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Persian Legislative Election, 1909
Parliamentary elections were held for the second time in Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ... in 1909. The new Parliament convened on 19 November. Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) ''Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I'', p73 The majority of the parliament was held by a some 53-seats coalition pioneered by Moderate Socialists Party. References 1909 in Iran 1909 elections in Asia National Consultative Assembly elections 2nd term of the Iranian Majlis Politics of Qajar Iran {{Iran-election-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliament Of Iran
The Islamic Consultative Assembly ( fa, مجلس شورای اسلامی, Majles-e Showrā-ye Eslāmī), also called the Iranian Parliament, the Iranian Majles (Arabicised spelling Majlis) or ICA, is the national legislative body of Iran. The Parliament currently consists of 290 representatives, an increase from the previous 272 seats since the 18 February 2000 election. The most recent election took place on 21 February 2020 and the new parliament convened on 28 May 2020. History Islamic Republic of Iran After the Iranian Revolution of 1979, the Senate of Iran was abolished and was effectively replaced by the Guardian Council thus the Iranian legislature remained bicameral. In the 1989 revision of the constitution, the ''National Consultative Assembly'' became the ''Islamic Consultative Assembly''. The Parliament of Iran has had six chairmen since the Iranian Revolution. Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani was the first chairman, from 1980 to 1989. Then came Mehdi Karroubi (1989–199 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Majlis Research Center
The Research Center of Islamic legislative Assembly () is the research arm of the Iranian parliament (Majlis). This center works primarily and directly for members of the Iranian parliament, their committees and staff on a confidential, nonpartisan basis. Its president is Babak Negahdari since 5 September 2021. This center has access to the classified information of the Foreign Ministry, Intelligence Ministry and Defense Ministry of Iran. Objectives and duties of Parliament (Majlis) Research Center According to "Job Description of Parliament (Majlis) Research Center" Act, the aim of establishing the center is to carry out research projects in order to provide expertise and advisory opinions to the representatives, the Commission and Parliament's executive board. According to Article (2) of Job Description of Majlis Research Center Act, its functions are as follows: # Study and provide expert opinions on all bills # Collect, review, and adjust the opinions of academic resea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moderate Socialists Party
Moderate Socialists ( fa, اجتماعیون اعتدالیون, Ejtemāʿīyūn-e eʿtedālīyūn) or simply Moderates Party ( fa, فرقه اعتدالیون), was a political party in Qajari Persia and one of the two major parties of the constitutional period alongside its parliamentary rival Social Democratic Party– Democrat Party. It was Iran's first right-wing political party. Members The party membership consisted largely of landowners, constitutionalist ulema and bazaaris. It espoused the traditional middle-class and landed aristocracy. Notable members and supporters were: * Sayyed Mohammad Tabatabai * Sayyed Abdullah Behbahani * Ali-Mohammad Dawlatabadi * Mohammad Vali Khan Tonekaboni * Abdol-Hossein Farmanfarma * Abolqasem Naser al-Molk * Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda * Mohammad Mossadegh Views The party claimed to uphold the principles of Islam, proposing military, judicial, and economic reforms, as well as strengthening the constitutional monarchy, convening the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democrat Party (Persia)
The Democrat Party ( fa, فرقه دموکرات) was a social democrat political party in Qajari Persia, during the constitutional period. It was one of two major parliamentary parties at the time, along with the Moderate Socialists Party. It was largely composed of middle-class intellectuals and stood for the separation of church and state. History Initially an offshoot of the Transcaucasia-based Social Democratic Party, it severed direct ties with Baku Baku (, ; az, Bakı ) is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. Baku is located below sea level, which makes it the lowest lying national capital in the world a ... and dropped "Social" from the name in deference to the conservative public. Its ideology, however, remained heavily borrowed from the old party. In 1918, the party split definitively into the ''Pro-Reorganization Democrats'' ( fa, دموکراتهای تشکیلی, Demokr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union And Progress Party (Persia)
Union and Progress Party or Unity and Progress Party ( fa, حزب اتفاق و ترقی, Ḥezb-e Ettefāq wa taraqqī) was a political party in constitutional period Persia. In the 1909 Persian legislative election, they won 4 seats and allied with the Moderate Socialists Party Moderate Socialists ( fa, اجتماعیون اعتدالیون, Ejtemāʿīyūn-e eʿtedālīyūn) or simply Moderates Party ( fa, فرقه اعتدالیون), was a political party in Qajari Persia and one of the two major parties of the const ... against Democrat Party. The party's line had little resemblance to that of the Young Turks and contained some socialist demands. Most of the party's supporters were active in the countrysides. References 1908 establishments in Iran Defunct socialist parties in Iran Political parties established in 1908 Political parties in Qajar Iran {{Iran-party-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donya-e-Eqtesad
