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Palmerstown
Palmerstown (; officially Palmerston, see spelling) is a civil parish and suburb in western Dublin on the banks of the River Liffey. It forms part of the South Dublin local authority and the Dublin Mid-West parliamentary constituency. The area is bordered to the north by the River Liffey and the Strawberry Beds, to the west by Lucan, to the south-west by Clondalkin, to the south by Ballyfermot and to the east by the village of Chapelizod. Palmerstown village is situated near the Liffey Valley Shopping Centre. The area is situated near the major junction of the M50 motorway and the N4. It lies approximately 7 km west of O'Connell Street in Dublin city centre. The Old Lucan Road, once the main route from the city to the west, passes through the centre of Palmerstown village. Name origin and spelling A "palmer" in medieval times was a pilgrim who returned from the Holy Land with a palm branch or leaf. Between 1185 and 1188 Ailred the Palmer and his wife took religious vows ...
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Ballyfermot
Ballyfermot () is a suburb town nw of the city aside Dublin, Ireland. It is located, seven kilometres (5 miles) west of the city centre, south of Phoenix Park, it is bordered on the north by Chapelizod, on the south by Bluebell; on the east by Inchicore, on the northwest by Palmerstown and the southwest by Clondalkin and Parkwest. The River Liffey lies to the north, and the Grand Canal, now a recreational waterway, lies to the south of Ballyfermot of which lies within the postal district Dublin 10. Cherry Orchard which is also a suburb, sometimes considered to be within Ballyfermot. Ballyfermot is also known as a civil parish in the barony of Uppercross. Toponymy The place name ''Ballyfermot''—rendered in Irish ''Baile Formaid'' and sometimes ''Baile Thormaid''—is derived from the Middle Irish ''baile'' ("farmstead"), and the Old Norse personal name ''Þormundr''. It is also referred to colloquially by Dubliners as ''Ballyer'' for short. History The 12th century saw ...
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M50 Motorway (Ireland)
The M50 motorway ( ga, Mótarbhealach M50) is a C-shaped orbital motorway in Dublin and the busiest motorway in Ireland. The current route was built in various sections over the course of 27 years, from 1983 to 2010. It begins at Dublin Port, running northward through the Dublin Port Tunnel and along a portion of the Airport Motorway. It then turns west at its junction with the M1, circling the northern, western and southern suburbs of Dublin, before merging with the M11 at Shankill in South East Dublin. The road forms part of European route E01. An orbital motorway for Dublin was first proposed in the Dublin Transportation Study of 1971. Construction began on the first section, the Western Parkway (J6-J11) in 1987, and opened to traffic in 1990. This was followed by the Northern Cross Route (J3-J6) in 1996, the Southern Cross Route (J11-J13) in 2001, and the Southeastern Motorway (J13-J17) in 2005. The M50 route was extended to Dublin Port in 2006, via a section of the 198 ...
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Liffey Valley Shopping Centre
Liffey Valley Shopping Centre is a shopping mall, shopping centre located in Dublin 22, Republic of Ireland, Ireland which Comprises 80 stores and 20 Restaurants. The centre opened on and is located near the junction of the M50 motorway (Ireland), M50 motorway and N4 road (Ireland), N4 road closely surrounded by Lucan to the west, Palmerstown Village to the east and Clondalkin to the south. The centre was a scaled-down replacement for a much larger complex once mooted for the site, known as Quarryvale, the development of which was highly controversial. After over a decade without major development, the centre was extended in 2016. Tenants Anchor tenants at the centre are Ireland's largest Marks & Spencer, Dunnes Stores, Next plc, Next, and Ireland's largest Boots Group, Boots. In 2010 large H&M and New Look fashions stores opened in the centre of the mall. The centre is home to Vue Dublin cinemas (formerly Ster-Kinekor, Ster Century Dublin). One of the anchor tenants at the tim ...
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Crutched Friars
The Crutched Friars (also Crossed or Crouched Friars, cross-bearing brethren) were a Roman Catholic religious order in England and Ireland. Their name is derived from a staff they carried with them surmounted by a crucifix. There were several orders devoted to the Holy Cross, collectively known as Crosiers, that had some presence in England and there is much confusion to which specific order the friars belonged. Earlier literature linked most of the Crutched Friars to the Italian Crosiers, but later it was proven that they were a branch of the Belgian Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross. The Crutched Friars were suppressed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1538. England Their first appearance in England was at a synod of the Diocese of Rochester in 1244, when they presented documents from the Pope and asked to be allowed to settle in the country. They established eight or nine houses in England, the first being at either Colchester (according to William Dugdale ...
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South Dublin
, image_map = Island of Ireland location map South Dublin.svg , map_caption = Inset showing South Dublin (darkest green in inset) within Dublin Region (lighter green) , area_total_km2 = 222.74 , seat_type = County town , seat = Tallaght , blank_name_sec1 = Vehicle indexmark code , blank_info_sec1 = D , population_total = 278749 , population_as_of = 2016 , population_density_km2 = auto , government_type = County Council , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Ireland , subdivision_type1 = Province , subdivision_name1 = Leinster , subdivision_type2 = Region , subdivision_name2 = Eastern and Midland , leader_title2 = Dáil constituencies , leader_name2 ...
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Dublin Mid-West (Dáil Constituency)
Dublin Mid-West is a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas. The constituency elects 4 deputies ( Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). History and boundaries Dublin Mid-West contains the areas of Clondalkin, Lucan, Palmerstown, Rathcoole and Saggart. The constituency was created by the Electoral (Amendment) (No. 2) Act 1998 as a three-seat constituency, composed of areas which had previously been in the constituencies of Dublin South-West and Dublin West, and came into operation at the 2002 general election. Under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 2005, the town of Palmerstown was incorporated into Dublin Mid-West (having been in Dublin West), with an increase to 4 seats, taking effect at the 2007 general election. It has retained these boundaries since 2007. TDs Elections 2020 ge ...
