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Patriarch Joannicius II Of Constantinople
Joannicius II of Lindos ( el, ) (? – 1659 or 1660) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople four times from 1646 to 1656. Life Joannicius was a native of Lindos on the island of Rhodes. He was appointed Metropolitan of Ganos and Chora in 1624 by Patriarch Cyril Lucaris and in 1636 he became the Metropolitan of Heraclea. Supported by the Moldavian Voivode, Vasile Lupu, he was elected the first time to the Patriarchal Throne on 16 November 1646. Throughout the 17th century it was customary that the intrigues and quarrels into the Greek community and the Holy Synod caused rapid changes and re-instalments of Patriarchs: from 1595 to 1695 there were sixty-one changes and thirty-one Patriarchs. These frequent changes were encouraged by the Ottoman authorities who received a fee for each appointment. Joannicius too was subject to recurring depositions and re-election: he was deposed on 28 Oct 1648, re-installed for the second time in June 1651, deposed in June 1652, and he reign ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Church Of Constantinople
The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople ( el, Οἰκουμενικὸν Πατριαρχεῖον Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, translit=Oikoumenikón Patriarkhíon Konstantinoupóleos, ; la, Patriarchatus Oecumenicus Constantinopolitanus; tr, Rum Ortodoks Patrikhanesi, İstanbul Ekümenik Patrikhanesi, "Roman Orthodox Patriarchate, Ecumenical Patriarchate") is one of the fifteen to seventeen autocephalous churches (or "jurisdictions") that together compose the Eastern Orthodox Church. It is headed by the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, currently Bartholomew, Archbishop of Constantinople. Because of its historical location as the capital of the former Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire and its role as the mother church of most modern Orthodox churches, Constantinople holds a special place of honor within Orthodoxy and serves as the seat for the Ecumenical Patriarch, who enjoys the status of ''primus inter pares'' (first among equals) among the world's Ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand III (Ferdinand Ernest; 13 July 1608, in Graz – 2 April 1657, in Vienna) was from 1621 Archduke of Austria, King of Hungary from 1625, King of Croatia and Bohemia from 1627 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1637 until his death in 1657. Ferdinand ascended the throne at the beginning of the last decade of the Thirty Years' War and introduced lenient policies to depart from old ideas of divine rights under his father, as he had wished to end the war quickly. As the numerous battles had not resulted in sufficient military containment of the Protestant enemies, and confronted with decaying Imperial power, Ferdinand was compelled to abandon the political stances of his Habsburg predecessors in many respects in order to open the long road towards the much delayed peace treaty. Although his authority among the princes was weakened after the war, in Bohemia, Hungary and the Austria, however, Ferdinand's position as sovereign was uncontested. Ferdinand was the first Habsburg mona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
17th-century Deaths
The 17th century lasted from January 1, 1601 ( MDCI), to December 31, 1700 ( MDCC). It falls into the early modern period of Europe and in that continent (whose impact on the world was increasing) was characterized by the Baroque cultural movement, the latter part of the Spanish Golden Age, the Dutch Golden Age, the French ''Grand Siècle'' dominated by Louis XIV, the Scientific Revolution, the world's first public company and megacorporation known as the Dutch East India Company, and according to some historians, the General Crisis. From the mid-17th century, European politics were increasingly dominated by the Kingdom of France of Louis XIV, where royal power was solidified domestically in the civil war of the Fronde. The semi-feudal territorial French nobility was weakened and subjugated to the power of an absolute monarchy through the reinvention of the Palace of Versailles from a hunting lodge to a gilded prison, in which a greatly expanded royal court could be more easily k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
16th-century Births
The 16th century begins with the Julian year 1501 ( MDI) and ends with either the Julian or the Gregorian year 1600 ( MDC) (depending on the reckoning used; the Gregorian calendar introduced a lapse of 10 days in October 1582). The 16th century is regarded by historians as the century which saw the rise of Western civilization and the Islamic gunpowder empires. The Renaissance in Italy and Europe saw the emergence of important artists, authors and scientists, and led to the foundation of important subjects which include accounting and political science. Copernicus proposed the heliocentric universe, which was met with strong resistance, and Tycho Brahe refuted the theory of celestial spheres through observational measurement of the 1572 appearance of a Milky Way supernova. These events directly challenged the long-held notion of an immutable universe supported by Ptolemy and Aristotle, and led to major revolutions in astronomy and science. Galileo Galilei became a champion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecumenical Patriarch Parthenius III Of Constantinople
Parthenius III ( el, ; died 24 March 1657) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople in 1656–1657. In 1657 he was charged with treason by the Ottoman Sultan and hanged, after refusing to abjure his own Christian faith. He is hence revered as ''New Hieromartyr Parthenius III'' and his feast day in the Eastern Orthodox Church is March 24."New Hieromartyr Parthenius, Patriarch of Constantinople." In: Leonidas J. Papadopulos, Georgia Lizardos et al (Transl.). New Martyrs of the Turkish Yoke. Seattle: St. Nectarios Press, 1985, p. 122 ff. Life Parthenius was born in the island of Lesbos, and in 1639 he was elected metropolitan of Chios. On 26 July 1656 he became Ecumenical Patriarch, succeeding Joannicius II. Parthenius, who sided with the Russians in the clashes for the control of the Church in the Ukraine, in 1656 denounced the 1643 Confession of Faith of the previous Metropolitan of Kiev Peter Mogila, which he deemed to be too close to the Catholic doctrine. The Confession o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patriarch Paisius I Of Constantinople
