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Paramacrauchenia
''Paramacrauchenia'' is an extinct genus of proterotheriid litopterns from the Early Miocene of what is now Argentina and Chile. Its fossils have been found in the Sarmiento and Santa Cruz Formations of Argentina and Chile. Taxonomy ''Paramacrauchenia'' was originally assigned to the family Macraucheniidae, however, recent studies now consider it a member of the family Proterotheriidae, where it is found to be a derived member, closely related to ''Lambdaconus ''Lambdaconus'' is a genus of proterotheriid from the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene of Argentina. The type species is ''L. suinus'', named in 1897 by Ameghino, with referred species including ''L. lacerum'', named as ''Proterotherium ''Prot ...''. Below is a phylogenetic tree of the Proterotheriidae, based on the work of McGrath ''et al''. 2020. References Proterotheriids Miocene mammals of South America Colhuehuapian Santacrucian Neogene Argentina Fossils of Argentina Neogene Chile Fossils of Chi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proterotheriidae
Proterotheriidae is an extinction, extinct family of fossil ungulates from the Cenozoic era that displays toe reduction. Despite resembling primitive, small horses, they were only distantly related to them, and instead belonged to the native South American ungulate order Litopterna. Description Two subfamilies and 18 genera of Proterotheriidae are known. All forms were small or medium-sized. Typical is a reduction of the number of toes and brachydont or mesodont teeth. The family is recorded since the late Palaeocene. Various fossils are known from many parts of the South American continent. The diversity decreased in the Miocene to Pliocene and it has been assumed for a long time that they entirely disappeared in the late Pliocene. However, fossils found in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay show that one member of the group, ''Neolicaphrium recens'' survived into the Late Lujanian, Pleistocene. Better known genera of the family include ''Diadiaphorus'' and ''Thoatherium'' from th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarmiento Formation
The Sarmiento Formation (Spanish: ''Formación Sarmiento''), in older literature described as the Casamayor Formation, is a geological formation in Chubut Province, Argentina, in central Patagonia, which spans around 30 million years from the mid-Eocene to the early Miocene. It predominantly consists of pyroclastic deposits, which were deposited in a semi-arid environment. It is divided up into a number of members. The diverse fauna of the Sarmiento Formation, including a variety of birds, crocodilians, turtles and snakes, also includes many mammals such as South American native ungulates (notoungulates, litopterns, astrapotheres) as well as armadillo Armadillos (meaning "little armored ones" in Spanish) are New World placental mammals in the order Cingulata. The Chlamyphoridae and Dasypodidae are the only surviving families in the order, which is part of the superorder Xenarthra, along wi ...s, and caviomorph rodents. Material was copied from this source, which is availabl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern marine invertebrates than the Pliocene has. The Miocene is preceded by the Oligocene and is followed by the Pliocene. As Earth went from the Oligocene through the Miocene and into the Pliocene, the climate slowly cooled towards a series of ice ages. The Miocene boundaries are not marked by a single distinct global event but consist rather of regionally defined boundaries between the warmer Oligocene and the cooler Pliocene Epoch. During the Early Miocene, the Arabian Peninsula collided with Eurasia, severing the connection between the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean, and allowing a faunal interchange to occur between Eurasia and Africa, including the dispersal of proboscideans into Eurasia. During the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anisolambda
''Anisolambda'' is an extinct genus of litoptern. It lived from the Late Paleocene to the Middle Eocene in what is now Argentina. Description This animal is mostly known from fossils of its maxilla, mandible and teeth, and it is therefore difficult to speculate on its appearance. Its molars were primitive in shape, and closely resembled those of the enigmatic '' Didolodus''. They were distinguished from the latter by the presence of a strong paraconid, in an internal position, almost identical in size to the metaconid, and separated from the latter by a narrow indentation. ''Anisolambda'' may have been similar to more recent genera of Proterotheriidae, such as '' Diadiaphorus'' or ''Proterotherium'', but without the characteristic limb specializations of the latter genera. Classification The genus ''Anisolambda'' was first described in 1901 by Florentino Ameghino, based on a mandible with teeth from the Eocene of Argentina. Ameghino latter described fossils of the maxilla, tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olisanophus
''Olisanophus'' is a genus of extinct litoptern from the late middle Miocene of southern Bolivia. It was named in 2020 by Andrew McGrath and colleagues, for two distinct species from the same deposits of an unnamed formation of the Honda Group. The type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ... is ''O. riorosarioensis'', known from elements of the partial upper and lower left and right dentitions and possibly a partial mandible, and the referred species is ''O. akilachuta'', known for 6 teeth. Some intermediate material from the same deposits was referred to ''Olisanophus'' sp., not showing diagnostic features of either species. Both species were recovered together in a phylogenetic analysis, where they were sister taxa to a group of '' Diplasiotherium'' and '' Mes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prolicaphrium
