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Paleobiota Of The Yixian Formation
The Yixian Formation () is a geological formation in Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, that spans about 1.6 million years during the early Cretaceous period (Barremian- Aptian stage). It is known for its fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...s, listed below. The Yixian Formation is divided into the following subunits: (ages from Zhong et al., 2021 unless otherwise noted) * Upper Yixian (124.1 Ma) ("Jingangshan Bed") ("Dawangzhangzi Bed") * Upper Lava Unit * Jianshangou Unit (125.46 Ma) * Lower Lava Unit * Lujiatun Unit (125.76-125.68 Ma) Sauropods Ornithischians The dinosaurs listed below were compiled in a survey by Xu and Norell in 2006, unless otherwise noted. Theropods The dinosaurs listed below were compiled in a survey by Xu and Norell i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somphospondylan
Somphospondyli is an extinct clade of titanosauriform sauropods that lived from the Late Jurassic until the end of the Late Cretaceous, comprising all titanosauriforms more closely related to Titanosauria proper than Brachiosauridae. The remains of somphospondylans have been discovered in all six continents. Classification The group has officially been defined under the PhyloCode as the largest clade containing ''Saltasaurus loricatus'', but not ''Giraffatitan brancai.'' Features found as diagnostic of this clade by Mannion ''et al.'' (2013) include the possession of at least 15 cervical vertebrae; a bevelled radius bone end; sacral vertebrae with camellate internal texture; convex posterior articular surfaces of middle to posterior caudal vertebrae; biconvex distal caudal vertebrae; humerus anterolateral corner "squared"; among multiple others. The following cladogram depicts the reference phylogeny used to defined Somphospondlyi under the PhyloCode The ''Internationa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psittacosaurus
''Psittacosaurus'' ( ; "parrot lizard") is a genus of extinct ceratopsian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of what is now Asia, existing between 126 and 101 million years ago. It is notable for being the most species-rich non-avian dinosaur genus. Up to 12 species are known, from across China, Mongolia, Russia, and Thailand. The species of ''Psittacosaurus'' were obligate bipeds at adulthood, with a high skull and a robust beak. One individual was found preserved with long filaments on the tail, similar to those of ''Tianyulong''. ''Psittacosaurus'' probably had complex behaviours, based on the proportions and relative size of the brain. It may have been active for short periods of time during the day and night, and had well-developed senses of smell and vision. ''Psittacosaurus'' was one of the earliest ceratopsians, but closer to ''Triceratops'' than ''Yinlong''. Once in its own family, Psittacosauridae, with other genera like ''Hongshanosaurus'', it is now considered to be s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ankylosauria
Ankylosauria is a group of herbivorous dinosaurs of the order Ornithischia. It includes the great majority of dinosaurs with armor in the form of bony osteoderms, similar to turtles. Ankylosaurs were bulky quadrupeds, with short, powerful limbs. They are known to have first appeared in the Middle Jurassic, and persisted until the end of the Cretaceous Period. The two main families of Ankylosaurs, Nodosauridae and Ankylosauridae are primarily known from the Northern Hemisphere, but the more basal Parankylosauria are known from southern Gondwana during the Cretaceous. Ankylosauria was first named by Henry Fairfield Osborn in 1923.Osborn, H. F. (1923). "Two Lower Cretaceous dinosaurs of Mongolia." ''American Museum Novitates'', 95: 1–1/ref> In the Linnaean classification system, the group is usually considered either a suborder or an infraorder. It is contained within the group Thyreophora, which also includes the stegosaurs, armored dinosaurs known for their combination of plate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liaoceratops
''Liaoceratops'', meaning "Liaoning horned face", is a ceratopsian dinosaur believed to be an early relative of the horned ceratopsids. It lived in the Early Cretaceous, 126 million years ago. It was discovered in China by a team of American and Chinese scientists. ''Liaoceratops'' was much smaller than its later relatives, but offers a glimpse into the early evolution of this group of dinosaurs. Discoveries and naming ''Liaoceratops'' was discovered in the famous Liaoning Province of China, where several fossils of feathered dinosaurs have also been collected. The type species ''Liaoceratops yanzigouensis'' was in 2002 named and described by Xu Xing, Peter Makovicky, Wang Xiaolin, Mark Norell and You Hailu. The generic name is derived from Liaoning and the Greek ''keras'', "horn" and ''ops'', "face". The specific name refers to the town Yanzigou. The holotype IVPP V12738 has been found in the Yixian Formation dating from the Barremian. These beds have also yielded fossil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jinzhousaurus
''Jinzhousaurus'' is a genus of hadrosauroid dinosaur of the Early Cretaceous of China. The type species is ''Jinzhousaurus yangi''. The generic name refers to the town Jinzhou. The specific name honours Yang Zhongjian as the founder of Chinese paleontology. It was first described by Wang Xiao-lin and Xu Xing in 2001. Discovery Its fossil, holotype IVPP V12691, was found near Baicaigou in Yixian County in the Dawangzhangzi Beds of the Yixian Formation in Liaoning, China, having an oldest determinable age of 122 million years, during the early Aptian stage of the early Cretaceous Period.Zhou, Z. (2006). "Evolutionary radiation of the Jehol Biota: chronological and ecological perspectives." ''Geological Journal'', 41: 377-393. It consists of a nearly complete skeleton, compressed on a slab. Description ''Jinzhousaurus'' has a length of about 7 metres (23 ft) and its skull is about half a metre long. Its snout was elongated with large nares and lacking an antorbi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beipiao
