS, as part of the Aphia database, to make its overview of all described marine species more complete. Synchronisation of the AlgaeBase data with Aphia and WoRMS was undertaken manually until March 2015, but this was very time-consuming, so an online application was developed to semi-automate the synchronisation, launching in 2015 in conju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ultrastructure
Ultrastructure (or ultra-structure) is the architecture of cells and biomaterials that is visible at higher magnifications than found on a standard optical light microscope. This traditionally meant the resolution and magnification range of a conventional transmission electron microscope (TEM) when viewing biological specimens such as cells, tissue, or organs. Ultrastructure can also be viewed with scanning electron microscopy and super-resolution microscopy, although TEM is a standard histology technique for viewing ultrastructure. Such cellular structures as organelles, which allow the cell to function properly within its specified environment, can be examined at the ultrastructural level. Ultrastructure, along with molecular phylogeny, is a reliable phylogenetic way of classifying organisms. Features of ultrastructure are used industrially to control material properties and promote biocompatibility. History In 1931, German engineers Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska invented th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pericentriolar Material
Pericentriolar material (PCM, sometimes also called pericent matrix) is a highly structured, dense mass of protein which makes up the part of the animal centrosome that surrounds the two centrioles. The PCM contains proteins responsible for microtubule nucleation and anchoring including γ-tubulin, pericentrin and ninein. Although the PCM appears amorphous by electron microscopy, super-resolution microscopy finds that it is highly organized. The PCM have 9-fold symmetry that mimics the symmetry of the centriole. Some PCM proteins are organized such that one end of the protein is found near the centriole and the other end is farther away from the centriole. The PCM size is dynamic during the cell cycle. After cell division, the PCM size is reduced in a process named centrosome reduction.Atypical centrioles during sexual reproduction Tomer Avidor-Reiss*, Atul Khire, Emily L. Fishman and Kyoung H. Jo Curr Biol. 2015 Nov 16;25(22):2956-63. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.09.045. Epub 2015 Oct 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phalansterium Arcticum
''Phalansterium'' is a genus of single-celled flagellates, flagellated organisms comprising several species, which form colonies. ''Phalansterium'' produces tetraspores. ''Phalansterium'' is hard to classify; it has a distinctive ultrastructure of its pericentriolar material. Molecular evidence places it in the Amoebozoa. It has been suggested that it is similar to the ancestral eukaryote. Species Genus ''Phalansterium'' Cienkowsky 1870 * Species ''Phalansterium arcticum'' Shmakova, Karpov & Smirnov 2018 * Species ''Phalansterium consociatum'' (Fresenius 1858) Cienkowsky 1870 * Species ''Phalansterium digitatum'' Stein 1878 * Species ''Phalansterium filosum'' Cavalier-Smith & Chao 2011 * Species ''Phalansterium intestinum'' Cienkowsky 1870 * Species ''Phalansterium solitarium'' Sandon 1924 References Amoebozoa genera {{Amoebozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phalansterium Consociatum
''Phalansterium'' is a genus of single-celled flagellated organisms comprising several species, which form colonies. ''Phalansterium'' produces tetraspores. ''Phalansterium'' is hard to classify; it has a distinctive ultrastructure of its pericentriolar material. Molecular evidence places it in the Amoebozoa. It has been suggested that it is similar to the ancestral eukaryote. Species Genus ''Phalansterium'' Cienkowsky 1870 * Species ''Phalansterium arcticum ''Phalansterium'' is a genus of single-celled flagellates, flagellated organisms comprising several species, which form colonies. ''Phalansterium'' produces tetraspores. ''Phalansterium'' is hard to classify; it has a distinctive ultrastructure ...'' Shmakova, Karpov & Smirnov 2018 * Species '' Phalansterium consociatum'' (Fresenius 1858) Cienkowsky 1870 * Species '' Phalansterium digitatum'' Stein 1878 * Species '' Phalansterium filosum'' Cavalier-Smith & Chao 2011 * Species '' Phalansterium intestinum'' Cienkowsky 18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
