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Pan-European Network Service
The Pan-European Network Service (PENS) is a telecommunications network established (in 2009) by several European Air Navigation Service Providers with support of EUROCONTROL with a view to build transport infrastructure. PENS do provide a common IP-based network service across the European region covering voice and data communication and providing efficient support to existing services and new requirements that are emerging from future Air Traffic Management (ATM) concepts. On 14 January 2016, EUROCONTROL hosted a major meeting to move forward with the implementation of NewPENS. NewPENS, which will build on the success of the current Pan-European Network Services (PENS) infrastructure, aims to become the means of ground-to-ground communication for all connections between all ATM stakeholders across Europe. See also *Pan European Networks (marketing agency) References Further readingPENS Eurocontrol web siteNewPENS Eurocontrol web site Air traffic control in Europe Tele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telecommunications Network
A telecommunications network is a group of Node (networking), nodes interconnected by telecommunications links that are used to exchange messages between the nodes. The links may use a variety of technologies based on the methodologies of circuit switching, message switching, or packet switching, to pass messages and signals. Multiple nodes may cooperate to pass the message from an originating node to the destination node, via multiple network hops. For this routing function, each node in the network is assigned a network address for identification and locating it on the network. The collection of addresses in the network is called the address space of the network. Examples of telecommunications networks include computer networks, the Internet, the public switched telephone network (PSTN), the global Telex network, the aeronautical ACARS network, and the wireless radio networks of cell phone telecommunication providers. Network structure this is the structure of network genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Air Navigation Service Provider
An air navigation service provider (ANSP) is a public or a private legal entity providing Air Navigation Services. It manages air traffic on behalf of a company, region or country. Depending on the specific mandate, an ANSP provides one or more of the following services to airspace users: * Air traffic management (ATM) * Communications, navigation and surveillance, Communication navigation and surveillance systems (CNS) * Meteorology, Meteorological service for air navigation (MET) * Search and rescue (SAR) * Aeronautical Information Service, Aeronautical information services/aeronautical information management (AIS/AIM). These services are provided to air traffic during all phases of operations (approach, aerodrome and en-route). Air navigation service providers are either government departments, state-owned companies, or privatised organisations. The majority of the world's Air Navigation Service Providers are members of the Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation located ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EUROCONTROL
The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation, commonly known as Eurocontrol (stylised ''EUROCONTROL''), is an international organisation working to achieve safe and seamless air traffic management across Europe. Founded in 1963, Eurocontrol currently has 42 member states with headquarters in Brussels, Belgium. It has several local sites as well, including an Innovation Hub in Brétigny-sur-Orge, France, the Aviation Learning Centre (ALC) in Luxembourg, and the Maastricht Upper Area Control Centre (MUAC) in Maastricht, Netherlands, the Netherlands. The organisation employs approximately two thousand people, and operates with an annual budget in excess of half a billion euros. Although Eurocontrol is not an agency of the European Union, the EU has delegated parts of its Single European Sky regulations to Eurocontrol, making it the central organisation for coordination and planning of air traffic control for all of Europe. The EU itself is a signatory of Eurocontrol and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Data Communication
Data communication, including data transmission and data reception, is the transfer of data, transmitted and received over a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communication channel. Examples of such channels are copper wires, optical fibers, wireless communication using radio spectrum, storage media and computer buses. The data are represented as an electromagnetic signal, such as an electrical voltage, radiowave, microwave, or infrared signal. '' Analog transmission'' is a method of conveying voice, data, image, signal or video information using a continuous signal that varies in amplitude, phase, or some other property in proportion to that of a variable. The messages are either represented by a sequence of pulses by means of a line code ('' baseband transmission''), or by a limited set of continuously varying waveforms ('' passband transmission''), using a digital modulation method. The passband modulation and corresponding demodulation is carried out by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Air Traffic Management
file:ATMANS.png, 334x334px, Air traffic management (ATM) aims at ensuring the safe and efficient flow of air traffic. It encompasses three types of services: * air traffic services (ATS) including air traffic control (ATC), air traffic advisory services, flight information services and alerting services, * airspace management (ASM), the purpose of which is to allocate Airway (aviation), air routes, zones, flight levels to different airspace users and the airspace structure, and * air traffic flow and capacity management (ATFCM) (or Air Traffic Flow Management, ATFM) consisting in regulating the flow of aircraft as efficiently as possible in order to avoid congestion in airspace and airports. The Convention on International Civil Aviation, Chicago Convention 1944 (52 signatory states) required each state to provide air navigation services for their own state and early air navigation service providers (ANSPs) were state-controlled monopolies. En-route navigation is still offered by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pan European Networks
Pan European Networks (PEN) is a marketing company. They try to convince people that "publishing" with them is a way to reach European science leadership. This however appears to be untrue and it is regarded as a non-credible source. They started in 2012 and have offices in the United Kingdom and Brussels. Operations The organization is known for making calls to researchers offering to publish their work but requesting an immediate commitment. Initial proposed charges are around 10,000 USD for a publication but this appears to be negotiable. Their persistence has been described as harassment by Uppsala University Uppsala University (UU) () is a public university, public research university in Uppsala, Sweden. Founded in 1477, it is the List of universities in Sweden, oldest university in Sweden and the Nordic countries still in operation. Initially fou .... They have also threatened to sue those who criticize them. They published a magazine called Scitech Europa Quarterly an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Air Traffic Control In Europe
An atmosphere () is a layer of gases that envelop an astronomical object, held in place by the gravity of the object. A planet retains an atmosphere when the gravity is great and the temperature of the atmosphere is low. A stellar atmosphere is the outer region of a star, which includes the layers above the opaque photosphere; stars of low temperature might have outer atmospheres containing compound molecules. The atmosphere of Earth is composed of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), argon (0.9%), carbon dioxide (0.04%) and trace gases. Most organisms use oxygen for respiration; lightning and bacteria perform nitrogen fixation which produces ammonia that is used to make nucleotides and amino acids; plants, algae, and cyanobacteria use carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. The layered composition of the atmosphere minimises the harmful effects of sunlight, ultraviolet radiation, solar wind, and cosmic rays and thus protects the organisms from genetic damage. The current composition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telecommunications Organizations
Telecommunication, often used in its plural form or abbreviated as telecom, is the transmission of information over a distance using electronic means, typically through cables, radio waves, or other communication technologies. These means of transmission may be divided into communication channels for multiplexing, allowing for a single medium to transmit several concurrent communication sessions. Long-distance technologies invented during the 20th and 21st centuries generally use electric power, and include the telegraph, telephone, television, and radio. Early telecommunication networks used metal wires as the medium for transmitting signals. These networks were used for telegraphy and telephony for many decades. In the first decade of the 20th century, a revolution in wireless communication began with breakthroughs including those made in radio communications by Guglielmo Marconi, who won the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics. Other early pioneers in electrical and electronic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pan-Europeanism
Pan-European identity is the sense of personal identification with Europe, in a cultural or political sense. The concept is discussed in the context of European integration, historically in connection with hypothetical proposals, but since the formation of the European Union (EU) in the 1990s increasingly with regard to the project of ever-increasing federalisation of the EU. The model of a "pan-European" union is the Carolingian Empire, which first defined "Europe" as a cultural entity as the areas ruled by the Roman Catholic Church, later known as "Medieval Western Christendom" (which extended its scope further eastwards to the shores of the Baltic Sea during the course of the Middle Ages). The original proposal for a Paneuropean Union was made in 1922 by Count Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi, who defined the term "pan-European" as referring to this historical sense of the western and central parts of continental Europe encompassing the cultures that evolved from medieval ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
