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Participants
Participation or Participant may refer to: Politics *Participation (decision making), mechanisms for people to participate in social decisions *Civic participation, engagement by the citizens in government *e-participation, citizen participation in e-government using information and communications technology Finance *Participation (ownership), an ownership interest in a mortgage or other loan *Participation, the amount of benefit in a bond plus option due to the performance of an underlying asset *Capital participation, ownership of shares in a company or project Other uses *Participation (philosophy), the inverse of inherence: if an ''attribute inheres'' in a subject, then the ''subject participates'' in the attribute * Participant Media, an American film-production company founded in 2004 {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Participation (decision Making)
Citizen Participation or Public Participation in social science refers to different mechanisms for the Public consultation, public to express opinions—and ideally exert influence—regarding political, economic, management or other social decisions. Participatory decision-making can take place along any realm of human social activity, including Economy, economic (i.e. participatory economics), Politics, political (i.e. participatory democracy or parpolity), management (i.e. participatory management), Culture, cultural (i.e. polyculturalism) or Family, familial (i.e. feminism). For well-informed participation to occur, it is argued that some version of transparency (humanities), transparency, e.g. radical transparency, is necessary but not sufficient. It has also been argued that those most affected by a decision should have the most say while those that are least affected should have the least say in a topic. Classifying participation Sherry Arnstein discusses eight type ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civic Participation
Civic engagement or civic participation is any individual or group activity addressing issues of public concern. Civic engagement includes communities working together or individuals working alone in both political and non-political actions to protect public values or make a change in a community. The goal of civic engagement is to address public concerns and promote the quality of the community. Civic engagement is "a process in which people take collective action to address issues of public concern" and is "instrumental to democracy" (Checkoway & Aldana, 2012). Underrepresentation of groups in the government causes issues faced by groups such as minority, low-income, and younger groups to be overlooked or ignored. In turn, issues for higher voting groups are addressed more frequently, causing more bills to be passed to fix these problems (Griffin & Newman, 2008). Forms Civic engagement can take many forms—from individual volunteerism, community engagement efforts, organiz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
E-participation
Electronic participation (e-participation) is ICT-supported participation in processes involving government and citizens. Processes may concern administration, service delivery, decision making and policy making. E-participation is hence closely related to e-government and e-governance participation. The need for the term has emerged as citizen interests and interaction with political service providers have increasingly become digitized due to the rise of e-government. A more detailed definition sees e-participation as a process that enhances and deepens political participation and allows citizens to interact with one another as well as their elected representative through the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). This definition includes all stakeholders in a democratic decision-making processes and not only citizen related top-down government initiatives. E-participation is largely a part of e-democracy, and heavily involves the use of ICT by governments, m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Participation (ownership)
In finance, "participation" is an ownership interest in a mortgage or other loan. In particular, loan participation is a cooperation of multiple lenders to issue a loan (known as participation loan) to one borrower. This is usually done in order to reduce individual risks of the lenders. The term is also used as a synonym to profit sharing, an incentive whereby employees of a company receive a share of the profits of the company. References *''Black's Law Dictionary ''Black's Law Dictionary'' is the most frequently used legal dictionary in the United States. Henry Campbell Black (1860–1927) was the author of the first two editions of the dictionary. History The first edition was published in 1891 by West P ...'' Loans Business law {{law-term-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bond Plus Option
In finance, a Bond+Option is a capital guarantee product that provides an investor with a fixed, predetermined participation to an option. Buying the zero-coupon bond ensures the guarantee of the capital, and the remaining proceeds are used to buy an option. Structure As an example, we can consider a bond+call on 5 years, with Nokia as an underlying. Say it is a USD currency option, and that 5 year rates are 4.7%. That gives you a zero-coupon bond price of ZCB(USD,5y,4.7\%)=e^\approx0.7906. Say we are counting in units of $100. We then have to buy $79.06 worth of bonds to guarantee the 100 to be repaid at maturity, and we have $20.94 to spend on an option. Now the option price is unlikely to be exactly equal to 20.94 in this case, and it really depends on the underlying. Say we are using the Black–Scholes price for the call, and that we strike the option at the money, the volatility is the defining part here. A call on an underlying with implied volatility In financial mathem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capital Participation
Capital participation (sometimes also called ''equity participation'' or ''equity interest'') is a form of equity sharing not restricted to housing, in which a company, infrastructure, property or business is shared between different parties. Shareholders invest in a business for profit maximization and cost savings, e.g., through tax deduction. A visible and controversial form of capital participation can be found in public-private partnerships in which the private sector invests in public projects and usually receive a time-limited concession for ownership or operation to make profits from the acquired property. See also * loan * risk capital * angel investor * shareholder * joint venture * profit sharing * private equity * takeover * mergers and acquisitions * privatization Privatization (also privatisation in British English) can mean several different things, most commonly referring to moving something from the public sector into the private sector. It is also sometime ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Participation (philosophy)
In philosophy, participation is the inverse of inherence. Overview Accidents are said to ''inhere'' in substance. Substances, in turn, ''participate'' in their accidents. For example, the color red is said to inhere in the red apple. Conversely, the red apple participates in the color red. Participation also is predicated by analogy to a dependence relations between accidents. Thus an act may be said to participate in time in the sense that every act must occur at some time. In a similar way, color may be said to inhere in space, meaning that a color occurs only on the surface of a body—and thus only in space. Inherence, on the other hand, would not normally be predicated analogously of accidents. See also * Substance theory Substance theory, or substance–attribute theory, is an ontological theory positing that objects are constituted each by a ''substance'' and properties borne by the substance but distinct from it. In this role, a substance can be referred to as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
