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Peru–Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Relations
Peru–Sahrawi Republic relations refers to the current and historical relations between the Republic of Peru and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). Peru first established relations with the SADR in 1987 and froze them in 1996. After 25 years, relations were reestablished in 2021, suspended in August 2022 and again reestablished on September of the same year. In September 2023, it was announced that relations between both states were again suspended. In 1999, and from 2012 to the present day, Peru has also sent troops to the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara. History Peru first recognized the SADR through a treaty signed on August 16, 1984, under the presidency of Fernando Belaúnde. Relations were then officially established on May 5, 1987, under the first presidency of Alan García, with another treaty being signed by Peruvian Foreign Minister Allan Wagner Tizón and Sahrawi Special Envoy Hamri Bouiha, who became the first concurrent amba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bilateralism
Bilateralism is the conduct of political, economic, or cultural relations between two sovereign states. It is in contrast to unilateralism or multilateralism, which is activity by a single state or jointly by multiple states, respectively. When states recognize one another as sovereign states and agree to diplomatic relations, they create a bilateral relationship. States with bilateral ties will exchange diplomatic agents such as ambassadors to facilitate dialogues and cooperations. Economic agreements, such as free trade agreements (FTA) or foreign direct investment (FDI), signed by two states, are a common example of bilateralism. Since most economic agreements are signed according to the specific characteristics of the contracting countries to give preferential treatment to each other, not a generalized principle but a situational differentiation is needed. Thus through bilateralism, states can obtain more tailored agreements and obligations that only apply to particular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Embassy Of Peru, Madrid
The Embassy of Peru in Madrid is the foremost diplomatic mission of Peru in Spain. The current ambassador is Walter Gutiérrez. Spain also maintains an Embassy in Lima, headed by its Ambassador, Alejandro Alvargonzález San Martín. History Both countries officially established relations on August 15, 1879, under Alfonso XII and have since maintained diplomatic relations with a brief exception during the years 1936 to 1939 as a result of the Spanish blockade of the embassy during the Spanish Civil War due to the influx of refugees at the time. When the Peruvian embassy in Rabat ''de facto'' closed in 1973 due to a lack of a ''chargé d'affaires'', the embassy in Madrid became accredited to the North African country. After Peru established relations with the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, the Moroccan government began a diplomatic campaign which led to the embassy reopening in 1986, with both countries strengthening their relations. The embassy was formerly located at buil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ollanta Humala
Lieutenant colonel Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso (; born 27 June 1962) is a Peruvian politician and former military officer who served as President of Peru from 2011 to 2016. Originally a socialist and left-wing nationalist, he is considered to have shifted towards neoliberalism and the political centre during his presidency. Born to a prominent political family affiliated with the ethnocacerist movement, Humala is the son of famed Quechua labour lawyer Isaac Humala. Humala entered the Peruvian Army in 1981, eventually achieving the rank of lieutenant colonel. During his time in the military, he fought in the internal conflict against left-wing terrorist group Shining Path as well as in the Cenepa War with neighboring Ecuador. In October 2000, Humala attempted an unsuccessful coup d'etat against President Alberto Fujimori during the dying days of his regime; eventually, the Congress of the Republic of Peru granted him amnesty and Humala was allowed to return to military duty. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presidency Of Ollanta Humala
Ollanta Humala began his presidency when he was sworn into the office of President of the Republic of Peru on 28 July 2011. On the same day, he represented his cabinet, headed by the non-partisan Salomón Lerner Ghitis. On 10 December 2011, Lerner stepped down, following fierce protests against a mining project. He was replaced by Interior Minister Oscar Valdés. The next day, Valdés presented a new cabinet, having replaced eleven ministers. Humala's Second Vice President Omar Chehade Omar Karim Chehade Moya ( ar, عمر كريم شحادة مويا; Lima, 8 November 1970) is a Peruvian lawyer and politician. He worked as consultant lawyer in the Ad Hoc Anti-corruption Prosecution in judicial cases against former president A ... was temporarily suspended by Congress on 5 December 2011, facing corruption allegations. On 16 January 2012, Chehade resigned permanently. First Cabinet Second Cabinet {{Humala Cabinet [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1995 Peruvian General Election
General elections were held in Peru on 9 April 1995,Dieter Nohlen (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume II'', p454 the first under the 1993 constitution. Incumbent President Alberto Fujimori was easily re-elected with 64.4% of the vote defeating former UN Secretary General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, whilst his Cambio 90- New Majority alliance won a majority of seats in the newly unicameral Congress. Results President Congress References Elections in Peru Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Fi ... 1995 in Peru Presidential elections in Peru {{Peru-election-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Investiture
Investiture (from the Latin preposition ''in'' and verb ''vestire'', "dress" from ''vestis'' "robe") is a formal installation or ceremony that a person undergoes, often related to membership in Christian religious institutes as well as Christian knighthoods or damehoods, in addition to government offices. In an investiture, a person may receive an outward sign of their membership, such as their religious habit, an ecclesiastical decoration (as with chivalric orders) or a scapular (as with confraternities); they may be given the authority and regalia of a high office. Investiture can include formal dress and adornment such as robes of state or headdress, or other regalia such as a throne or seat of office. An investiture is also often part of a coronation rite or enthronement. Christianity Religious institutes Investiture indicates in religious orders the usually ceremonial handing over of the religious habit to a new novice. The investiture usually takes place upon admissio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alberto Fujimori
