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Permesta
Permesta was a rebel movement in Indonesia, its name based on the Universal Struggle Charter (or ''Piagam Perjuangan Semesta'') that was declared on 2 March 1957 by civil and military leaders in East Indonesia. Initially the center of the movement was in Makassar, which at that time was the capital of the province of Sulawesi. However, support for the movement in South Sulawesi gradually dissipated, forcing the headquarters to move to Manado in North Sulawesi. On 17 February 1958, Permesta joined forces with the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PRRI or ''Pemerintah Revolusioner Republik Indonesia'') based in Sumatra that declared a revolutionary government two days earlier. Following successful attacks by government forces ( TNI) from the Indonesian central government on the PRRI in Sumatra, the conflict swung to the east where the Permesta rebels were based. Manado was captured at the end of June 1958. However, the Permesta rebels continued their resistanc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Permesta Rebellion
Permesta was a rebel movement in Indonesia, its name based on the Universal Struggle Charter (or ''Piagam Perjuangan Semesta'') that was declared on 2 March 1957 by civil and military leaders in East Indonesia. Initially the center of the movement was in Makassar, which at that time was the capital of the province of Sulawesi. However, support for the movement in South Sulawesi gradually dissipated, forcing the headquarters to move to Manado in North Sulawesi. On 17 February 1958, Permesta joined forces with the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PRRI or ''Pemerintah Revolusioner Republik Indonesia'') based in Sumatra that declared a revolutionary government two days earlier. Following successful attacks by government forces ( TNI) from the Indonesian central government on the PRRI in Sumatra, the conflict swung to the east where the Permesta rebels were based. Manado was captured at the end of June 1958. However, the Permesta rebels continued their resistanc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Evert Kawilarang
Alexander Evert Kawilarang (23 February 1920 – 6 June 2000) was an Indonesian freedom fighter, military commander, and founder of ''Kesko TT'', what would become the Indonesian special forces unit Kopassus. However, in 1958 he resigned his post as military attaché to the United States to join the separatist Permesta movement where he encountered Kopassus as his opponent. His involvement in Permesta damaged his military career, but he remained popular and active in the armed forces community. Early life Kawilarang was born in Batavia (now known as Jakarta) on 23 February 1920. His father, Alexander Herman Hermanus Kawilarang, was a major in the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (KNIL or ''Koninklijk Nederlands Indisch Leger''). His mother was Nelly Betsy Mogot. Both parents were from the Minahasa region in North Sulawesi. Kawilarang enjoyed European style education that included attending the Dutch secondary school (HBS or '' Hogere burgerschool'') in Bandung. Around 1940, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Jusuf
Andi Mohammad Jusuf Amir (23 June 1928 – 8 September 2004), more commonly known as M. Jusuf, was an Indonesian military general and a witness to the signing of the Supersemar document transferring power from President Sukarno to General Suharto. Early life Jusuf was born in Kayuara, Bone, South Sulawesi on 23 June 1928. Not much is known about Jusuf's early life other than the fact he was a Bugis aristocrat as witnessed by the titular name "Andi" in front of his name. Jusuf would later denounce his aristocratic background by dropping Andi from his name. Military career The Indonesian National Revolution When Nationalist leaders, Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta proclaimed Indonesia's Independence on 17 August 1945, Jusuf showed his support by joining the Devotion of the Indonesian People from Sulawesi (KRIS). Towards the end of 1945, with the Dutch Government preparing to retake Indonesia, Jusuf and his fellow KRIS members sailed for Java to join in the fighting. Jusuf actually ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joop Warouw
Jacob Frederick Warouw (8 September 1917 – 15 October 1960), also known as Joop Warouw, was a military officer involved in the Indonesian National Revolution. After the revolution, his appointments include Commander of VII/East Indonesia Military Territory ( id, Tentara dan Teritorium (TT) VII/Indonesia Timur) and Military Attaché in Beijing. He was subsequently involved in the Permesta movement that sought greater regional autonomy from the central government in Java. He was killed by a fractious unit toward the end of the movement. Struggle for Indonesian Independence Before World War II, Warouw was part of the Dutch colonial army (KNIL). After the war and upon the proclamation of Indonesian independence, Warouw was involved in organizing and became deputy leader of the "Republic of Indonesia Youth of Sulawesi" militia ( id, Pemuda Republik Indonesia Sulawesi (PERISAI)) in Surabaya. This group was also known as the "Loyalty of the Indonesian People from Sulawesi" ( id, Keb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Sulawesi
North Sulawesi ( id, Sulawesi Utara) is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the Minahasa Peninsula of Sulawesi, south of the Philippines and southeast of Sabah, Malaysia. It borders the Philippine province of Davao Occidental and Soccsksargen regions of the Philippines to the north, the Maluku Sea to the east, Gorontalo and Celebes Sea to the west and the Gulf of Tomini to the southwest. With Miangas, it is the northernmost province of Indonesia. The province's area is , and its population was 2,270,596 according to the 2010 census; this rose to 2,621,923 at the 2020 Census, while the official estimate as at mid 2021 was 2,638,631. The province's capital and largest city is Manado, which is also the main gateway and the economic center of the province. Other major towns includes Tomohon and Bitung in the northern (Minahasa) half of the province, and Kotamobagu in the southern (Bolaang Mongondow) half. There are 41 mountains with an altitude ranging from . Most geologic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian Navy
