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Peeters Directive
The Peeters directive ( nl, Omzendbrief-Peeters, french: Circulaire Peeters), officially Circular BA 97/22 of 16 December 1997 concerning the use of languages in municipal councils of the Dutch language area, is a ''circulaire'' of the Flemish government regulating the use of languages in municipal councils in the Flemish Region (Belgium), where the sole official language is Dutch. The directive is more in particular aimed at the municipalities with language facilities bordering the Brussels Capital-Region. It stipulates that each and every time French-speakers deal with the government, they must explicitly ask for their documents to be in French. The circular caused national political commotion and reflects the conflicting perception of language facilities in Dutch and French-speaking public opinion. The non-appointment of three mayors of municipalities with language facilities – refused by the Flemish government because they repeatedly ignored the Peeters (and Keulen) directive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flemish Government
The Flemish Government ( nl, Vlaamse regering ) is the executive branch of the Flemish Community and the Flemish Region of Belgium. It consists of a government cabinet, headed by the Minister-President and accountable to the Flemish Parliament, and the public administration (civil service) divided into 13 policy areas, each with an executive department and multiple agencies. The Flemish Government cabinet consists of up to a maximum of eleven ministers, chosen by the Flemish Parliament. At least one minister must come from Brussels. The ministers are drawn from the political parties which, in practice, form the governing coalition. The Government is chaired by the Flemish Minister-President. Ministers head executive departments of the government administration. Ministers must defend their policies and performance in person before the Flemish Parliament. The Flemish Government must receive and keep the confidence of the Flemish Parliament. Until 1993 the Flemish Government was ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Language Legislation In Belgium
This article outlines the legislative chronology concerning the use of official languages in Belgium. 1830: Freedom of languages and linguistic correction A factor in the Belgian Revolution of the 1830s was the rising dominance of the Dutch language in the southern provinces of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. A conflict arose between the citizenry of the Flemish provinces who wished to engage with the authorities in Dutch, and the largely francophone aristocracy of the southern provinces which became modern-day Belgium. While the Belgian Constitution guaranteed "freedom of language", in practice the authorities, including government institutions such as the courts, were dominated by the French-speaking upper classes, and operated in French. This bias disadvantaged the largely Flemish North and, to a lesser degree, the Walloons of the South and the mainly German- or Luxembourgish-speaking environs of Arlon. As universal education developed in Belgium, the French language wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communities, Regions And Language Areas Of Belgium
Belgium is a federal state comprising three communities and three regions that are based on four language areas. For each of these subdivision types, the subdivisions together make up the entire country; in other words, the types overlap. The language areas were established by the Second Gilson Act, which entered into force on 2 August 1963. The division into language areas was included in the Belgian Constitution in 1970. Through constitutional reforms in the 1970s and 1980s, regionalisation of the unitary state led to a three-tiered federation: federal, regional, and community governments were created, a compromise designed to minimize linguistic, cultural, social, and economic tensions. Schematic overview This is a schematic overview of the basic federal structure of Belgium as defined by Title I of the Belgian Constitution. Each of the entities either have their own parliament and government (for the federal state, the communities and the regions) or their own council a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Language Border
A language border or language boundary is the line separating two language areas. The term is generally meant to imply a lack of mutual intelligibility between the two languages. If two adjacent languages or dialects are mutually intelligible, no firm border will develop, because the two languages can continually exchange linguistic inventions; this is known as a dialect continuum. A "language island" is a language area that is completely surrounded by a language border. Important concepts The concept of mutual intelligibility is vague. More important, it can be difficult for non-native speakers to distinguish one language from one another similar one. Furthermore, there is no clear definition of what constitutes a language: for instance some languages share writing systems but are spoken differently, while others are identical when spoken but are written using different alphabets. For example, different "dialects" of Chinese use the same characters with the same meanings, but t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senate Of Belgium
The Senate ( nl, Senaat, ; french: Sénat, ; german: Senat) is one of the two chambers of the bicameral Federal Parliament of Belgium, the other being the Chamber of Representatives. It is considered to be the "upper house" of the Federal Parliament. Created in 1831 as a chamber fully equal to the Chamber of Representatives, it has undergone several reforms in the past, most notably in 1993 and 2014. The 2014 elections were the first without a direct election of senators. Instead, the new Senate is composed of members of community and regional parliaments and co-opted members. It is a chamber of the communities and regions and serves as a platform for discussion and reflection about matters between these federated entities. The Senate today plays a minor role in the federal legislative process. However, the Senate, together with the Chamber, has full competence for the Constitution and legislation on the organization and functioning of the Federal State and the federated entities ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linkebeek
