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Papilio Cacicus
''Papilio cacicus'' is a Neotropical butterfly of the family Papilionidae first described by Hippolyte Lucas in 1852. It is found in Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Peru. Habitat ''Papilio cacicus'' is an indicator species of primary mountain forest for instance in the Cordillera de la Costa montane forests in Venezuela and more generally in the tropical Andes. Subspecies *''Papilio cacicus cacicus'' (Colombia, Venezuela) *''Papilio cacicus nesrinae'' Koçak, 1983 (western Colombia) *''Papilio cacicus inca'' Rothschild & Jordan, 1906 (Peru) *''Papilio cacicus upanensis'' Talbot, 1929 (Ecuador) *''Papilio cacicus mendozaensis'' Bollino & Sala, 1994 (Peru) Taxonomy ''Papilio cacicus'' is a member of the ''homerus'' species group. The members of this clade are *''Papilio cacicus'' H. Lucas, 1852 *'' Papilio euterpinus'' Salvin & Godman, 1868 *''Papilio garamas'' (Geyer, 829 *''Papilio homerus'' Fabricius, 1793 *''Papilio menatius'' (Hübner, 819 *''Papilio warscewiczii'' Hopffe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hippolyte Lucas
Pierre-Hippolyte Lucas (17 January 1814 – 5 July 1899) was a French entomologist. Lucas was an assistant-natural history, naturalist at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. From 1839 to 1842 he studied fauna as part of the scientific commission on the exploration of Algeria. His brother was Prosper Lucas. Works * ''Histoire naturelle des lépidoptères exotiques. Ouvrage orné de 200 figures peintes d'après nature par Pauquet et gravées sur acier''. Paris, Pauquet, Bibliothèque Zoologique, 1835. * ''Histoire naturelle des animaux articulés. Exploration scientifique de l'Algérie, pendant les années 1840, 1841 et 1842''. Paris, Imprimerie Nationale (1844–1849). Published in 25 volumes this work contains 122 fine engraved plates. * "Description de nouvelles Espèces de Lépidoptères appartenant aux Collections entomologiques du Musée de Paris". ''Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée''. (2) 4 (3): 128–141 (1852) 4 (4): 189–198 (1852) 4 (6): 290–300 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tropical Andes
The Tropical Andes is northern of the three climate-delineated parts of the Andes, the others being the Dry Andes and the Wet Andes. The Tropical Andes' area spans . Geography and ecology file:Andes_clima.png, 200px, Map of the climatic regions of the Andes. The tropical Andes are shown in green. The Dry Andes are shown in yellow and the Wet Andes in dark blue. The Tropical Andes are located in South America following the path of the Andes. They run, mainly, through five countries, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. The land initially was roughly but has decreased to , leaving 25% of the original land. Due to the massive amount of area the landscape is diverse. Diverse landscapes lead to diverse habitats and the ability to provide needed resources for many species. The diverse landscape includes snow-topped mountains down to canyons and valleys. The different vegetation as altitude changes includes tropical rainforests at , cloud forests ranging from , and the highe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio
''Papilio'' is a genus in the swallowtail butterfly family, Papilionidae, as well as the only representative of the tribe Papilionini. The word ''papilio'' is Latin for butterfly. It includes the common yellow swallowtail (''Papilio machaon''), which is widespread in the Northern Hemisphere and the type species of the genus, as well as a number of other well-known North American species such as the western tiger swallowtail ('' Papilio rutulus''). Familiar species elsewhere in the world include the Mormons ('' Papilio polytes'', '' Papilio polymnestor'', '' Papilio memnon'', and '' Papilio deiphobus'') in Asia, the orchard and Ulysses swallowtails in Australia (''Papilio aegeus'', '' Papilio ulysses'', respectively) and the citrus swallowtail of Africa (''Papilio demodocus''). Older classifications of the swallowtails tended to use many rather small genera. More recent classifications have been more conservative, and as a result a number of former genera are now absorbed within ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Union For Conservation Of Nature
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. It is involved in data gathering and analysis, research, field projects, advocacy, and education. IUCN's mission is to "influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable". Over the past decades, IUCN has widened its focus beyond conservation ecology and now incorporates issues related to sustainable development in its projects. IUCN does not itself aim to mobilize the public in support of nature conservation. It tries to influence the actions of governments, business and other stakeholders by providing information and advice and through building partnerships. The organization is best known to the wider pu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Warscewiczii
''Papilio warscewiczii'' is a Neotropical realm, Neotropical species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found in Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador. Habitat Montane forest in the Bolivian Yungas, Bolivian Yungas ecoregion. The larval food plant is not recorded .Robinson, G. S., P. R. Ackery, I. J. Kitching, G. W. Beccaloni & L. M. Hernández, 2010. HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London(Accessed: 18 Aug.2010) Subspecies *''Papilio warscewiczii warscewiczii'' (south-eastern Peru, Bolivia) *''Papilio warscewiczii mercedes'' Rothschild & Jordan, 1906 (eastern Peru) *''Papilio warscewiczii jelskii'' Oberthür, 1881 (south-eastern Ecuador, north-western Peru) Taxonomy ''Papilio warscewiczii'' is a member of the ''homerus'' species group. The members of this Cladistics, clade are *''Papilio cacicus'' Lucas, 1852 *''Papilio euterpinus'' Salvin & Godman, 1868 *''Papilio garamas'' (Geyer, [1829]) *''Papilio homerus'' Fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Menatius
