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Pea Enation Mosaic Virus 1
''Enamovirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family '' Solemoviridae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are five species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: pea enation disease: if both PEMV-1 and PEMV-2 are present. Taxonomy The following species are recognized: *''Alfalfa enamovirus 1'' *'' Birdsfoot trefoil enamovirus 1'' *''Citrus vein enation virus'' *''Grapevine enamovirus 1'' *''Pea enation mosaic virus Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) is really two plant pathogenic viruses. The two RNAs of the disease are now categorised as two separate, Mutualism (biology), mutualistic viruses: * Pea enation mosaic virus 1 is an ''Enamovirus'' * Pea enation ... 1'' Structure Viruses in ''Enamovirus'' are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and Spherical geometries, and T=3 symmetry. The diameter is around 25 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 5.7kb in length. Life cycle Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viruses
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898,Dimmock p. 4 more than 9,000 virus species have been described in detail of the millions of types of viruses in the environment. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity. The study of viruses is known as virology, a subspeciality of microbiology. When infected, a host cell is often forced to rapidly produce thousands of copies of the original virus. When not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent particles, or ''virions'', consisting of (i) the genetic material, i.e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solemoviridae
''Solemoviridae'' is a family of non-enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect plants. ''Solemoviridae'' is a member of the order ''Sobelivirales''. Structure Member viruses are non-enveloped and have a viral capsid with T=3 symmetry. Genome Solemoviruses have a positive-sense, single-strand RNA genome. The length of the genome is 4652 bp. The 3' terminus does not have a polyA-tail. The 5' terminus has a genome-linked viral protein (VPg). Taxonomy The family contains four genera and seven species unassigned to a genus: Genera: *'' Enamovirus'' *'' Polemovirus'' *''Polerovirus ''Polerovirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family '' Solemoviridae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 26 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: PLRV causes prominent rolling of the leaves of potato and a ...'' *'' Sobemovirus'' Species unassigned to a genus: *'' Barley yellow dwarf virus GPV'' *'' Barley yellow dwarf virus SGV'' *'' Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfalfa Enamovirus 1
Alfalfa () (''Medicago sativa''), also called lucerne, is a perennial flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae. It is cultivated as an important forage crop in many countries around the world. It is used for grazing, hay, and silage, as well as a green manure and cover crop. The name alfalfa is used in North America. The name lucerne is the more commonly used name in the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. The plant superficially resembles clover (a cousin in the same family), especially while young, when trifoliate leaves comprising round leaflets predominate. Later in maturity, leaflets are elongated. It has clusters of small purple flowers followed by fruits spiralled in 2 to 3 turns containing 10–20 seeds. Alfalfa is native to warmer temperate climates. It has been cultivated as livestock fodder since at least the era of the ancient Greeks and Romans. Etymology The word ''alfalfa'' is a Spanish modification of the Arabic word ''al-faṣfaṣa'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citrus Vein Enation Virus
''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes. The genus ''Citrus'' is native to South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and Australia. Various citrus species have been used and domesticated by indigenous cultures in these areas since ancient times. From there its cultivation spread into Micronesia and Polynesia by the Austronesian expansion (c. 3000–1500 BCE); and to the Middle East and the Mediterranean (c. 1200 BCE) via the incense trade route, and onwards to Europe and the Americas. History Citrus plants are native to subtropical and tropical regions of Asia, Island Southeast Asia, Near Oceania, and northeastern Australia. Domestication of citrus species involved much hybridization and introgression, leaving much uncertainty about when and where domestication first happened. A genomic, phylogenic, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grapevine Enamovirus 1
''Vitis'' (grapevine) is a genus of 79 accepted species of vining plants in the flowering plant family Vitaceae. The genus is made up of species predominantly from the Northern Hemisphere. It is economically important as the source of grapes, both for direct consumption of the fruit and for fermentation to produce wine. The study and cultivation of grapevines is called viticulture. Most cultivated ''Vitis'' varieties are wind-pollinated with hermaphroditic flowers containing both male and female reproductive structures, while wild species are dieceous. These flowers are grouped in bunches called inflorescences. In many species, such as ''Vitis vinifera'', each successfully pollinated flower becomes a grape berry with the inflorescence turning into a cluster of grapes. While the flowers of the grapevines are usually very small, the berries are often large and brightly colored with sweet flavors that attract birds and other animals to disperse the seeds contained within the berri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pea Enation Mosaic Virus
Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) is really two plant pathogenic viruses. The two RNAs of the disease are now categorised as two separate, Mutualism (biology), mutualistic viruses: * Pea enation mosaic virus 1 is an ''Enamovirus'' * Pea enation mosaic virus 2 is an ''Umbravirus'' They are spread by Green aphid, green- or pea aphids and affects such legumes as pea, alfalfa, Vicia faba, broadbean or sweet pea mostly in temperate regions. Symptoms include Chlorosis, chlorotic, translucent or Necrosis, necrotic lesions, malformation of leaves and stipules, and plant distortion. However, the most characteristic symptom is the formation of enations on the abaxial, i.e. downy, leaf side. Enations are derived from the cells of vascular bundles undergoing hyperplasia. References External linksICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Pea enation mosaic virus Viral pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