Linkebeek (; ) is a Belgian municipality in Flanders, part of the province of Flemish Brabant, and in the administrative district of Halle-Vilvoorde. The municipality only comprises the town of Linkebeek proper. As of 1 January 2006, Linkebeek has a total population of 4,759. The total area is 4.15 km² which gives a population density of 1,147 inhabitants per km². Language and politics The official language is Dutch with French facilities. In 1954, these special linguistic rights or "facilities" were given to Francophones, who then constituted nearly 40% of the population according to the 1947 census. Nowadays, Francophones make up the majority of the population. Francophones can request official documents from the local administration in French, but the official language remains Dutch. There are also primary and nursery schools teaching in French. Since the 2012 municipal elections, the municipal council consists of 13 French-speaking councillors, led by Damien Thiér ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drogenbos
Drogenbos (; ) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant. The municipality only comprises the town of Drogenbos proper. On January 1, 2018, Drogenbos had a total population of 5,599. The total area is 2.49 km² (0.96 sq mi) which gives a population density of 2,248 inhabitants per km² (5,701/sq mi). The official language of Drogenbos is Dutch, as everywhere in Flanders. Local French-speakers (77% of the population) enjoy linguistic facilities. Famous inhabitants * Joseph Loeckx, comic artist, pseudonym Jo-El Azara * Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria, Duke of Bavaria * Felix De Boeck (1898 - 1995), painter. A museum has been opened in 1995 with the work of Felix De Boeck. References External links * Official website- Information available in Dutch Dutch commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands * Dutch people () * Dutch language () Dutch may also refer to: Places * Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kraainem
Kraainem (; sometimes unofficially spelt ''Crainhem'' in French, ) is a municipality in the province of Flemish Brabant, in Flanders, one of the three regions of Belgium. The municipality only comprises the town of Kraainem proper. On January 1, 2006, Kraainem had a total population of 13,150. The total area is 5.80 km² which gives a population density of 2,266 inhabitants per km². Kraainem is a municipality with language facilities within Flanders, where the sole official language is Dutch. However, in 1963, special 'language facilities' were given to French-speaking inhabitants, when those were still a minority. They can request official documents from the local administration in French. Today, a majority of the inhabitants are French-speaking. Kraainem is one of the most affluent municipalities in Belgium. Urbanisation The forest of Stokkel belonged to the d'Huart family until the 1920s. When grandfather d'Huart died in 1927, his family decided to found "la Société ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wemmel
Wemmel (; ) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant. The municipality only comprises the town of Wemmel proper. On January 1, 2018, Wemmel had a total population of 16,347. The total area is 8.74 km² which gives a population density of 1,870 inhabitants per km². The official language is Dutch, as everywhere in Flanders. In 1954, however, special linguistic ''facilities'' were given to local French-speakers. Although outside the Brussels-Capital Region, Wemmel is sometimes considered part of the suburbs of Brussels. The Brussels orbital motorway, known as the ''ring'', cuts through the southern part of the town. History The centre of Wemmel initially developed around the Sint-Servaaskerk ( nl, Church of Saint Servatius), because the ground there was best suited for building. Around the year 370, Frankish invaders drove out the ruling Romans, who had settled the area around the 2nd century AD. Wemmel eventually became part of the Duchy of Brabant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flemish Movement
The Flemish Movement ( nl, Vlaamse Beweging) is an umbrella term which encompasses various political groups in the Belgian region of Flanders and, less commonly, in French Flanders. Ideologically, it encompasses groups which have sought to promote Flemish culture and Dutch language as well as those who have sought greater political autonomy for Flanders within Belgium. It also encompasses nationalists who have sought the secession of Flanders from Belgium, either through outright independence or unification with the Netherlands. In the 19th century, the Flemish Movement emerged around a form of cultural patriotism which celebrated Flemish traditions and history and sought equal status for Dutch in the Belgian nation-state, often under the auspices of the Catholic Church. Although gaining many of its initial objectives, it became increasingly radical in the aftermath of World War I. Inspired by authoritarian and fascist politics, it was widely discredited for its association wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knack (magazine)
''Knack'' is a Belgian Dutch-language weekly news magazine covering local news, politics, sports, business, jobs, and community events. History and profile ''Knack'' was founded in 1971 as the first Dutch-language news magazine in the Belgium. The magazine was modelled on ''Time'', ''Newsweek'', ''Der Spiegel'' and ''L’Express''. ''Knack'' has a left-liberal stance. The owner of the magazine is Roularta Media Group. It is published weekly on Wednesdays. The headquarters of the magazine is in Brussels. It is Flemish equivalent of the French language news magazine ''Le Vif/L’Express'' which is also owned by Roularta Media Group. Both magazines are published by Roularta Printing, a subsidiary of the Roularta Media Group. ''Knack'' has several supplements, ''Knack Weekend'', ''Focus Knack'' and '' Mondiaal Nieuws'', an alternative monthly news magazine. In 2010 ''Knack'' began to offer ''T'chin'', a health supplement, together with its sister magazine ''Le Vif/L’Express''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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