|
Parameshvara
Vatasseri Parameshvara Nambudiri ( 1380–1460) was a major Indian mathematician and astronomer of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics founded by Madhava of Sangamagrama. He was also an astrologer. Parameshvara was a proponent of observational astronomy in medieval India and he himself had made a series of eclipse observations to verify the accuracy of the computational methods then in use. Based on his eclipse observations, Parameshvara proposed several corrections to the astronomical parameters which had been in use since the times of Aryabhata. The computational scheme based on the revised set of parameters has come to be known as the ''Drgganita'' or Drig system. Parameshvara was also a prolific writer on matters relating to astronomy. At least 25 manuscripts have been identified as being authored by Parameshvara. Biographical details Parameshvara was a Hindu of Bhrgugotra following the Ashvalayanasutra of the Rigveda. Parameshvara's family name (''Illam'') was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drig System
Drigganita (ದೃಗ್ಗಣಿತ; IAST: dṛggaṇita, from dṛk-gaṇita, "sight-calculation"), also called the Drik system, is a system of astronomical computations followed by several traditional astronomers, astrologers and almanac makers in India. In this system the computations are performed using certain basic constants derived from observations of astronomical phenomena. The almanacs computed using the methods of Drigganita are referred to as Drigganita Panchngas. In Tamil speaking world, they are also known as ''Thiru-ganita Panchangas''. The Drigganita system is in contrast to the method followed by some other almanac makers who use the values given in the ancient astronomical treatise known by the name Surya Siddhanta. The almanacs computed using this treatise are known as ''Sydhantic Panchangas''. They are also known as ''Vakya Panchangas''. In the history of astronomy in India, two different Drigganita systems have been introduced at two different points of time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclic Quadrilateral
In Euclidean geometry, a cyclic quadrilateral or inscribed quadrilateral is a quadrilateral whose vertices all lie on a single circle. This circle is called the ''circumcircle'' or ''circumscribed circle'', and the vertices are said to be ''concyclic''. The center of the circle and its radius are called the ''circumcenter'' and the ''circumradius'' respectively. Other names for these quadrilaterals are concyclic quadrilateral and chordal quadrilateral, the latter since the sides of the quadrilateral are chords of the circumcircle. Usually the quadrilateral is assumed to be convex, but there are also crossed cyclic quadrilaterals. The formulas and properties given below are valid in the convex case. The word cyclic is from the Ancient Greek (''kuklos''), which means "circle" or "wheel". All triangles have a circumcircle, but not all quadrilaterals do. An example of a quadrilateral that cannot be cyclic is a non-square rhombus. The section characterizations below states w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kerala School Of Astronomy And Mathematics
The Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics or the Kerala school was a school of mathematics and astronomy founded by Madhava of Sangamagrama in Tirur, Malappuram, Kerala, India, which included among its members: Parameshvara, Neelakanta Somayaji, Jyeshtadeva, Achyuta Pisharati, Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri and Achyuta Panikkar. The school flourished between the 14th and 16th centuries and the original discoveries of the school seems to have ended with Narayana Bhattathiri (1559–1632). In attempting to solve astronomical problems, the Kerala school independently discovered a number of important mathematical concepts. Their most important results—series expansion for trigonometric functions—were described in Sanskrit verse in a book by Neelakanta called '' Tantrasangraha'', and again in a commentary on this work, called ''Tantrasangraha-vakhya'', of unknown authorship. The theorems were stated without proof, but proofs for the series for sine, cosine, and inverse t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madhava Of Sangamagrama
Iriññāttappiḷḷi Mādhavan known as Mādhava of Sangamagrāma () was an Indian mathematician and astronomer from the town believed to be present-day Kallettumkara, Aloor Panchayath, Irinjalakuda in Thrissur District, Kerala, India. He is considered the founder of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics. One of the greatest mathematician-astronomers of the Middle Ages, Madhava made pioneering contributions to the study of infinite series, calculus, trigonometry, geometry, and algebra. He was the first to use infinite series approximations for a range of trigonometric functions, which has been called the "decisive step onward from the finite procedures of ancient mathematics to treat their limit-passage to infinity". Historiography Madhavan was born in an embranthiri brahmin family of tulu origin on 1340 in kingdom of Cochin. Although there is some evidence of mathematical work in Kerala prior to Madhava (''e.g.'', ''Sadratnamala'' c. 1300, a set of fragmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sangamagrama Madhava
Iriññāttappiḷḷi Mādhavan known as Mādhava of Sangamagrāma () was an Indian mathematician and astronomer from the town believed to be present-day Kallettumkara, Aloor Panchayath, Irinjalakuda in Thrissur District, Kerala, India. He is considered the founder of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics. One of the greatest mathematician-astronomers of the Middle Ages, Madhava made pioneering contributions to the study of infinite series, calculus, trigonometry, geometry, and algebra. He was the first to use infinite series approximations for a range of trigonometric functions, which has been called the "decisive step onward from the finite procedures of ancient mathematics to treat their limit-passage to infinity". Historiography Madhavan was born in an embranthiri brahmin family of tulu origin on 1340 in kingdom of Cochin. Although there is some evidence of mathematical work in Kerala prior to Madhava (''e.g.'', ''Sadratnamala'' c. 1300, a set of fragmentary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mean Value Theorem
