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Pará Gavião Language
Pará Gavião is part of the Timbira ( Northern Jê) dialect cluster of Brazil. Varieties Linguistic varieties of Gavião include: * Krĩkatí, spoken in Terra Indígena Krikati, Maranhão * Pykobjê, 600 speakers in Terra Indígena Governador close to Amarante, Maranhão * Parkatêjê, 12 speakers in Terra Indígena Mãe Maria, Bom Jesus do Tocantins, Pará * Kỳikatêjê, 9 speakers in Terra Indígena Mãe Maria, Bom Jesus do Tocantins, Pará Pará is a Federative units of Brazil, state of Brazil, located in northern Brazil and traversed by the lower Amazon River. It borders the Brazilian states of Amapá, Maranhão, Tocantins (state), Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Amazonas (Brazilian state) ... See Timbira language for details. References {{Macro-Jê languages Jê languages Languages of Brazil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maranhão
Maranhão () is a state in Brazil. Located in the country's Northeast Region, it has a population of about 7 million and an area of . Clockwise from north, it borders on the Atlantic Ocean for 2,243 km and the states of Piauí, Tocantins and Pará. The people of Maranhão have a distinctive accent inside the common Northeastern Brazilian dialect. Maranhão is described in books such as '' The Land of the Palm Trees'' by Gonçalves Dias and ''Casa de Pensão'' by Aluísio Azevedo. The dunes of Lençóis are an important area of environmental preservation. Also of interest is the state capital of São Luís, designated a Unesco World Heritage Site. Another important conservation area is the Parnaíba River delta, between the states of Maranhão and Piauí, with its lagoons, desert dunes and deserted beaches or islands, such as the Caju island, which shelters rare birds. Geography The northern portion of the state is a heavily forested plain traversed by numerous rivers, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timbira Language
Timbira is a dialect continuum of the Northern Jê language group of the Jê languages ̣( Macro-Jê) spoken in Brazil. The various dialects are distinct enough to sometimes be considered separate languages. The principal varieties, Krahô Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics Student’s Handbook'', Edinburgh (Craó), and Canela (Kanela), have 2000 speakers apiece, few of whom speak Portuguese. Pará Gavião has 600–700 speakers. Krẽje, however, is nearly extinct, with only 30 speakers in 1995. Timibira has been intensive contact with various Tupi-Guarani languages of the lower Tocantins- Mearim area, such as Guajajára, Tembé, Guajá, and Urubú-Ka'apór. Ararandewára, Turiwára, Tupinamba, and Nheengatu have also been spoken in the area. Some of people in the area are also remembers of Anambé and Amanajé. Varieties Linguistic varieties of Timbira include: *Canela (subdivided into Apànjêkra and Mẽmõrtũmre (a.k.a. Ràmkôkãmẽkra)), 2,500 speakers in Maranh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarante Do Maranhão
Amarante do Maranhão is a municipality in the state of Maranhão in the Northeast region of Brazil. There are approximately 600 speakers of Pykobjê in Terra Indígena Governador, located close to the town of Amarante. See also *List of municipalities in Maranhão This is a list of the municipalities in the state of Maranhão (MA), located in the Northeast Region of Brazil. Maranhão is divided into 217 municipalities, which are grouped into 21 microregions, which are grouped into 5 mesoregions. Se ... References Municipalities in Maranhão {{Maranhão-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Jê
Northern may refer to the following: Geography * North, a point in direction * Northern Europe, the northern part or region of Europe * Northern Highland, a region of Wisconsin, United States * Northern Province, Sri Lanka * Northern Range, a range of hills in Trinidad Schools * Northern Collegiate Institute and Vocational School (NCIVS), a school in Sarnia, Canada * Northern Secondary School, Toronto, Canada * Northern Secondary School (Sturgeon Falls), Ontario, Canada * Northern University (other), various institutions * Northern Guilford High School, a public high school in Greensboro, North Carolina Companies * Arriva Rail North, a former train operating company in northern England * Northern Bank, commercial bank in Northern Ireland * Northern Foods, based in Leeds, England * Northern Pictures, an Australian-based television production company * Northern Rail, a former train operating company in northern England * Northern Railway of Canada, a defunct railway ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Jê Languages