Alberto Kenya Fujimori Inomoto ( or ; born 28 July 1938) is a Peruvian politician, professor and former engineer who was President of Peru from 28 July 1990 until 22 November 2000. Frequently described as a dictator, * * * * * * he remains a controversial figure in Peruvian politics; his government is credited with the creation of Fujimorism, defeating the Shining Path insurgency and restoring Peru's macroeconomic stability, though Fujimori ended his presidency by fleeing Peru for Japan amid a major scandal involving corruption and human rights abuses. Even amid his prosecution in 2008 for crimes against humanity relating to his presidency, two-thirds of Peruvians polled voiced approval for his leadership in that period. A Peruvian of Japanese descent, Fujimori took refuge in Japan when faced with charges of corruption in 2000. On arriving in Japan, he attempted to resign his presidency via fax, but his resignation was rejected by Congress, which preferred to remove him ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francisco Tudela
Francisco Antonio Gregorio Tudela van Breugel-Douglas (born 20 July 1955) is a Peruvian scholar, diplomat and politician. A former Fujimorist politician and diplomat, he briefly served as the First Vice President of Peru between 28 July 2000 to 21 November 2000, during the brief third term of Alberto Fujimori and also as a Congressman between 2000 and 2001. He also served as Minister of Foreign Affairs during the Fujimori administration and as a member of the Democratic Constituent Congress between 1992 and 1995. Early life and education The first of three children, Tudela was born in Lima into an upper class family. His father, Felipe Tudela y Barreda, served as ambassador and his grandfather was a Prime Minister. His mother was jonkvrouw Vera van Breugel Douglas (1929–†), daughter of the baron Casper van Breugel Douglas (1896–1982, member of the Dutch nobility), first Netherlands Ambassador accredited to the Soviet Union. Tudela has Romanian roots on his ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southern Provinces
The Southern Provinces ( ar, الأقاليم الجنوبية, Al-Aqalim al-Janubiyah, french: Provinces du Sud) or Moroccan Sahara ( ar, الصحراء المغربية, Assahra al-Maghribiya, french: Sahara marocain) are the terms used by the Moroccan government for the disputed territory of Western Sahara. These two Moroccan terms explicitly include all of Western Sahara, which spans three of the country's 12 top-level administrative regions. A frequent use of the term "Southern Provinces" is found for example in Moroccan state television (such as weather forecasts, displayed maps on the news, and government statements). Background Western Sahara was previously a Spanish colony known as the Spanish Sahara. Towards the 1970s, Spain faced increasing pressure from Morocco to hand over the territory, culminating in the Green March, a mass demonstration coordinated by the Moroccan government that was launched on November 6, 1975. The Green March was organized to pressure Spa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfonso Barrantes
Alfonso Barrantes Lingán (San Miguel de Pallaques, November 27, 1927 – Havana, December 2, 2000) was a Peruvian politician in the mid-1980s who served as Mayor of Lima from 1984 to 1986. He ran for President of Peru two times, losing on both occasions. Early life and education He was born in San Miguel Province, Cajamarca, Peru in 1927. He lived with his mother in the Lima Province of San Miguel. He studied law at the National University of San Marcos and became involved with the APRA party which eventually became his political enemy. He became president of the Student Association. Political career Mayor of Lima Affiliated with the United Left Party, he was the mayor of Lima from 1984 to 1986. During his mayoral term, he was known as ''El Frejolito'' (Little Bean) and was known for his campaign to ensure a daily glass of milk for every child in Lima. This program still survives today. His Lieutenant Mayor was Henry Pease. Presidential campaign He ran for President o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chargé D'affaires
A ''chargé d'affaires'' (), plural ''chargés d'affaires'', often shortened to ''chargé'' (French) and sometimes in colloquial English to ''charge-D'', is a diplomat who serves as an embassy's chief of mission in the absence of the ambassador. The term is French for "charged with business", meaning they are responsible for the duties of an ambassador. ''Chargé'' is masculine in gender; the feminine form is ''chargée d'affaires''. A ''chargé'' enjoys the same privileges and immunities as an ambassador under international law, and normally these extend to their aides too. However, ''chargés d'affaires'' are outranked by ambassadors and have lower precedence at formal diplomatic events. In most cases, a diplomat serves as a ''chargé d'affaires'' on a temporary basis in the absence of the ambassador. In unusual situations, in cases where disputes between the two countries make it impossible or undesirable to send agents of a higher diplomatic rank, a ''chargé d'affaires'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
De Facto
''De facto'' ( ; , "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, whether or not they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms. It is commonly used to refer to what happens in practice, in contrast with '' de jure'' ("by law"), which refers to things that happen according to official law, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. History In jurisprudence, it mainly means "practiced, but not necessarily defined by law" or "practiced or is valid, but not officially established". Basically, this expression is opposed to the concept of "de jure" (which means "as defined by law") when it comes to law, management or technology (such as standards) in the case of creation, development or application of "without" or "against" instructions, but in accordance with "with practice". When legal situations are discussed, "de jure" means "expressed by law", while "de facto" means action or what is practiced. Similar expressions: "essentially", "unofficial", " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