In mathematics, the mean value theorem (or Lagrange theorem) states, roughly, that for a given planar arc between two endpoints, there is at least one point at which the tangent to the arc is parallel to the secant through its endpoints. It is one of the most important results in real analysis. This theorem is used to prove statements about a function on an interval starting from local hypotheses about derivatives at points of the interval. More precisely, the theorem states that if f is a continuous function on the closed interval , b/math> and differentiable on the open interval (a,b), then there exists a point c in (a,b) such that the tangent at c is parallel to the secant line through the endpoints \big(a, f(a)\big) and \big(b, f(b)\big), that is, : f'(c)=\frac. History A special case of this theorem for inverse interpolation of the sine was first described by Parameshvara (1380–1460), from the Kerala School of Astronomy and Mathematics in India, in his comme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tantrasamgraha
Tantrasamgraha, or Tantrasangraha, (literally, ''A Compilation of the System'') is an important astronomical treatise written by Nilakantha Somayaji, an astronomer/mathematician belonging to the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics. The treatise was completed in 1501 CE. It consists of 432 verses in Sanskrit divided into eight chapters. Tantrasamgraha had spawned a few commentaries: ''Tantrasamgraha-vyakhya'' of anonymous authorship and '' Yuktibhāṣā'' authored by Jyeshtadeva in about 1550 CE. Tantrasangraha, together with its commentaries, bring forth the depths of the mathematical accomplishments the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics, in particular the achievements of the remarkable mathematician of the school Sangamagrama Madhava. In his ''Tantrasangraha'', Nilakantha revised Aryabhata's model for the planets Mercury and Venus. His equation of the centre for these planets remained the most accurate until the time of Johannes Kepler in the 17th century.G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Govinda Bhattathiri
Govinda Bhaṭṭathiri (also known as Govinda Bhattathiri of Thalakkulam or Thalkkulathur) ( 1237 – 1295) (p.15) was an Indian astrologer and astronomer who flourished in Kerala during the thirteenth century CE. Govinda Bhaṭṭatiri was born in the Nambudiri family known by the name Thalakkulathur in the village of Alathiyur, Tirur in Kerala. He was traditionally considered to be the progenitor of the Pazhur Kaniyar family of astrologers. He is an important figure in the Kerala astrological traditions. (pp.55 – 64) Works Govinda wrote ''Nauka'', a commentary on ''Brihat Jataka''. Earlier scholars also assigned to him the authorship of '' Daśādhyāyī'', another commentary on ''Brihat Jataka'' written with same narrative style. Recent research suggests that ''Nauka'' was the original commentary written by Govinda and ''Daśādhyāyī'' was an abridged version rearranged by another person in the 15th century. The authorship of the ''Daśādhyāyī'' was assigne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Damodara
Vatasseri Damodara Nambudiri was an astronomer-mathematician of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics who flourished during the fifteenth century CE. He was a son of Paramesvara (1360–1425) who developed the '' drigganita'' system of astronomical computations. The family home of Paramesvara was Vatasseri (sometimes called Vatasreni) in the village of Alathiyur, Tirur Tirur is a Municipality in Malappuram district in the Indian state of Kerala spread over an area of . It is one of the business centers of Malappuram district and is situated west of Malappuram and south of Kozhikode, on the Shoranur–Manga ... in Kerala. Damodara was a teacher of Nilakantha Somayaji. As a teacher he initiated Nilakantha into the science of astronomy and taught him the basic principles in mathematical computations. References {{Authority control Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics 15th-century Indian mathematicians People from Malappuram district Scientists from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nilakantha Somayaji
Keļallur Nilakantha Somayaji (14 June 1444 – 1544), also referred to as Keļallur Comatiri, was a major mathematician and astronomer of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics. One of his most influential works was the comprehensive astronomical treatise '' Tantrasamgraha'' completed in 1501. He had also composed an elaborate commentary on Aryabhatiya called the ''Aryabhatiya Bhasya''. In this Bhasya, Nilakantha had discussed infinite series expansions of trigonometric functions and problems of algebra and spherical geometry. ''Grahapariksakrama'' is a manual on making observations in astronomy based on instruments of the time. Known popularly as Kelallur Chomaathiri, he is considered an equal to Vatasseri Parameshwaran Nambudiri. Early life Nilakantha was born into a Brahmin family which came from South Malabar in Kerala. Biographical details Nilakantha Somayaji was one of the very few authors of the scholarly traditions of India who had cared to record d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tirur
Tirur is a Municipality in Malappuram district in the Indian state of Kerala spread over an area of . It is one of the business centers of Malappuram district and is situated west of Malappuram and south of Kozhikode, on the Shoranur–Mangalore section under Southern Railway. Tirur is also a major regional trading centre for fish and betel leaf and has an average elevation of . Demographics India census, Tirur had a population of 53,650, of which 48% are male and 52% female. Tirur has an average literacy rate of 80%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 81%, and female literacy is 78%. In Tirur, 14% of the population is under six years of age. Tirur assembly constituency is part of Ponnani (Lok Sabha constituency). Transportation *Railway Station: Tirur railway station is one of the major railway stations in the Malabar region. Almost every train stops here, connecting the Malappuram district to the rest of the country. *Road: Tirur is well conn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
