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Pakenham Railway Line
The Pakenham line is a commuter railway line in the city of Melbourne, Victoria. Operated by Metro Trains Melbourne, it is the longest metropolitan railway line at 57 km (35.42 mi). Coloured light blue on the Melbourne rail map, the line runs from Flinders Street station in central Melbourne to Pakenham station in the south-east, serving 27 stations via the City Loop, South Yarra, Caulfield, Oakleigh, and Dandenong. The line operates for ~20 hours a day (from approximately 4:00 am to around midnight) with 24 hour service available on Friday nights and weekends. During peak hour, headways of up to 6 to 12 minutes are operated with services every 20 minutes during off-peak hours. Trains on the Pakenham line run with a seven-car formation operated by HCMTs. Sections of the Pakenham line opened as early as 1859, with the line fully extended to Pakenham in October 1877. A limited number of stations were first opened, with infill stations progressively opened between 1879 and 201 ...
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Commuter Rail
Commuter rail, or suburban rail, is a passenger rail transport service that primarily operates within a metropolitan area, connecting commuters to a central city from adjacent suburbs or commuter towns. Generally commuter rail systems are considered heavy rail, using electrified or diesel trains. Distance charges or zone pricing may be used. The term can refer to systems with a wide variety of different features and service frequencies, but is often used in contrast to rapid transit or light rail. Similar non-English terms include ''Treno suburbano'' in Italian, ''Cercanías'' in Spanish, Aldiriak in Basque, Rodalia in Catalan/Valencian, Proximidades in Galician, ''Proastiakos'' in Greek, ''Train de banlieue'' in French, '' Banliyö treni '' in Turkish, ''Příměstský vlak'' or ''Esko'' in Czech, ''Elektrichka'' in Russian, ''Pociąg podmiejski '' in Polish and ''Pendeltåg'' in Swedish. Some services share similarities with both commuter rail and high-frequency rapid ...
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Volt
The volt (symbol: V) is the unit of electric potential, electric potential difference (voltage), and electromotive force in the International System of Units (SI). It is named after the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta (1745–1827). Definition One volt is defined as the electric potential between two points of a conducting wire when an electric current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power between those points. Equivalently, it is the potential difference between two points that will impart one joule of energy per coulomb of charge that passes through it. It can be expressed in terms of SI base units ( m, kg, second, s, and ampere, A) as : \text = \frac = \frac = \frac. It can also be expressed as amperes times ohms (current times resistance, Ohm's law), webers per second (magnetic flux per time), watts per ampere (power per current), or joules per coulomb (energy per charge), which is also equivalent to electronvolts per elementary charge: : \text = \tex ...
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Dandenong, Victoria
Dandenong is a list of Melbourne suburbs#Southeastern municipalities and their suburbs, southeastern suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, about from the Melbourne CBD. It is the municipal council, council county seat, seat of the City of Greater Dandenong local government areas of Victoria, local government area, with a recorded population of 30,127 at the . Situated mainly on the northwest bank of the lower Dandenong Creek, it is from the eponymous Dandenong Ranges to its northeast and completely unrelated in both location and nature of the settlement. A regional transport hub and manufacturing center of Victoria, Dandenong is located at the junctional region of the Dandenong Valley Highway, Princes Highway, Monash Freeway and Dingley Freeway, and is the gateway town of the Gippsland railway line into West Gippsland. It is directly neighbored from the north and south by two sister suburbs Dandenong North and Dandenong South, from the east by Doveton, and from the nort ...
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Oakleigh, Victoria
Oakleigh is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria (Australia), Victoria, Australia 14 km south-east of Melbourne's Melbourne city centre, Central Business District, located within the City of Monash Local government areas of Victoria, local government area. Oakleigh recorded a population of 8,442 at the 2021 Australian census, 2021 census. Once a large independent city, Oakleigh was absorbed into Melbourne as part of the eastward expansion of the metropolis in the 1950s. As a result, it once had its own large historic Central Business District, its own municipality in the former City of Oakleigh and its own suburbs. The area is traditionally known to have a strong Greek cultural influence, largely due to the influx of said immigrants to Australia in the mid-20th century. Fourteen per cent of those living in the suburb speak only Greek language, Greek at home. Although the origin of the name of the suburb, "Oakleigh," is unclear, local historians have three main theories – that ...
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Caulfield, Victoria
Caulfield is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Glen Eira local government area. Caulfield recorded a population of 5,748 at the 2021 census. It is bounded by Kooyong Road in the west, Glen Eira Road in the north, Glen Huntly Road in the south and Booran Road in the east. Caulfield is best known as the location of Caulfield Racecourse and the Caulfield campus of Monash University. History Toponymy The origin of the name of Caulfield is not known for certain, but the name seemed to be linked with Baron Caulfield of Ireland, perhaps through John Caulfield, a pioneer of the colony. The name Caulfield was in use by 1853, and the early maps always place it somewhere around the racecourse. Pre-European history The local Yalukit people were coastal and dependent on seafoods, so few Aboriginal relics have been found in Caulfield. Nevertheless, some contact did occur in the area between Aborigin ...
