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Paul Fröhlich (sport Shooter)
Paul Fröhlich (21 March 1913 – 19 September 1970) was a German politician and high-ranking party functionary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, Socialist Unity Party (SED). In the German Democratic Republic, he served as the longtime First Secretary of the SED in Bezirk Leipzig and was a member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany#Politburo of the Central Committee, Politburo of the Central Committee of the SED. Until his surprising death in September 1970, he ruled Bezirk Leipzig in a particularly authoritarian manner. Life and career Fröhlich Apprenticeship in Germany, trained as a Cooking, cook from 1929 to 1931 and worked as an Proletariat, industrial worker and miner. In 1930, he joined the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). In 1933, he was arrested for illegal political activities and lived temporarily as a casual laborer. In 1939, he was drafted into military service as a field cook. In 1944, he Desertion, deserted, was interned by the Swiss Border Guard, Swis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist Unity Party Of Germany
The Socialist Unity Party of Germany (, ; SED, ) was the founding and ruling party of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) from the country's foundation in 1949 until its dissolution after the Peaceful Revolution in 1989. It was a Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninist communist party, established in 1946 as a Merger of the Communist Party of Germany and the Social Democratic Party of Germany, merger of the East German branches of the Communist Party of Germany and Social Democratic Party of Germany. The German Democratic Republic (GDR) was effectively a one-party state. Other institutional Popular front, popular front parties were permitted to exist in alliance with the SED; these parties included the Christian Democratic Union (East Germany), Christian Democratic Union, the Liberal Democratic Party of Germany, Liberal Democratic Party, the Democratic Farmers' Party of Germany, Democratic Farmers' Party, and the National Democratic Party of Germany (East Germany), Nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apprenticeship In Germany
Apprenticeships are part of Germany's dual education system. In some officially recognized trades such as marine engineering, completing an apprenticeship is mandatory. In others, such as food technology, it may still be recommended or required by employers to do so. Background An apprenticeship is a system for training a new generation of practitioners of a trade or profession with on-the-job training and often some accompanying study (classroom work and reading). Apprenticeships can also enable practitioners to gain a license to practice in a regulated profession. Most of their training is done while working for an employer who helps the apprentices learn their trade or profession. This work is paid, and a minimum wage for apprentices is defined by law since 2020. Wages increase yearly during the apprenticeship, reflecting the increasing skills and productivity of the apprentice. Apprentices are covered in the German health insurance system. If they are younger than 18 years, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Distance Education
Distance education, also known as distance learning, is the education of students who may not always be physically present at school, or where the learner and the teacher are separated in both time and distance; today, it usually involves online education (also known as online learning, remote learning or remote education) through an online school. A distance learning program can either be completely online, or a combination of both online and traditional in-person (also known as, offline) classroom instruction (called hybrid or blended). Massive open online courses (MOOCs), offering large-scale interactive participation and open access through the World Wide Web or other network technologies, are recent educational modes in distance education. A number of other terms (distributed learning, e-learning, m-learning, virtual classroom, etc.) are used roughly synonymously with distance education. E-learning has shown to be a useful educational tool. E-learning should be an interac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Purge
In history, religion and political science, a purge is a position removal or execution of people who are considered undesirable by those in power from a government, another, their team leaders, or society as a whole. A group undertaking such an effort is labeled as purging itself. Purges can be either nonviolent or violent, with the former often resolved by the simple removal of those who have been purged from office, and the latter often resolved by the imprisonment, exile, or murder of those who have been purged. Characteristics The Shanghai massacre of 1927 in China and the Night of the Long Knives of 1934 in Nazi Germany, in which the leader of a political party turns against a particular section or group within the party and kills its members, are commonly called "purges". Mass expulsions of populations on the grounds of racism and xenophobia, such as the deportation of the Crimean Tatars in the Soviet Union, are not. Though sudden and violent purges are notable, most purge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stalinism
Stalinism (, ) is the Totalitarianism, totalitarian means of governing and Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union (USSR) from History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953), 1927 to 1953 by dictator Joseph Stalin and in Satellite state#Post-World War II, Soviet satellite states between 1944 and 1953. Stalinism included the creation of a Rule of man, one man totalitarian police state, rapid Industrialization in the Soviet Union, industrialization, the theory of socialism in one country, forced Collective farming, collectivization of agriculture, intensification of the class struggle under socialism, intensification of class conflict, a Joseph Stalin's cult of personality, cult of personality, and subordination of the interests of foreign Communist party, communist parties to those of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which Stalinism deemed the leading Vanguardism, vanguard party of communist revolution at the time. After Stalin's dea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Democratic Party Of Germany