The Northern Jê or Core Jê languages ( Portuguese: ''Jê Setentrionais'') are a branch of the Jê languages constituted by the Timbira dialect continuum (which includes Canela, Krahô, Pykobjê, Krikati, Parkatêjê, and Kỳikatêjê) and a number of languages spoken to the west of the Tocantins River, the Trans-Tocantins languages Apinajé, Mẽbêngôkre, Kĩsêdjê, and Tapayúna. Together with Panará (and its predecessor, Southern Kayapó), they form the Goyaz branch of the Jê family. The term ''Northern Jê'' has been sometimes used to refer to a broader group of languages, which also includes Panará and Southern Kayapó. In this article, the label ''Northern Jê'' is used in the narrow sense (that is, excluding Panará and Southern Kayapó). Phonology The Northern Jê languages have been noted for their outstanding relation between the nasality vs. orality of the nuclei and the allophonic realization of the adjacent nasal consonants. In Apinajé a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pará
Pará is a Federative units of Brazil, state of Brazil, located in northern Brazil and traversed by the lower Amazon River. It borders the Brazilian states of Amapá, Maranhão, Tocantins (state), Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Amazonas (Brazilian state), Amazonas and Roraima. To the northwest are the borders of Guyana and Suriname, to the northeast of Pará is the Atlantic Ocean. The capital and largest city is Belém, which is located at the mouth of the Amazon. The state, which is home to 4.1% of the Brazilian population, is responsible for just 2.2% of the Brazilian GDP. Pará is the most populous state of the North Region, Brazil, North Region, with a population of over 8.6 million, being the ninth-most populous state in Brazil. It is the second-largest state of Brazil in area, at , second only to Amazonas (Brazilian state), Amazonas upriver. Its most famous icons are the Amazon River and the Amazon Rainforest. Pará produces Natural rubber, rubber (extracted from natural rubber tree ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goyaz Jê Languages
The Goyaz Jê languages (also Northern Jê–Panará) are a branch of the Jê languages constituted by the Northern Jê languages and Panará (and its predecessor Southern Kayapó). Together with the Akuwẽ (Central Jê) languages, they form the Cerrado branch of the Jê family. Phonology Onsets The consonantal inventory of Proto-Goyaz Jê is almost identical to that of Proto-Northern Jê, differing from it in that it had no contrast between ''*ĵ'' and ''*j'' and lacked the phoneme */w/. Proto-Goyaz Jê did have the sounds ''*ĵ'' and ''*j'', but they occurred in a complementary distribution at that stage (in stressed and unstressed syllables, respectively). In Proto-Northern Jê, words with */w/ and */j/ (in stressed syllables) have been introduced from unknown sources (possibly via borrowings), as in ''*wet'' ‘lizard’, ''*wewe'' ‘butterfly’, or ''*jət'' ‘sweet potato’. In Proto-Goyaz Jê, underlying nasals acquired an oral phrase preceding an oral nucleus (t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cerrado Languages
The Cerrado languages (also referred to as Amazonian Jê) are a branch of the Jê languages constituted by the Goyaz Jê languages and Akuwẽ (Central Jê). Sound changes from Proto-Jê to Proto-Cerrado The occurrence of the consonant */g/ in Proto-Cerrado (as in ''*/g/õt'' ‘to sleep’, ''*/g/õ'' ‘to give’, ''*/g/aj’'' ‘you’) is believed to be an innovation; it has been claimed to have been inserted in onsetless stressed syllables. The Proto-Cerrado diphthongs ''*wa'' and ''*ja'' are believed to continue Proto-Jê monophthongs, which have been reconstructed as ''*ô'' and ''*ê₂''. Other vowels which have been claimed to have innovated in Proto-Cerrado are: *''*ô'' (goes back to an unrounded vowel, reconstructed as Proto-Jê ''*ə̂₁''); *''*u'' (a merger of earlier ''*u₁'' and ''*u₂'', distinguished in the Southern Jê languages as ''o'' and ''u'', respectively); *''*ũ'' (a merger of earlier ''*ũ₁'' and ''*ũ₂'', distinguished as ''ũ'' and '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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