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Patriotic People's Front
The Patriotic People's Front ( hu, Hazafias Népfront, HNF) was originally a Hungarian political resistance movement during World War II which become later an alliance of political parties in the Hungarian People's Republic. In the latter role, it was dominated by the Communist Party–known as the Hungarian Working People's Party (MDP) from 1948 to 1956 and the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (MSzMP) from 1956 onward. History The Hungarian Front (''Magyar Front'') was founded by the Hungarian Communist Party (then briefly known as the Peace Party) as a resistance movement against the occupation of Hungary by Nazi German forces during World War II and included the Social Democratic Party (MSZDP), the Independent Smallholders' Party The Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party ( hu, Független Kisgazda-, Földmunkás- és Polgári Párt), known mostly by its acronym FKgP or its shortened form Independent Smallholders' Party ( hu, Független Kisgazdapárt), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patriotic Electoral Coalition
The Patriotic Electoral Coalition ( hu, Hazafias Választási Koalíció; HVK) was a short-lived electoral coalition in Hungary, formed in December 1989 by the Patriotic People's Front (HNF) and twelve other minor left-wing politics, left-wing parties and civil movements to jointly contest the 1990 Hungarian parliamentary election, 1990 parliamentary election, the first completely free and competitive elections to be held in the country since 1945 after the fall of communism. During the campaign, incumbent Minister of Justice Kálmán Kulcsár became head of the coalition's national list. Following the failure parliamentary election,Dieter Nohlen, Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p. 899. the national congress of the Patriotic Electoral Coalition declared its disestablishment on 4 August 1990. Following that some members of the HVK decided to found the Democratic Coalition Party (Hungary), Democratic Coalition Party (DKP). Election results N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Peasant Party (Hungary)
The National Peasant Party ( hu, Nemzeti Parasztpárt, NPP) was a political party in Hungary between 1939 and 1949. It was led by the writer Péter Veres. The party was revived for a short time during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and after the end of communism in 1989–90. History The party was established in 1939, but was only formalised as an organisation on 19 September 1944.Vincent E McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe'', Greenwood Press, p507 It won 42 seats in the National Interim Assembly elections in 1944. By the following year it had 170,000 members,Mária Palasik (2011) ''Chess Game for Democracy: Hungary Between East and West, 1944-1947'', McGill-Queen's Press, p37 although it was reduced to 23 seats in the parliamentary elections that year. However, the following year the party won 36 of the 411 seats in the parliamentary elections. For the 1949 elections it ran as part of the Communist-led Hungarian Independent People's Front, winning 39 seats.Dieter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1985 Hungarian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Hungary on 8 June 1985.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p899 The Patriotic People's Front, dominated by the Communist Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, was the only organisation allowed to contest the election. All prospective candidates had to accept the Front's program in order to be eligible.Burant, Stephen RHungary: A Country Studyp181 The HSWP, the only legal political party in the country, won 288 of the 387 seats, with 98 of the remaining 99 going to independents selected by the party. The one other seat remained unfilled until the following year.Nohlen & Stöver, p932 Electoral system The elections took place under new rules enacted in 1983 that allowed for wider participation in the electoral process. In addition to the 352 single-member constituencies, a further 35 MPs were elected unopposed via a national list. According to Politburo member Mihaly Korom, this was necessary in order ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1958 Hungarian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Hungary on 16 November 1958.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p899 They were the first elections held after the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. The Communist Hungarian Working People's Party had been reorganized as the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, under the leadership of a more moderate Communist, János Kádár. However, as was the case during the era of Mátyás Rákosi, voters were presented with a single list of Communists and pro-Communist independents. The Socialist Workers' Party won 276 of the 338 seats, with the remaining 62 going to independents.Nohlen & Stöver, p931 Results References {{Hungarian elections Elections in Hungary Parliamentary Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
János Kádár
János József Kádár (; ; 26 May 1912 – 6 July 1989), born János József Czermanik, was a Hungarian communist leader and the General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, a position he held for 32 years. Declining health led to his retirement in 1988, and he died in 1989 after being hospitalized for pneumonia. Kádár was born in Fiume in poverty to a single mother. After living in the countryside for some years, Kádár and his mother moved to Budapest. He joined the Party of Communists in Hungary's youth organization, KIMSZ, and went on to become a prominent figure in the pre-1939 Communist Party, eventually becoming First Secretary. As a leader, he would dissolve the party and reorganize it as the Peace Party, but the new party failed to win much popular support. After World War II, with Soviet support, the Communist Party took power in Hungary. Kádár rose through the Party ranks, serving as Interior Minister from 1948 to 1950. In 1951 he was impris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goulash Communism