Paisius I (? – c. 1688) was a two-time Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (August 1, 1652 – April 1653, March 1654 – March 1655). He was previously Bishop of Ephesus and Larissa.Dates selon Venance Grumel, ''Traité d'études byzantines'', « I. La Chronologie », Presses universitaires de France, Paris, 1958, . Life Paisius was born at the turn of the seventeenth century but the exact date of his birth is not known. He was from the Greek island of Lesbos. In a time of great turbulence, he was not particularly distinguished. After his second deposition, he established residence on the island of Halki, having received ''eis zoarkeian'' (that is, without pastoral obligations) the Metropolis of Ephesus and Cyzicus. The date and place of his death is not known, but he likely died at Halki in the late seventeenth century. References Sources * Bibliography * Venance Grumel, ''Traité d'études byzantines'', « I. La Chronologie », Presses universitaires de France ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patriarch Cyril III Of Constantinople
Cyril III ( el, Κύριλλος Γ΄), surnamed Spanos (Σπανός), (? – after 1654), was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople for two short terms in 1652 and 1654. He hailed from Xanthi and also served as bishop of Corinth (1655–75), Philippopolis and Tarnovo Veliko Tarnovo ( bg, Велико Търново, Veliko Tărnovo, ; "Great Tarnovo") is a town in north central Bulgaria and the administrative centre of Veliko Tarnovo Province. Often referred as the "''City of the Tsars''", Veliko Tarnovo .... , - 17th-century Greek clergy Orthodox bishops of Corinth People from Xanthi Metropolitans of Tarnovo Metropolitans of Plovdiv 17th-century Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople {{EasternOrthodoxy-bishop-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parthenius II Of Constantinople
Parthenius II (? – 16 May 1651) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople for two periods (1644–1646, 1648–1651). Kallistos Ware relates that Parthenius, before becoming Patriarch, wrote to Pope Urban VIII in 1640: "To your Beatitude I render all due obedience and submission, acknowledging you to be the true successor of the leader of the Apostles, and the chief shepherd of the Catholic Church throughout the whole world. With all piety and obedience I bow before your holy feet and kiss them, asking your blessing, for with full power you guide and tend the whole of Christ's chosen flock. So I confess and so I believe; and I am zealous that my subjects also should be such as I am myself. Finding them eager, I guide them in the ways of piety; for there are not a few who think just as I do". He was a partisan of Cyril Lucaris Cyril Lucaris or Loukaris ( el, Κύριλλος Λούκαρις, 13 November 1572 – 27 June 1638), born Constantine Lucaris, was a Greek prelate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dictionnaire D'histoire Et De Géographie Ecclésiastiques
''Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie ecclésiastiques'' is an encyclopaedia founded by the future cardinal Alfred-Henri-Marie Baudrillart in 1912. This immense and exhaustive work is currently edited by Luc Courtois and Eddy Louchez of the university of Louvain ( UCLouvain) and published by Brepols of Turnhout Turnhout () is a Belgium, Belgian Municipalities in Belgium, municipality and city located in the Flemish Region, Flemish Provinces of Belgium, province of Antwerp (province), Antwerp. The municipality comprises only the city of Turnhout proper. .... This encyclopedia, in French and English, covers mainly subjects, people and places related to the Christian tradition and follows a strict alphabetical order. The first fascicule (from entry ''Aachs'') was published in 1912 and the publication follows regularly year after year. In 2015 this encyclopedia arrived at fascicule 185 (containing entries from ''Leyen'' to ''Licayrac''). The whole work is published also in v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Propaganda Fide
Propaganda is communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda, which may not be objective and may be selectively presenting facts to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loaded language to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information that is being presented. Propaganda can be found in news and journalism, government, advertising, entertainment, education, and activism and is often associated with material which is prepared by governments as part of war efforts, political campaigns, health campaigns, revolutionaries, big businesses, ultra-religious organizations, the media, and certain individuals such as soapboxers. In the 20th century, the English term ''propaganda'' was often associated with a manipulative approach, but historically, propaganda has been a neutral descriptive term of any material that promotes certain opinions or ideologies. Equivalent non-English terms have also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Profession Of Faith
A profession of faith is a personal and public statement of a belief or faith. Judaism Among the Jews, the profession of faith takes the form of '' Shema Israel'' (שמע ישראל in Hebrew), ''Shema Israel Hachem Elokenu, Hachem Ekhad''; is a quote from Deuteronomy (6:4): "Hear Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is One." Christianity Origins The profession of faith has its origin in the New Testament, where believers, such as Cornelius, declared their faith in Jesus during baptism. In the First Epistle to Timothy in chapter 6 verse 12, Paul of Tarsus reminds Timothy of his profession of faith in front of several people. In the Early Church, the kerygma, or the proclamation of Jesus Christ Messiah and Son of God, death and risen, summed up the profession of faith. By denomination Various Christian Churches require people to make a personal profession of faith according to a prescribed formula, when joining their Christian denomination as a member. Catholic Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclades
The Cyclades (; el, Κυκλάδες, ) are an island group in the Aegean Sea, southeast of mainland Greece and a former administrative prefecture of Greece. They are one of the island groups which constitute the Aegean archipelago. The name refers to the islands ''around'' ("cyclic", κυκλάς) the sacred island of Delos. The largest island of the Cyclades is Naxos, however the most populated is Syros. History The significant Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Cycladic culture is best known for its schematic, flat sculptures carved out of the islands' pure white marble centuries before the great Middle Bronze Age Minoan civilization arose in Crete to the south. (These figures have been looted from burials to satisfy a thriving Cycladic antiquities market since the early 20th century.) A distinctive Neolithic culture amalgamating Anatolian and mainland Greek elements arose in the western Aegean before 4000 BCE, based on emmer and wild-type barley, sheep and goats, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