''Prolicaphrium'' is an extinct genus of proterotheriid litoptern that lived during the Early Miocene, in what is now Argentina. Fossils have been found in the Sarmiento Formation of Argentina. Description This animal may have been vaguely similar to a small horse, and, even if it is only known from incomplete fossils, it is possible to hypothesize on its appearance thanks to the comparison with its better-known relatives, such as ''Thoatherium'', ''Proterotherium'' and ''Diadiaphorus''. Compared to the latter, ''Prolicaphrium'' was more basal, especially regarding its molars : the six primary denticles were well developed and independent. The last molar had a reduced posterior lobe both in its external and internal parts. ''Prolicaphrium'' was also characterized by a skull with very elongated nasal bones pointing forward, to the contrary of the previously mentioned genera. Classification ''Prolicaphrium'' is a member of the Proterotheriidae, a family of litopterns with a bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anisolophus Minusculus
''Anisolophus'' is an extinct genus of proterotheriid from the Early to Middle Miocene of Argentina. The genus was named by Burmeister in 1885 to accommodate the species ''Anchitherium australe'', which they had named earlier in 1879. Soria then referred the species ''Licaphrium floweri'' and ''Anisolophus minisculus'' to the genus, making ''Licaphrium'', named in 1887 by Florentino Ameghino, a junior synonym of the genus. Both ''A. australis'' and ''A. floweri'' are known from the Santacrucian age Santa Cruz Formation, while ''A. minisculus'' is known from the Collón Curá Formation. ''Anisolophus'' is considered the senior synonym of the genus ''Licaphrium'', which was named in 1887 by Ameghino for the species ''L. floweri'', now ''A. floweri''. Many other species of ''Licaphrium'' were named, many of which are considered synonyms of ''A. floweri'', ''Tetramerorhinus'', ''Neobrachytherium'', or '' Lophogonodon'', as well as the dubious Doubt is a mental state in which the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anisolophus Australis
''Anisolophus'' is an extinct genus of proterotheriid from the Early to Middle Miocene of Argentina. The genus was named by Burmeister in 1885 to accommodate the species ''Anchitherium australe'', which they had named earlier in 1879. Soria then referred the species ''Licaphrium floweri'' and ''Anisolophus minisculus'' to the genus, making ''Licaphrium'', named in 1887 by Florentino Ameghino, a junior synonym of the genus. Both ''A. australis'' and ''A. floweri'' are known from the Santacrucian age Santa Cruz Formation, while ''A. minisculus'' is known from the Collón Curá Formation. ''Anisolophus'' is considered the senior synonym of the genus ''Licaphrium'', which was named in 1887 by Ameghino for the species ''L. floweri'', now ''A. floweri''. Many other species of ''Licaphrium'' were named, many of which are considered synonyms of ''A. floweri'', ''Tetramerorhinus'', ''Neobrachytherium'', or '' Lophogonodon'', as well as the dubious Doubt is a mental state in which the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anisolophus Floweri
''Anisolophus'' is an extinct genus of proterotheriid from the Early to Middle Miocene of Argentina. The genus was named by Burmeister in 1885 to accommodate the species ''Anchitherium australe'', which they had named earlier in 1879. Soria then referred the species ''Licaphrium floweri'' and ''Anisolophus minisculus'' to the genus, making ''Licaphrium'', named in 1887 by Florentino Ameghino, a junior synonym of the genus. Both ''A. australis'' and ''A. floweri'' are known from the Santacrucian age Santa Cruz Formation, while ''A. minisculus'' is known from the Collón Curá Formation. ''Anisolophus'' is considered the senior synonym of the genus ''Licaphrium'', which was named in 1887 by Ameghino for the species ''L. floweri'', now ''A. floweri''. Many other species of ''Licaphrium'' were named, many of which are considered synonyms of ''A. floweri'', ''Tetramerorhinus'', ''Neobrachytherium'', or '' Lophogonodon'', as well as the dubious Doubt is a mental state in which the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protheosodon
''Protheosodon'' is an extinct genus of proterotheriid litoptern. It lived from the Late Oligocene to the Early Miocene in what is now Argentina and Colombia. Description It was a medium-sized animal, smaller than the extant vicuña. The lower incisors, unlike those of more derived proterotheriids such as ''Diadiaphorus'', were relatively small and unspecialized. The lower dentition was complete and there was no trace of diastema. The upper teeth were similar to those of ''Anisolambda'' and ''Polymorphis''. The mandible had a very high vertical branch. Its leg bones, firstly attributed to a notoungulate, are incompletely known. Classification ''Protheosodon coniferus'' was first described in 1897 by Florentino Ameghino, based on fossils found in Deseadan deposits from Chubut Province, Argentina. Other fossils attributed to the genus have been found in slightly older deposits in Colombia. ''Protheosodon'' was initially thought to be a member of Macraucheniidae, mainly ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neodolodus
''Neodolodus'' is a genus of extinct litoptern from the late middle Miocene of southern Colombia. It was named in 1986 by Hoffstetter and Soria, for the species ''Neodolodus colombianus'' from the Castilletes Formation and the La Victoria and Villavieja Formations of the Honda Group. The type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ... ''N. colombianus'' is known from a right mandibular ramus, teeth, and part of the fore- and hindlimbs. ''Neodolodus'' has been classified as a species of '' Prothoatherium'' or '' Lambdaconus'', but was recognized as a distinct genus by McGrath and colleagues in 2020. The taxon was recovered in a phylogenetic analysis as the sister taxon of '' Protheosodon'', between other proterotheriid genera like '' Picturotherium'' and '' Anisolop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Picturotherium
''Picturotherium'' is a genus of extinct proterotheriid from the middle Miocene of Santa Cruz, Argentina. The genus is known from the type and only species ''P. migueli'', named in 2005 by Alejandro Kramarz and Mariano Bond for individual teeth from the Pinturas Formation. ''Picturotherium'' is derived from the Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ... for the Rio Pinturas and the word "beast", with the species name honouring South American paleontologist Miguel Soria. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q111828110 Litopterns Miocene mammals of South America ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_(14577238310).jpg "Click for more on -> Protheosodon")