Goulash Communism ( hu, gulyáskommunizmus), also commonly called Kádárism or the Hungarian Thaw, is the variety of socialism in Hungary following the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. János Kádár and the Hungarian People's Republic imposed policies with the goal to create high-quality living standards for the people of Hungary coupled with economic reforms. These reforms fostered a sense of well-being and relative cultural freedom in Hungary with the reputation of being "the happiest barracks" of the Eastern Bloc during the 1960s to the 1970s. With elements of regulated market economics as well as an improved human rights record, it represented a quiet reform and deviation from the Stalinist principles applied to Hungary in the previous decade. The name is a metaphor derived from goulash, a traditional Hungarian dish. Goulash is made with an assortment of dissimilar ingredients; here, it represents how Hungarian communism became a mixed ideology, no longer strictly adhering to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hungarian Revolution Of 1956
The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 (23 October – 10 November 1956; hu, 1956-os forradalom), also known as the Hungarian Uprising, was a countrywide revolution against the government of the Hungarian People's Republic (1949–1989) and the Hungarian domestic policies imposed by the Soviet Union (USSR). The Hungarian Revolution began on 23 October 1956 in Budapest when Student, university students appealed to the civil populace to join them at the Hungarian Parliament Building to protest against the USSR's geopolitical domination of Hungary with the Stalinism, Stalinist government of Mátyás Rákosi. A delegation of students entered the building of Magyar Rádió, Hungarian Radio to broadcast their Demands of Hungarian Revolutionaries of 1956, sixteen demands for political and economic reforms to the civil society of Hungary, but they were instead detained by security guards. When the student protestors outside the radio building demanded the release of their delegation of studen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imre Nagy
Imre Nagy (; 7 June 1896 – 16 June 1958) was a Hungarian communist politician who served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers (''de facto'' Prime Minister) of the Hungarian People's Republic from 1953 to 1955. In 1956 Nagy became leader of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 against the Soviet-backed government, for which he was sentenced to death and executed two years later. Nagy was a committed communist from soon after the Russian Revolution, and through the 1920s he engaged in underground party activity in Hungary. Living in the Soviet Union from 1930, he served the Soviet NKVD secret police as an informer from 1933 to 1941, denouncing over 200 colleagues, who were then purged and arrested and 15 of whom were executed. Nagy returned to Hungary shortly before the end of World War II, and served in various offices as the Hungarian Working People's Party (MDP) took control of Hungary in the late 1940s and the country entered the Soviet sphere of influence. He served as I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1953 Hungarian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Hungary on 17 May 1953.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p899 As would be the case with all elections for the remainder of Communist rule, voters were presented with a single list from the Communist Hungarian Working People's Party, comprising Communists and pro-Communist independents. The Working People's Party won 206 of the 298 seats, with the remaining 92 going to independents.Nohlen & Stöver, p931 Results References {{Hungarian elections Elections in Hungary Parliamentary Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ... One-party elections hu:Országgyűlési választások a Magyar Népköztársaságban#1953 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hungarian Constitution Of 1949
The Hungarian Constitution of 1949 was adopted on 20 August 1949 and heavily amended on 23 October 1989. The document was Hungary's first permanent written constitution, and until its replacement in 2011, the country was the only former Eastern Bloc nation that did not adopt an entirely new constitution after the fall of Communism. The Constitution of Hungary, adopted in 2011, declares the 1949 constitution to be invalid. History Adoption and amendments Following the end of World War II and after the country had been occupied by the Soviet Union, democratic elections were held under Statute VIII of 1945. Then, Statute I of 1946, a provisional constitutional statute (or "little constitution") passed on 31 January, formally ended the thousand-year monarchy and introduced a republican form of government.Körösényi, p.145 Then in 1949, after the Hungarian Working People's Party had assumed undisputed control of the country, the Communist-controlled parliament adopted a constitutio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1949 Hungarian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Hungary on 15 May 1949. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p899 The Hungarian Independent People's Front, an umbrella group created that February to replace the National Independence Front and led by the Hungarian Working People's Party (as the Hungarian Communist Party had been renamed following a merger with the Hungarian Social Democratic Party), but also including the remaining four non-communist parties, ran a single list of candidates espousing a common programme. With all organised opposition having been paralysed, the Front won 95.6% of the vote,Soberg Shugart, Matthew and Wattenberg, Martin P. ''Mixed-member Electoral Systems: The Best of Both Worlds?'' Oxford University Press (2001), presaging the result of elections through 1990. 71 (17.7%) elected deputies were female, up from 22 (5.4%) elected in 1947. Some 71% of those elected belonged to the Working People's Party, and a similar pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vanguard Party
Vanguardism in the context of Leninist revolutionary struggle, relates to a strategy whereby the most class-conscious and politically "advanced" sections of the proletariat or working class, described as the revolutionary vanguard, form organizations. They take actions to draw larger sections of the working class toward revolutionary politics and to serve as manifestations of proletarian political power opposed to the bourgeois. Foundations Vladimir Lenin popularised political vanguardism as conceptualised by Karl Kautsky, detailing his thoughts in one of his earlier works, ''What is to be done?''. Lenin argued that Marxism's complexity and the hostility of the establishment (the autocratic, semi-feudal state of Imperial Russia) required that a close-knit group of individuals pulled from the working class vanguard to safeguard the revolutionary ideology within the particular circumstances presented by the Tsarist régime (Russian Empire) at the time. While Lenin wished for a r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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