Beipiao () is a city in Chaoyang prefecture, Liaoning province, in Northeast China. It has a population of 202,807. The main industry in the area is coal mining. With vertical shafts of almost 1000m, these are some of the deepest coal mines in China. The coal produced is used for coking. Daheishan National Forest Park is located in the northwestern part of Beipiao city. The dinosaur '' Beipiaosaurus'' was named after the city where its fossils were found nearby. Administrative Divisions There are 7 subdistricts, 7 towns, 17 townships, and 2 ethnic townships under the administration of the city. Subdistricts: * Nanshan Subdistrict (), Taiji Subdistrict (), Sanbao Subdistrict (), Qiaobei Subdistrict (), Chengguan Subdistrict (), Guanshan Subdistrict (), Dongtaiji Subdistrict () Towns: * Baoguolao (), Heichengzi (), Xiguanying (), Shangyuan (), Wujianfang (), Daban (), Taohuatu () Townships: * Dongguanying Township (), Sanbao Township (), Quanjuyong Township (), San ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Changmiania
''Changmiania'' (from the Chinese "changmian", meaning "eternal sleep") is a genus of basal ornithopod dinosaur that lived in what is now China during the Early Cretaceous. It contains a single species, ''Changmiania liaoningensis''. Discovery and naming The taxon is represented by two near-complete articulated skeletons: the holotype specimen, PMOL AD00114; and a referred specimen, PMOL LFV022. These remains were discovered in the Barremian age, 123.2 million years old, Lujiatun Beds of the Yixian Formation by local farmers and partially prepared. They were acquired by the Paleontological Museum of Liaoning at Shenyang, which completed the preparation. No indications were found that the fossils had been tampered with by fossil thieves. The perfect life-like positions of these specimens suggest that they were buried alive, possibly in their own burrows. In 2020, the type species ''Changmiania liaoningensis'' was named and described by Yang Yuqing, Wu Wenhao, Paul-Emile Dieudo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psittacosaurus Lujiatunensis BW
''Psittacosaurus'' ( ; " parrot lizard") is a genus of extinct ceratopsian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of what is now Asia, existing between 126 and 101 million years ago. It is notable for being the most species-rich non-avian dinosaur genus. Up to 12 species are known, from across China, Mongolia, Russia, and Thailand. The species of ''Psittacosaurus'' were obligate bipeds at adulthood, with a high skull and a robust beak. One individual was found preserved with long filaments on the tail, similar to those of ''Tianyulong''. ''Psittacosaurus'' probably had complex behaviours, based on the proportions and relative size of the brain. It may have been active for short periods of time during the day and night, and had well-developed senses of smell and vision. ''Psittacosaurus'' was one of the earliest ceratopsians, but closer to '' Triceratops'' than '' Yinlong''. Once in its own family, Psittacosauridae, with other genera like ''Hongshanosaurus'', it is now consid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liaoningosaurus
''Liaoningosaurus'' is an unusual genus of ankylosaurian dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous period of China. It contains a single species, ''Liaoningosaurus paradoxus'', and is represented by two fossil specimens collected from the Yixian Formation (Aptian age) of Liaoning. ''L. paradoxus'' was unusual among advanced ornithischian dinosaurs in that it is speculated to have hunted or scavenged, with preserved gut contents showing that it may have eaten fish. Additionally, some features of its skeleton may suggest that it was partially aquatic.Ji Q., Wu X., Cheng Y., Ten F., Wang X., and Ji Y. 2016Fish-hunting ankylosaurs (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Cretaceous of China ''Journal of Geology'', 40(2) . The type species ''L. paradoxus'' was named in 2001. The generic name refers to Liaoning. The specific name refers to the confusing mix of nodosaurid and ankylosaurid features shown by the specimen. Discovery The holotype IVPP V12560 is an articulated skeleton measuring ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liaoceratops BW
''Liaoceratops'', meaning "Liaoning horned face", is a ceratopsian dinosaur believed to be an early relative of the horned ceratopsids. It lived in the Early Cretaceous, 126 million years ago. It was discovered in China by a team of American and Chinese scientists. ''Liaoceratops'' was much smaller than its later relatives, but offers a glimpse into the early evolution of this group of dinosaurs. Discoveries and naming ''Liaoceratops'' was discovered in the famous Liaoning Province of China, where several fossils of feathered dinosaurs have also been collected. The type species ''Liaoceratops yanzigouensis'' was in 2002 named and described by Xu Xing, Peter Makovicky, Wang Xiaolin, Mark Norell and You Hailu. The generic name is derived from Liaoning and the Greek ''keras'', "horn" and ''ops'', "face". The specific name refers to the town Yanzigou. The holotype IVPP V12738 has been found in the Yixian Formation dating from the Barremian. These beds have also yielded fossil i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeholosaurus
''Jeholosaurus'' is a genus of neornithischian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Period. It is thought to have been a herbivorous small ornithopod. History of discovery The first two ''Jeholosaurus'' specimens were found in 2000 at Lujiatun near Beipiao City, Liaoning Province, China, and named and described the same year by Xu Xing, Wang Xioalin and You Hailu. The type and only known species is ''Jeholosaurus shangyuanensis''. The generic name ''Jeholosaurus'' means "lizard from Jehol"; Jehol is the name of a historical province situated in western Liaoning and northern Hebei. The specific name refers to the geographical area of Shangyuan where the fossil site is located. The type specimen of ''Jeholosaurus'', on which the genus is based, is IVPP V 12529. It was found in a layer of the early Yixian Formation, dating from the early Aptian, about 126-125 million years old. The layers consist of fluvial sandstone interspersed with tuff and it is thought that an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