The Social Democratic Party of Germany ( , SPD ) is a social democratic political party in Germany. It is one of the major parties of contemporary Germany. Saskia Esken has been the party's leader since the 2019 leadership election together with Lars Klingbeil, who joined her in December 2021. After losing the 2025 federal election, the party is part of the Merz government as the junior coalition partner. The SPD is a member of 12 of the 16 German state governments and is a leading partner in seven of them. The SPD was founded in 1875 from a merger of smaller socialist parties, and grew rapidly after the lifting of Germany's repressive Anti-Socialist Laws in 1890 to become the largest socialist party in Western Europe until 1933. In 1891, it adopted its Marxist-influenced Erfurt Program, though in practice it was moderate and focused on building working-class organizations. In the 1912 federal election, the SPD won 34.8 percent of votes and became the largest party in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merger Of The KPD And SPD
The Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and the east German branches of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) merged to form the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) on 21 April 1946. Although nominally a merger of equals, the merged party quickly fell under Communist domination and developed along lines similar to other Communist Parties in what became the Eastern Bloc. The SED would be the ruling party of the German Democratic Republic until the end of the republic in December 1989. In the course of the merger, about 5,000 Social Democrats who opposed it were detained and sent to labour camps and jails. Background Among circles of the workers' parties KPD and SPD there were different interpretations of the reasons for the rise of the Nazis and their electoral success. A portion of the Social Democrats blamed the Communists for the devastation of the final phase of the Weimar Republic. The Communist Party, in turn, insulted the Social Democrats as "social fascists". The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swiss Border Guard
The Swiss Border Guard, known as the Swiss Border Guard Command, was a Federal government, federal law enforcement agency, which acted as both the border guard and Federal Office for Customs and Border Security, customs service for Switzerland. It was a uniformed and armed section of the Swiss Federal Customs Administration, Federal Customs Administration, which is attached to the Federal Department of Finance. It was the largest civilian security agency on a federal level. The Swiss Border Guard took care of the prevention, intervention and repression concerning customs and migration related matters. It enforced border security and national compensating measures under the Schengen Agreement. The guard participated in international missions of the European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders (Frontex). History The modern iteration of the SBG first started in 1915 after federal measures for border control were introduced. By 2021, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desertion
Desertion is the abandonment of a military duty or post without permission (a pass, liberty or leave) and is done with the intention of not returning. This contrasts with unauthorized absence (UA) or absence without leave (AWOL ), which are temporary forms of absence. Desertion versus absence without leave In the United States Army, United States Air Force, British Armed Forces, Australian Defence Force, New Zealand Defence Force, Singapore Armed Forces and Canadian Armed Forces, military personnel will become AWOL if absent from their post without a valid pass, liberty or leave. The United States Marine Corps, United States Navy, and United States Coast Guard generally refer to this as unauthorized absence. Personnel are dropped from their unit rolls after thirty days and then listed as ''deserters''; however, as a matter of U.S. military law, desertion is not measured by time away from the unit, but rather: * by leaving or remaining absent from their unit, organ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Service
Military service is service by an individual or group in an army or other militia, air forces, and naval forces, whether as a chosen job (volunteer military, volunteer) or as a result of an involuntary draft (conscription). Few nations, such as Israel, require a specific amount of military service from every citizen, except for special cases, such as limitation determined by a military Physical examination, physical or religious belief. Most countries that use conscription systems only conscript men; a few countries also conscript women. For example, Norway, Sweden, North Korea, Israel, and Eritrea conscript both men and women. However, only Norway and Sweden have a gender-neutral conscription system, where men and women are conscripted and serve on equal formal terms. Some nations with conscription systems do not enforce them. Nations which conscript for military service typically also rely on citizens choosing to join the armed forces as a career. Some nations with armed f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Foundation For The Reappraisal Of The SED Dictatorship
The Federal Foundation for the Reappraisal of the SED Dictatorship (, alternatively translated as "(Federal) Foundation for the Study of Communist Dictatorship in East Germany") is a government-funded organisation established in 1998 by the German parliament. Its mandate is to assess the history (1949–1990) of the socialist regime of the German Democratic Republic (GDR, commonly known as East Germany), and its impact on the now reunified Germany. As its logo, the foundation uses the former East German flag minus its coat of arms. In the final months of the GDR, many East German citizens cut out the flag's emblem in this manner. The foundation also initiated a project "Aufbruch 1989" in which 17 organisations cooperated, including the Rosa Luxemburg Foundation which is affiliated with the SED successor party, Die Linke. This was rejected by Hubertus Knabe, and after it was made public, by a public letter signed by Bärbel Bohley, Werner Schulz, Lutz Rathenow, , Ralp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