''Donya-e-Eqtesad'' ( fa, دنیای اقتصاد meaning "the World of Economics" in Persian) is an Iranian daily newspaper and book publisher. History and profile ''Donya-e-Eqtesad'' was founded in October 2002, and it has been published and circulated in Iran since then. This economic daily is among the most circulated newspapers in Iran. ''Payvand''. December 2009. Donya-e-Eqtesad is considered to be an advocate of free markets, and does not have any formal affiliation with the government of Iran. It is a moderate critique of the government economic policies. Its main competitor was '' Sarmayeh'' newspaper. ''Donya-e-Eqtesad'' regularly con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Society For The Progress Of Iran
Society of the Supporters for Progress, Society for the Progress of Iran or Society of the Seekers of Advancement of Iran ( fa, جمعیت ترقیخواهان ایران, Jamʿīyat-e Taraqqiḵāhān-e Irān) or simply the Progressives, also known as the Liberals ( fa, آزادیخواهان, Āzādīḵᵛāhān) was a political party in constitutional period Persia and was active during the 2nd term of the Majlis, 1909–1911. Progressives championed the development of the southern provinces of Persia and consisted of MPs representing the southerners. They promoted the building of hospitals, women's education and regarded Persian as "the official and scholarly" language of Iran. Its organ ''Jonub'' () was printed in Tehran and usually criticized the Bakhtiari, and held the view that the Iranian government did not understand the importance of the Persian Gulf region. The newspaper defended democracy and civil rights and explained that the "level of progress of any ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Iran
The Prime Minister of Iran was a political post that had existed in Iran (Persia) during much of the 20th century. It began in 1906 during the Qajar dynasty and into the start of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1923 and into the 1979 Iranian Revolution before being abolished in 1989. History of the office Qajar era In the Qajar era, prime ministers were known by different titles. The post itself was mainly known as ''ataabak'' or ''ataabak-e a'zam'' (grand ''ataabak''), or sometimes ''sadr-e a'zam'' (premier) at the beginning, but became ''ra'is ol-vozaraa'' (head of ministers) at the end. The title of ''nakhost vazir'' (prime minister) was rarely used. The prime minister was usually called by the honorific title ''hazrat-e ashraf''. Reza Khan Sardar Sepah became the last prime minister of the Qajar dynasty in 1923. For a list of Iranian 'prime ministers' prior to 1907 see List of Grand Viziers of Persia. Pahlavi era In 1925, Reza Shah became Shah of Iran. He installed Mohammad-Ali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Vali Khan Tonekaboni
Mohammad-Vali Khan, Khalatbari Tonekāboni ( fa, محمدولیخان تنکابنی; 1846 – 18 September 1926), known as Sepahdar A'zam, was the leader of the constitutionalist revolutionary forces from Iran's Northern provinces of Gilan and Mazandaran and known as one of the greatest statesmen and military commanders of Persian history as well as its wealthiest nobleman. Biography He served as colonel for ten years and became Minister of Post and Telegraph as well as Minister of Customs where he was in charge of all imports into and exports out of the Persian empire. Later he became Minister of Treasury where he was singlehandedly in charge of the entire country's coin issue. He also held the title of Minister of Defence and was Prime Minister for four terms. His highest military title was Commander in Chief. He was of the Khalatbari family. As an ethnic Persian, Sepahsalar Khalatbari was the only leader who was able to restore security inside Persia by controlling ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan to the north, by Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east, and by the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. It covers an area of , making it the 17th-largest country. Iran has a population of 86 million, making it the 17th-most populous country in the world, and the second-largest in the Middle East. Its largest cities, in descending order, are the capital Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Karaj, Shiraz, and Tabriz. The country is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BC. It was first unified by the Medes, an ancient Iranian people, in the seventh century BC, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BC, when Cyrus the Great fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dieter Nohlen
Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expert on electoral system An electoral system or voting system is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections ma ...s and political development, he has published several books. IDEA Bibliography Books published by Nohlen include: *''Electoral systems of the world'' (in German, 1978) *''Lexicon of politics'' (seven volumes) *''Elections and Electoral Systems'' (1996) *''Electi ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University. Its mission is to disseminate scholarship within academia and society at large. The press was founded by Whitney Darrow, with the financial support of Charles Scribner, as a printing press to serve the Princeton community in 1905. Its distinctive building was constructed in 1911 on William Street in Princeton. Its first book was a new 1912 edition of John Witherspoon's ''Lectures on Moral Philosophy.'' History Princeton University Press was founded in 1905 by a recent Princeton graduate, Whitney Darrow, with financial support from another Princetonian, Charles Scribner II. Darrow and Scribner purchased the equipment and assumed the operations of two already existing local publishers, that of the ''Princeton Alumni Weekly'' and the Princeton Press. The new press printed both local newspapers, university documents, ''The Daily Princetonian'', and later added book publishing to it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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