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Strawberry Beds
Strawberry Beds or The Strawberry Beds () is a locality and small settlement 7 km to the west of Dublin City, Ireland, located on the northern banks of the River Liffey The River Liffey (Irish: ''An Life'', historically ''An Ruirthe(a)ch'') is a river in eastern Ireland that ultimately flows through the centre of Dublin to its mouth within Dublin Bay. Its major tributaries include the River Dodder, the River ... between Chapelizod and Lucan, Dublin, Lucan where the closest bridges span the river. The populated suburb of Palmerstown lies just south of the Strawberry Beds, but is inaccessible due to the Liffey which separates them. The R109 road (Ireland), R109 road, also known as the 'Lower Road' for the section between Chapelizod and Lucan, is the only road that passes through the Strawberry Beds. The area is protected by a Special Amenity Area Order (SAAO). History Situated on steeply banking south-facing slopes in a sheltered valley, the area got its name from t ...
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N4 Road (Ireland)
The N4 road is a national primary road in Ireland, running from Dublin to the northwest of Ireland and Sligo town. The M6 to Galway diverges from this route after Kinnegad, while the N5 to Westport diverges at Longford town. Most sections of the N4 that are motorway-standard are designated the M4 motorway. Road standard The N4 originates at an intersection with the M50 motorway at Junction 7. This is also Junction 1 of the N/M4. The Liffey Valley Shopping Centre is located at Junction 2. The road has three lanes and a bus lane in each direction between the M50 and the start of the M4 at Leixlip. The N4 was the only one of the main inter-urban national routes whose dual-carriageway section continued into the city centre; however, the section inside the M50 was re-classified as the R148 in 2012. Heading west, the PPP motorway section (see below) ends west of Kinnegad, and the motorway terminates 5  km further west; it continues as HQDC and bypasses Mullingar. From ...
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River Liffey
The River Liffey (Irish: ''An Life'', historically ''An Ruirthe(a)ch'') is a river in eastern Ireland that ultimately flows through the centre of Dublin to its mouth within Dublin Bay. Its major tributaries include the River Dodder, the River Poddle and the River Camac. The river supplies much of Dublin's water and supports a range of recreational activities. Name Ptolemy's ''Geography'' (2nd century AD) described a river, perhaps the Liffey, which he labelled Οβοκα (''Oboka''). Ultimately this led to the name of the River Avoca in County Wicklow. The Liffey was previously named ''An Ruirthech'', meaning "fast (or strong) runner". The word ''Liphe'' (or ''Life'') referred originally to the name of the plain through which the river ran, but eventually came to refer to the river itself. The word may derive from the same root as Welsh ''llif'' (flow, stream), namely Proto-Indo-European ''lē̆i-4'', but Gearóid Mac Eoin has more recently proposed that it may derive from a n ...
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West European Time
Western European Time (WET, UTC±00:00) is a time zone covering parts of western Europe and consists of countries using UTC±00:00 (also known as Greenwich Mean Time, shortly called GMT). It is one of the three standard time zones in the European Union along with Central European Time and Eastern European Time. The following Western European countries and regions use UTC±00:00 in winter months: *Portugal, since 1912 with pauses (except Azores, UTC−01:00) *United Kingdom and Crown Dependencies, since 1847 in England, Scotland, Wales, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man, and since 1916 in Northern Ireland, with pauses *Ireland, since 1916, except between 1968 and 1971 *Canary Islands, since 1946 (rest of Spain is CET, UTC+01:00) *Faroe Islands, since 1908 *Madeira islands, since 1912 with pauses * North Eastern Greenland ( Danmarkshavn and surrounding area) *Iceland, since 1968, without summer time changes All the above countries except Iceland implement daylight savin ...
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Chapelizod
Chapelizod () is a village preserved within the city of Dublin, Ireland. It lies in the wooded valley of the River Liffey, near the Strawberry Beds and the Phoenix Park. The village is associated with Iseult of Ireland and the location of Iseult's chapel. Chapelizod is under the administration of Dublin City Council. Location The civil parish of Chapelizod is part of the barony of Castleknock. The parish consists of a single townland of the same name. However, 465 acres are within the walls of the Phoenix Park while the village proper, outside the walls, contains only 67 acres. It is the only parish of the barony that lies outside the territory of the modern county of Fingal. History The origins of Chapelizod are obscure. There is evidence of Neolithic settlement between the southern ridge of the Phoenix Park and the Liffey and several burial mounds exist to the north of the village. Aerial photography has also revealed several prehistoric and early medieval settlements in t ...
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Medieval Hospital
The history of hospitals began in antiquity with hospitals in Greece, the Roman Empire and on the Indian subcontinent as well, starting with precursors in the Asclepian temples in ancient Greece and then the military hospitals in ancient Rome. The Greek temples were dedicated to the sick and infirm but did not look anything like modern hospitals. The Romans did not have dedicated, public hospitals. Public hospitals, per se, did not exist until the Christian period. Towards the end of the 4th century, the "second medical revolution" took place with the founding of the first Christian hospital in the eastern Byzantine Empire by Basil of Caesarea, and within a few decades, such hospitals had become ubiquitous in Byzantine society. The hospital would undergo development and progress throughout Byzantine, medieval European and Islamic societies from the 5th to the 15th century. European exploration brought hospitals to colonies in North America, Africa, and Asia. Early Chinese and ...
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