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Headway
Headway is the distance or duration between vehicles in a transit system measured in space or time. The ''minimum headway'' is the shortest such distance or time achievable by a system without a reduction in the speed of vehicles. The precise definition varies depending on the application, but it is most commonly measured as the distance from the tip (front end) of one vehicle to the tip of the next one behind it. It can be expressed as the distance between vehicles, or as time it will take for the trailing vehicle to cover that distance. A "shorter" headway signifies closer spacing between the vehicles. Airplanes operate with headways measured in hours or days, freight train Rail freight transport is the use of railroads and trains to transport cargo as opposed to human passengers. A freight train, cargo train, or goods train is a group of freight cars (US) or goods wagons (International Union of Railways) haul ...s and commuter rail systems might have headways measured in ...
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Dandenong Railway Station
Dandenong railway station is the junction for the Pakenham and Cranbourne lines in Victoria, Australia. It serves the south-eastern Melbourne suburb of Dandenong, and it opened on 8 October 1877.Dandenong
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The station is also serviced by 's and line services. A number of train stabling sidings< ...
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Oakleigh Railway Station
Oakleigh railway station is located on the Pakenham and Cranbourne lines in Victoria, Australia. It serves the south-eastern Melbourne suburb of Oakleigh, and it opened on 8 October 1877. History In 1877, a separate station was constructed at the city ( Up) end of the railway line from Gippsland, with the current station site developed by 1879, when the line from South Yarra was completed. The station later served as the eastern end of both the Outer Circle and the Rosstown lines. Since 1989, the station has featured over 40 plywood cut-outs on its walls and surrounding the station. These illustrate the life-stories of Oakleigh residents, who were aged between 15 and 70, when the murals were unveiled in September of that year. They underwent restoration in 2002. About half of these have since been restored, and glue can still be seen on the walls of the station building where the remainder had previously been placed. On 12 December 1995, Oakleigh was upgraded to a Premi ...
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Caulfield Railway Station
Caulfield railway station is a Commuter rail, commuter railway station on the northern boundary of Caulfield East, Victoria, Caulfield East, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The station is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register, and was opened on 7 May 1879. The station is named after the nearby suburb of Caulfield, Victoria, Caulfield—located south-west of the station. The station consists of an island platform and two Side platform, side platforms all accessed by a Subway (underpass), pedestrian underpass. There are three principal station buildings located on the platforms, including a small brick building located on Platform 1, near the main platform building. This building was provided in 1974, and originally served as a race ticket office. The station is only partially Accessibility, accessible due to a steep access ramp. Caulfield railway station is served by the Pakenham railway line, Pakenham, Cranbourne railway line, Cranbourne, Frankston railway line, F ...
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South Yarra Railway Station
South Yarra railway station is the junction for the Pakenham, Cranbourne, Frankston and Sandringham lines in Victoria, Australia. It serves the south-eastern Melbourne suburb of South Yarra, and opened on 22 December 1860 as Gardiners Creek Road. It was renamed South Yarra on 1 January 1867.South Yarra
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's Bairnsdale rail services ( Gippsland line) pass non-stop through the station.


History

South Yarra was opened on 22 December 1860, by the
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Victoria (Australia)
Victoria is a state in southeastern Australia. It is the second-smallest state with a land area of , the second most populated state (after New South Wales) with a population of over 6.5 million, and the most densely populated state in Australia (28 per km2). Victoria is bordered by New South Wales to the north and South Australia to the west, and is bounded by the Bass Strait to the south (with the exception of a small land border with Tasmania located along Boundary Islet), the Great Australian Bight portion of the Southern Ocean to the southwest, and the Tasman Sea (a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean) to the southeast. The state encompasses a range of climates and geographical features from its temperate coastal and central regions to the Victorian Alps in the northeast and the semi-arid north-west. The majority of the Victorian population is concentrated in the central-south area surrounding Port Phillip Bay, and in particular within the metropolit ...
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Railways In Melbourne
The Melbourne rail network is a passenger and freight train system in the city of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The metropolitan passenger rail network is centred on the Melbourne CBD and consists of 222 stations across 16 lines, which served a ridership of 99.5 million over the year 2021-2022. It is the core of the larger Victorian railway network, with links to both intrastate and interstate systems. The first steam train in Australia commenced service in Melbourne in 1854, with the metropolitan network having grown over the last two centuries to cover much of the city. Metro Trains Melbourne operates the Melbourne metropolitan railway network under franchise from the Government of Victoria, while the government-owned entity V/Line operates trains from Melbourne across regional Victoria. The metropolitan network is a suburban rail system designed to transport passengers from Melbourne's suburbs into the Melbourne central business district (CBD) and associated city ...
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