Party Of Independents Of The East
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Party Of Independents Of The East
The Party of Independents of the East (french: Parti des Indépendants de l'Est) was a political party in Luxembourg. History Headed by Othon Decker, the Cartel list contested the 1919 general elections, receiving 3% of the vote and winning one seat. By the 1925 elections it had become the Independent Left ( lb, Onofhängeg Lénkspartei) under Decker's leadership. The 1925 elections saw the party's vote share increase to 5% as it won two seats. It retained both seats in the partial elections in 1928, and did not contest the partial elections of 1931. By the 1934 elections it had been renamed Party of Independents of the East.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1249 Increasing its vote share to 12%, the party won three seats in the Chamber of Deputies. It did not contest the 1937 partial elections in the north of the country. Following World War II, the party received just 1.6% of the vote in the 1945 elections, winning a singl ...
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Luxembourg
Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small landlocked country in Western Europe. It borders Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and France to the south. Its capital and most populous city, Luxembourg, is one of the four institutional seats of the European Union (together with Brussels, Frankfurt, and Strasbourg) and the seat of several EU institutions, notably the Court of Justice of the European Union, the highest judicial authority. Luxembourg's culture, people, and languages are highly intertwined with its French and German neighbors; while Luxembourgish is legally the only national language of the Luxembourgish people, French and German are also used in administrative and judicial matters and all three are considered administrative languages of the cou ...
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Othon Decker
Othon or Othón may refer to: *Othon Mataragas (born 1979), Greek composer, songwriter and pianist *Charles Othon Frédéric Jean-Baptiste de Clarac (1777–1847), French artist, scholar and archaeologist *Le Tilleul-Othon, commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France *Othón P. Blanco, Quintana Roo, one of the eight subdivisions of the Mexican state of Quintana Roo *Othón P. Blanco Núñez de Cáceres (1868–1959), Mexican Marine and the founder of the city of Chetumal *Othon Bastos (born 1933), Brazilian film actor *Othon Friesz (1879–1949), native of Le Havre, French artist of the Fauvist movement *Othon Henri del Caretto, Marquis of Savona (1629–1685), Imperial Army commander and political figure *Quentin Othon (born 1988), French footballer currently playing for RC Strasbourg *Otto of Greece (1815–1867), also called Othon, King of Greece *Othon (Brazilian footballer) Othon Valentim Filho (born 20 December 1944) is a Brazilian former footballer ...
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Luxembourg General Election, 1919
General elections were held in Luxembourg on 26 October 1919.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1234 They were the first held after several constitutional amendments were passed on 15 May of the same year. The reforms had introduced universal suffrage and proportional representation, increased the electorate from 6% of the population to 42%, and vested national sovereignty in the people, as opposed to the Grand Duke. They were also the first elections held after the German occupation during World War I. The election saw the beginning of conservative dominance of Luxembourgian politics, ending seventy years of liberal dominance that had begun to crumble after the death of Paul Eyschen. With the constitutional reforms and the birth of the modern political order, the elections are considered the first in the modern political history of Luxembourg. Results The election was an overwhelming victory for the Party of the Right, led ...
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Luxembourg General Election, 1925
General elections were held in Luxembourg on 1 March 1925.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1244 The Party of the Right won 22 of the 47 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.Nohlen & Stöver, p1260 Results By constituency References {{Luxembourgian elections Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourg) elections Legislative election, 1925 Luxembourg Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ... 1925 in Luxembourg March 1925 events Election and referendum articles with incomplete results ...
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Luxembourg General Election, 1928
Partial general elections were held in Luxembourg on 3 June 1928, electing 28 of the 52 seats in the Chamber of Deputies in the south and east of the country. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1244 Nohlen & Stöver, p1260 The Party of the Right won 13 of the 28 seats, and saw its total number of seats rise from 22 to 24. Results By constituency References Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourg) elections Legislative election, 1928 Luxembourg Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ... 1928 in Luxembourg June 1928 events Election and referendum articles with incomplete results {{Luxembourg-election-stub ...