The Indonesian Navy ( id, Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut, , Indonesian National Military-Naval Force, TNI-AL) is the naval branch of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. It was founded on 10 September 1945 and has a role to patrol Indonesia's lengthy coastline, to enforce and patrol the territorial waters and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Indonesia, to protect Indonesia's maritime strategic interests, to protect the islands surrounding Indonesia, and to defend against seaborne threats. The Navy is headed by the Chief of Staff of the Navy ( – KSAL or KASAL). The Indonesian Navy consists of three major fleets known as " Armada", which are (1st Fleet Command) located in Jakarta, (2nd Fleet Command) located in Surabaya, (3rd Fleet Command) located in Sorong, and one (Military Sealift Command). The Navy also heads the Marine Corps. All commissioned ships of the TNI-AL have the prefix ''KRI'', standing for (''Republic of Indonesia Ship'') and ''KAL'', standing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Government Of The Republic Of Indonesia
The Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia ( id, Pemerintah Revolusioner Republik Indonesia (PRRI)) was a revolutionary government set up in Sumatra to oppose the central government of Indonesia in 1958. Although frequently referred to as the PRRI/Permesta rebellion, the Permesta rebels were a separate movement in Sulawesi, that had pledged allegiance with the PRRI on 17 February 1958. Background: Rebellion of the colonels Prior to the establishment of the PRRI, there were several "rebellions" led by the various regional Army commanders in Sumatra. These events were the result of growing dissatisfaction with the Central Government and Indonesia's faltering economic development. The Central Government was seen by some in the outer islands (i.e. outside of Java) as disconnected from the Indonesian people. Some Army commands in the outer islands began covertly operating smuggling operations of Copra and contraband items to improve their financial position. These opera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manado
Manado () is the capital City status in Indonesia, city of the Indonesian Provinces of Indonesia, province of North Sulawesi. It is the second largest city in Sulawesi after Makassar, with the 2020 Census giving a population of 451,916 distributed over a land area of 162.53 km2.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. The Manado metropolitan area has a population of 1.2 million as of 2018. The city is located adjacent to the Bay of Manado, and is surrounded by a mountainous area. Manado is among Indonesia's top-five tourism priorities. The city is served by Sam Ratulangi International Airport, which has direct international flights to the Philippines, Singapore, and China, as well as many domestic destinations. Bunaken National Park is one of the city's most famous tourist attractions. The city is also known for its Christians, Christian-majority population, and holds the country's biggest Christmas celebration annually. It is also recognised as one of the most tolerant and p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian National Armed Forces
, founded = as the ('People's Security Forces') , current_form = , disbanded = , branches = , headquarters = Cilangkap, Jakarta , website = , commander-in-chief = Joko Widodo , commander-in-chief_title = Commander-in-Chief , chief minister = Mahfud MD , chief minister_title = Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs , minister = Lt. Gen. (ret.) Prabowo Subianto , minister_title = Minister of Defence , commander = Admiral Yudo Margono , commander_title = Commander of the Armed Forces , age = 17 , conscription = No , manpower_data = 2016 , manpower_age = , available = 131,000,000 , available_f = , fit = 108,000,000 , fit_f = , reaching = 4,500,000 , reaching_f = , active = 400,000 , ranked = 13th , reserve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Governors Of Sulawesi ...
The province of Sulawesi was a province in Indonesia that was established after the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence in 1945. It was separated into the province of North and Central Sulawesi and the province of South and Southeast Sulawesi in 1960. Governors of Sulawesi Governors after the Province of Sulawesi was dissolved References {{Reflist Sulawesi Sulawesi Sulawesi (), also known as Celebes (), is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater Sunda Islands, and the world's eleventh-largest island, it is situated east of Borneo, west of the Maluku Islands, and south of Mindanao and the Sulu Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ventje Sumual
Herman Nicolas Ventje Sumual (11 June 1923 – 28 March 2010) was a military officer involved in the Indonesian National Revolution. His appointments include regional commander of KODAM VII/Wirabuana, but he is best known as the leader of the Permesta Permesta was a rebel movement in Indonesia, its name based on the Universal Struggle Charter (or ''Piagam Perjuangan Semesta'') that was declared on 2 March 1957 by civil and military leaders in East Indonesia. Initially the center of the movem ... movement. References * Matindas, Benny, and Supit, Bert (1998) ''Ventje Sumual, Pemimpin Yang Menatap Hanya Ke Depan: Biografi Seorang Patriot, Filsuf, Gembong Pemberontak (Ventje Sumual, a Leader that only Looks Forward: A biography of a Patriot, Philosopher, Rebel)'', Bina Insani, Jakarta {{DEFAULTSORT:Sumual, Ventje 1923 births 2010 deaths People from Manado Indonesian Christians Minahasa people People from Minahasa Regency Indonesian military personnel Indonesian re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomohon
Tomohon is a city in North Sulawesi ('' Sulawesi Utara'') Province, in central Indonesia. It covers an area of 147.21 km2, and had a population of 91,553 at the 2010 Census,Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. rising to 100,587 at the 2020 Census. Tomohon was formerly a part of the Minahasa Regency in North Sulawesi, but it officially became a city separated from the Regency, inaugurated on 4 August 2003. Tomohon is known for flower planting at people's homes. Nearby is the volcano ''Gunung Lokon'' or Mount Lokon and Mount Empung. Tomohon is also known for wooden-house production, palm-sugar (''aren'' ) production, vegetable agriculture, as a center of Christian Ministry, and as a student town. History Tomohon has been written of in several historical records. One of them was found in the ethnographic works of Reverend Nicolaas Graafland, written on 14 January 1864. He described a heart-capturing country on the Minahasa highland in Northern Celebes (''Sulawesi'') called ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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