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Pažaislis (Kaunas)
Pažaislis is a neighborhood ("territory") of Kaunas, Lithuania, within its Petrašiūnai eldership. It includes the Pažaislis Monastery. History The name Pažaislis is Lithuanization of Polish name , literally meaning "by Zajście", i.e. located at the mouth of the Zajście stream, a tributary of Neman.''Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland'', vol. VIIp. 960/ref> Originally, there were two so named places in the same area. One of them was a folwark owned by Krzysztof Zygmunt Pac. By the end of the 19th century it had 6 households with some 50–60 persons. Another was a manor ( pl, dwór) across Neman.''Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland'', vol. Ip. 5/ref> Originally it was owned by the Oborski family and Pac bought it from a Samuel Jan Oborski in 1664.Józef Wolff, ''Pacowie: materyjały historyczno-genealogiczne'', 188p. 160/ref> Initially, a wooden hermitage of Camaldolese was built there by Krzysztof Pac in 1664, on the hill called Mons Pacis in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaunas
Kaunas (; ; also see other names) is the second-largest city in Lithuania after Vilnius and an important centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and cultural life. Kaunas was the largest city and the centre of a county in the Duchy of Trakai of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Trakai Palatinate since 1413. In the Russian Empire, it was the capital of the Kaunas Governorate from 1843 to 1915. During the interwar period, it served as the temporary capital of Lithuania, when Vilnius was seized and controlled by Poland between 1920 and 1939. During that period Kaunas was celebrated for its rich cultural and academic life, fashion, construction of countless Art Deco and Lithuanian National Romanticism architectural-style buildings as well as popular furniture, the interior design of the time, and a widespread café culture. The city interwar architecture is regarded as among the finest examples of European Art Deco and has received the European Heritage Label. It contributed to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petrašiūnai Eldership
Petrašiūnai is a neighborhood in the eastern part of the Lithuanian city of Kaunas. Part of larger Petrašiūnai elderate which also consists with Amaliai, Palemonas and Naujasodis neighorhoods. In 2006 it occupied about 28.46 km², with a population of about 18,000. Parts of elderate is on Kaunas Reservoir Regional Park. Its eponymous estate was established in the 18th century, and it was the center of a volost. In 1946 it was incorporated into the city. After the Kaunas Hydroelectric Power Plant was built in 1960, it grew rapidly and became one of the city's industrial centers. The elderate borders Kaunas Reservoir and includes Pažaislis monastery ensemble. The elderate contains the Petrašiūnai cemetery Petrašiūnai Cemetery ( lt, Petrašiūnų kapinės) is Lithuania's premiere last resting place formally designated for graves of people influential in national history, politics, arts, and science. Location Petrašiūnai Cemetery is located abo ..., where many dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pažaislis Monastery
Pažaislis is a neighborhood ("territory") of Kaunas, Lithuania, within its Petrašiūnai eldership. It includes the Pažaislis Monastery. History The name Pažaislis is Lithuanization of Polish name , literally meaning "by Zajście", i.e. located at the mouth of the Zajście stream, a tributary of Neman.''Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland'', vol. VIIp. 960/ref> Originally, there were two so named places in the same area. One of them was a folwark owned by Krzysztof Zygmunt Pac. By the end of the 19th century it had 6 households with some 50–60 persons. Another was a manor ( pl, dwór) across Neman.''Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland'', vol. Ip. 5/ref> Originally it was owned by the Oborski family and Pac bought it from a Samuel Jan Oborski in 1664.Józef Wolff, ''Pacowie: materyjały historyczno-genealogiczne'', 188p. 160/ref> Initially, a wooden hermitage of Camaldolese was built there by Krzysztof Pac in 1664, on the hill called Mons Pacis in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithuanization
Lithuanization (or Lithuanianization) is a process of cultural assimilation, where Lithuanian culture or its language is voluntarily or forcibly adopted. History The Lithuanian annexation of Ruthenian lands between the 13th and 15th centuries was accompanied by some Lithuanization. A large part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania remained Ruthenian; due to religious, linguistic and cultural dissimilarity, there was less assimilation between the ruling nobility of the pagan Lithuanians and the conquered Orthodox East Slavs. After the military and diplomatic expansion of the duchy into Ruthenian (Kievan Rus') lands, local leaders retained autonomy which limited the amalgamation of cultures. When some localities received appointed Gediminids (rulers), the Lithuanian nobility in Ruthenia largely embraced Slavic customs and Orthodox Christianity and became indistinguishable from Ruthenian nobility. The cultures merged; many upper-class Ruthenians merged with the Lithuanian nobility and bega ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neman
The Neman, Nioman, Nemunas or MemelTo bankside nations of the present: Lithuanian: be, Нёман, , ; russian: Неман, ''Neman''; past: ger, Memel (where touching Prussia only, otherwise Nieman); lv, Nemuna; et, Neemen; pl, Niemen; ; uk, Німан, ''Niman'' is a river in Europe that rises in central Belarus and flows through Lithuania then forms the northern border of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia's western exclave, which specifically follows its southern channel. It drains into the Curonian Lagoon, narrowly connected to the Baltic Sea. It flows about , so is considered a major Eastern European river. It flows generally west to Grodno within of the Polish border, north to Kaunas, then westward again to the sea. The largest river in Lithuania, and the third-largest in Belarus, it is navigable for most of its length. It starts from two small headwaters merging about southwest of the town of Uzda – about southwest of capital city Minsk. Only , an eastward me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geographical Dictionary Of The Kingdom Of Poland
The Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland and other Slavic Countries ( pl, Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich) is a monumental Polish gazetteer, published 1880–1902 in Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ... by Filip Sulimierski, Bronisław Chlebowski, Władysław Walewski and others. External links Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego* Alphabetic index DjVu format with a search engineAn index for a DjVu browser Gazetteers Polish encyclopedias Geographic history of Poland History books about Poland 1880 books 19th-century encyclopedias 20th-century encyclopedias {{poland-book-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Folwark
''Folwark''; german: Vorwerk; uk, Фільварок; ''Filwarok''; be, Фальварак; ''Falwarak''; lt, Palivarkas is a Polish word for a primarily serfdom-based farm and agricultural enterprise (a type of ''latifundium''), often very large. History Folwarks ( pl , folwarki) were operated in the Crown of Poland from the 14th century; in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 15th century; and in the joint Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from the second half of the 16th century. Folwarks also developed in the Commonwealth-controlled Ukrainian lands. The institution survived after the 18th-century partitions of the Commonwealth until the early-20th century. Folwarks aimed to produce surplus produce for export. The first folwarks were created on church- and monastery-owned lands. Later the folwark system was adopted both by the nobility (''szlachta'') and by rich peasants (singular: '' sołtys''), but the ''sołtys'' positions were eventually taken over by the ''s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krzysztof Zygmunt Pac
Krzysztof Zygmunt Pac ( lt, Kristupas Zigmantas Pacas; 1621–1684) was a nobleman and statesman of Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Chancellor (1658–1684) of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. He was the brother of Michał Kazimierz Pac, the Grand Hetman of Lithuania (1667–1682) who sponsored St Peter and St Paul's Church in Vilnius, a masterpiece of Baroque architecture within the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. After their deaths, the influence of the Pac family rapidly deteriorated. Krzysztof Zygmunt Pac was an educated and intellectual man. He studied in Kraków, Liège, and for eight years at the University of Perugia in Florence, Italy. When he returned to the Commonwealth he obtained permission from Rome to establish a monastery for the Order of Camaldolese. The construction started in 1664 and eventually the completed monastery, now known as the Pažaislis monastery, is considered to be one of the best examples of baroque architecture in the lands of pres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oborski
Oborski, feminine Oborska is a Polish noble family name. Historically it originated from the nobiliary toponymic naming "z Obór" ("from Obory"). ''Materials for Polish Biographical and Genealogical Dictionary'', August 21, 2008 The suffix "-ski" in s has the same function. Notable people with the surname include: * (died 1697) a statesmnan of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth * (1576–1646), Polish jesuit and writer * |
Hermitage (religious Retreat)
A hermitage most authentically refers to a place where a hermit lives in seclusion from the world, or a building or settlement where a person or a group of people lived religiously, in seclusion. Particularly as a name or part of the name of properties its meaning is often imprecise, harking to a distant period of local history, components of the building material, or recalling any former sanctuary or holy place. Secondary churches or establishments run from a monastery were often called "hermitages". In the 18th century, some owners of English country houses adorned their gardens with a "hermitage", sometimes a Gothic ruin, but sometimes, as at Painshill Park, a romantic hut which a "hermit" was recruited to occupy. The so-called Ermita de San Pelayo y San Isidoro is the ruins of a Romanesque church of Ávila, Spain that ended up several hundred miles away, to feature in the Buen Retiro Park in Madrid. Western Christian tradition A hermitage is any type of domestic dwelli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camaldolese
The Camaldolese Hermits of Mount Corona ( la, Congregatio Eremitarum Camaldulensium Montis Coronae), commonly called Camaldolese is a monastic order of Pontifical Right for men founded by Saint Romuald. Their name is derived from the Holy Hermitage ( it, Sacro Eremo) of Camaldoli, high in the mountains of central Italy, near the city of Arezzo. Its members add the nominal letters E.C.M.C. after their names to indicate their membership in the congregation. Apart from the Roman Catholic congregations, ecumenical Christian hermitages with a Camaldolese spirituality have arisen as well. History The Camaldolese were established through the efforts of the Italian monk Saint Romuald (). His reform sought to renew and integrate the eremitical tradition of monastic life with that of the cenobium. In his youth, Romuald became acquainted with the three major schools of Western monastic tradition. The monastery where he entered the Order, Sant' Apollinare in Classe, was a traditional B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pac Family
The House of Pac or Pacowie ( pl, Pacowie, lt, Pacai, be, Па́цы) was one of the most influential noble families in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the era of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Numerous high-ranking officials of the Commonwealth came from their ranks. Their coat of arms was Gozdawa. The family reached the height of its influence during the second half of the 17th century. Their lands were located mainly in Hrodna ( pl, Grodno, lt, Gardinas) and Lida ( lt, Lyda). The family's ancestor Kimantas was mentioned in the privilege of 1388 issued by Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas the Great as ''Kymunt''. The estate of the family in proximity of Grodno was mentioned in the road description, charted by the Teutonic Knights, as ''Kymundsdorf''. Kimantas and his son Daukša (Dowkszewicz) were among the signatories of the Union of Vilnius and Radom of 1401. Daukša's son Pac is considered the first member of the family; his descendants took his first name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