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Luxembourg General Election, 1931
Partial general elections were held in Luxembourg on 7 June 1931, electing 25 of the 54 seats in the Chamber of Deputies in the centre and north of the country, as well as two seats in the south.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1244 Nohlen & Stöver, p1261 The Party of the Right won 14 of the 27 seats, and saw its total number of seats rise from 24 to 26. Results By constituency References {{Luxembourgian elections Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourg) elections Legislative election, 1931 Luxembourg General Luxembourg Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ... Election and referendum articles with incomplete results ...
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Luxembourg General Election, 1934
Partial general elections were held in Luxembourg on 3 June 1934, electing 29 of the 54 seats in the Chamber of Deputies in the south and east of the country.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1244 Nohlen & Stöver, p1261 The Party of the Right won 12 of the 29 seats, but saw its total number of seats fall from 26 to 25. The Communist Party of Luxembourg won its first seat, but it was later invalidated by a vote in the Chamber of Deputies. Its seat was given instead to the Luxembourg Workers' Party, who had voted against its expulsion. Results By constituency References Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourg) elections Legislative election, 1934 Luxembourg Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ... 1934 in Luxembourg June ...
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Dieter Nohlen
Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expert on electoral system An electoral system or voting system is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections ma ...s and political development, he has published several books.About the contributors
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Bibliography

Books published by Nohlen include: *''Electoral systems of the world'' (in German, 1978) *''Lexicon of politics'' (seven volumes) *''Elections and Electoral Systems'' (1996) *''Electi ...
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Chamber Of Deputies (Luxembourg)
french: Chambre des Députés german: Abgeordnetenkammer , coa_pic = , coa_res = , foundation = , session_room = Joint meeting with the Members of the Standing Committee, the Members of the Luxembourg delegation to the OSCE PA and the Members of the Committee on Foreign and European Affairs, Cooperation, Immigration and Asylum, 25 March 2019 -1.jpg , house_type = Unicameral , houses = , leader1_type = President , leader1 = Fernand Etgen ( DP) , leader2_type = Deputy Presidents , leader2 = Mars Di Bartolomeo (LSAP) Marc Spautz ( CSV)Djuna Bernard ( Déi Gréng) , members = 60 , structure1 = File:D'Chamber 2018.svg , structure1_res = 280px , political_groups1 = Government (31) * Democratic Party (12) * * The Greens (9) Opposition (29) * Christian Social People's Party (21) * Alternative Democratic Reform Party (4) * Pirate Party (2) * The Left (2) , voting_syst ...
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Luxembourg General Election, 1937
Partial general elections were held in Luxembourg on 6 June 1937, electing 26 of the 55 seats in the Chamber of Deputies in the centre and north of the country.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1244 Nohlen & Stöver, p1261 The Party of the Right won 13 of the 26 seats and remained the largest party with 25 of the 55 seats. Results References Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourg) elections Legislative election, 1937 Luxembourg Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ... 1937 in Luxembourg June 1937 events Election and referendum articles with incomplete results {{Luxembourg-election-stub ...
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World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ...
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Luxembourg General Election, 1945
General elections were held in Luxembourg on 21 October 1945.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1244 They were the first elections held after the German occupation during World War II. As a result of the war, the political alliances of the interwar period had been ended. In their place were new parties; the Christian Social People's Party The Christian Social People's Party ( lb, Chrëschtlech Sozial Vollekspartei, french: Parti populaire chrétien-social, german: Christlich Soziale Volkspartei), abbreviated to CSV or PCS, is the largest political party in Luxembourg. The party f ..., the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party, and the Patriotic and Democratic Group in place of the Party of the Right, Socialist Party, and Radical Liberal Party respectively. It is regarded as a realigning election, as the election established the party political order, with four established parties, that would be maintained until 1974. The co ...
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