''Papilio menatius'' is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. Description ''Papilio menatius'' is a large butterfly with wingspan of about . Uppersides of the wings are black with yellowish bands and yellowish submarginal lines of spots. The subspecies ''P. m. menatius'' present in Guyana is black with white spots at the center of the forewings. On the hindwings there are a submarginal row of red lines and a line of spots partly red and partly white. Subspecies ''P. m. victorinus'' is treated as a species by some authors. The larvae of ''P. m. victorinus'' feed on ''Persea americana''. Adults feed on flower nectar of various plants, including ''Lantana'' and ''Impatiens'' species. Taxonomy ''Papilio menatius'' is in the subgenus ''Pterourus'' Scopoli, 1777 which also includes the species groups: ''troilus'' species group, ''glaucus'' species group, the ''zagreus'' species group and the ''scamander'' species group. ''Papilio menatius'' is a member of the ''homerus'' species gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Homerus
''Papilio homerus'', commonly known as the Homerus swallowtail or Jamaican swallowtail, is the largest butterfly species in the Western Hemisphere. The species is endangered and faces a potentially bleak future. Only two small populations of the Homerus swallowtail remain in a fraction of their original environment. It is endemic to Jamaica where the butterfly simultaneously serves as an icon of national pride and a need for conservation efforts. Over the past half century, the Jamaican swallowtail has been featured on various postal stamps and the Jamaican $1000 bill. In the face of rapid habitat destruction from human disruption and illegal collecting, the Jamaican swallowtail is listed on the ''Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World'' by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (Red List) and is protected under international and national level legislation. The butterfly is named in honor of the Greek poet Homer. The adult butterfly has been described by re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Garamas
''Papilio garamas'', commonly known as the magnificent swallowtail, is a species of Neotropical swallowtail butterfly found in Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama and Costa Rica. Description A large butterfly with a wingspan of 80 to 110 millimetres. The females are dimorphic, either resembling the male or dark forms lacking the cream median and postdiscal bands contrasting with deep black ground colour. Subspecies *''Papilio garamas garamas'' (western Mexico) *''Papilio garamas abderus'' Hopffer, 1856 (eastern Mexico) generally seen as conspecific with ''P. garamas'' but sometimes treated as a distinct species (Collins & Morris 1985:87, Hancock 1983, Llorente-Bousquets et al. 1997). *''Papilio garamas electryon'' Bates, 1864 (Guatemala to Honduras) may be placed in ''abderus'' *''Papilio garamas syedra'' Godman & Salvin, 1878 (Panama, Costa Rica) may be placed in ''abderus'' *''Papilio garamas baroni'' Rothschild & Jordan, 1906 (Mexico) may be placed in ''abderus'' Taxonomy '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Euterpinus
''Papilio euterpinus'' is a species of Neotropical swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Taxonomy ''Papilio euterpinus'' is a member of the ''homerus'' species-group. The members of this clade are *''Papilio cacicus'' Lucas, 1852 *''Papilio euterpinus'' Salvin & Godman, 1868 *''Papilio garamas'' (Geyer, 829 *''Papilio homerus'' Fabricius, 1793 *''Papilio menatius'' (Hübner, 819 *''Papilio warscewiczii'' Hopffer, 1865 ''Papilio euterpinus'' is in the subgenus ''Pterourus'' Scopoli, 1777 which also includes the species-groups:- ''troilus'' species-group, ''glaucus'' species-group, the ''zagreus'' species-group and the ''scamander'' species-group. References *Lewis, H. L., 1974 ''Butterflies of the World'' Page 24, figure 22 External linksButterflies of America typesImages from Naturhistorisches Museum Wien The Natural History Museum Vienna (german: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien) is a large natural history museum loca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladistics
Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups (" clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies'')'' that are not present in more distant groups and ancestors. However, from an empirical perspective, common ancestors are inferences based on a cladistic hypothesis of relationships of taxa whose character states can be observed. Theoretically, a last common ancestor and all its descendants constitute a (minimal) clade. Importantly, all descendants stay in their overarching ancestral clade. For example, if the terms ''worms'' or ''fishes'' were used within a ''strict'' cladistic framework, these terms would include humans. Many of these terms are normally used paraphyletically, outside of cladistics, e.g. as a 'grade', which are fruitless to precisely delineate, especially when including extinct species. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Group
In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each other, further blurring any distinctions. Terms that are sometimes used synonymously but have more precise meanings are cryptic species for two or more species hidden under one species name, sibling species for two (or more) species that are each other's closest relative, and species flock for a group of closely related species that live in the same habitat. As informal taxonomic ranks, species group, species aggregate, macrospecies, and superspecies are also in use. Two or more taxa that were once considered conspecific (of the same species) may later be subdivided into infraspecific taxa (taxa within a species, such as bacterial strains or plant varieties), that is complex but it is not a species complex. A species complex is in most cas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cordillera De La Costa Montane Forests
The Cordillera de la Costa montane forests is a montane ecoregion of the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests biome, in the Venezuelan Coastal Range (''Cordillera de la Costa'') on the Caribbean Sea in northern Venezuela. Location The Cordillera de la Costa montane forests extend across a series of isolated coastal mountains with an area of . Most parts of the ecoregion are surrounded by La Costa xeric shrublands. In the west, the ecoregion adjoins the Lara–Falcón dry forests. The two most eastern segments are surrounded by Araya and Paria xeric scrub. Physical The Cordillera de la Costa montane forests ecoregion consists of eleven enclaves between in elevation. The Venezuelan Coastal Range, which is actually two parallel ranges, runs east and west across northern Venezuela, separating the Orinoco River basin to the south from the Caribbean Sea to the north. The range consists of western and eastern sections. The Coastal Range is a northeastern extension of the Ande ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
