Paid In Full (1919 Film)

	Paid In Full (1919 Film) ''Paid in Full'' is a lost 1919 American silent drama film starring Pauline Frederick and directed by Emile Chautard. It was produced by Famous Players-Lasky and released by Paramount Pictures. The film is based on the hit 1908 Broadway stage play ''Paid in Full'' by Eugene Walter which starred Lillian Albertson. Two previous silent films appeared in 1910 as a short and in 1914 as a feature. Cast Pauline Frederick Pauline Frederick (born Pauline Beatrice Libbey, August 12, 1883 – September 19, 1938) was an American stage and film actress. Early life Frederick was born Pauline Beatrice Libbey (later changed to Libby) in Boston in 1883 (some sources stat ... as Emma Brooks Robert Cain as Joe Brooks * Wyndham Standing as Jimsy Smith * Frank Losee as Captain Williams Jane Farrell as Mrs. Harris Vera Beresford as Beth Harris References External links * Lithograph lobby poster 1919 films American silent feature films Lost American films American films based on play ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Emile Chautard Emil or Emile may refer to: Literature ''Emile, or On Education'' (1762), a treatise on education by Jean-Jacques Rousseau ''Émile'' (novel) (1827), an autobiographical novel based on Émile de Girardin's early life ''Emil and the Detectives'' (1929), a children's novel "Emil", nickname of the Kurt Maschler Award for integrated text and illustration (1982–1999) ''Emil i Lönneberga'', a series of children's novels by Astrid Lindgren Military Emil (tank), a Swedish tank developed in the 1950s * Sturer Emil, a German tank destroyer People Emil (given name), including a list of people with the given name ''Emil'' or ''Emile'' Aquila Emil (died 2011), Papua New Guinean rugby league footballer Other * ''Emile'' (film), a Canadian film made in 2003 by Carl Bessai Emil (river), in China and Kazakhstan See also * Aemilius (other) Emilio (other) Emílio (other) Emilios (other) Emilios, or Aimilios, (Greek: Αιμίλιος) is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Wyndham Standing Charles Wyndham Standing''Silent Film Necrology'', 2nd Edition by Eugene Michael Vazzana, c. 2001 page 497 (23 August 1880 – 1 February 1963) was an English film actor. Early years Standing was born in London, England and died in Los Angeles, California. He was the son of veteran actor Herbert Standing and the brother of actors Sir Guy Standing, Jack Standing, Herbert Standing Jr. and Percy Standing. He was also the uncle of Joan Standing and Kay Hammond,. and actor Charles Wyndham was his uncle. Career Standing, a popular leading man in the silent film era, appeared in more than 130 films between 1915 and 1948. He and Ronald Colman starred in the original classic '' The Dark Angel'' (1925), a film once lost but recently rediscovered. He delivered a memorable performance in '' Hell's Angels'' (1930) as the commanding officer who gets fed up with the cowardly antics of Ben Lyon and James Hall before sending them off on a deadly bombing mission. Filmography * ''Busin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	1919 Lost Films Events January * January 1 The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Bratislava, Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. HMY Iolaire, HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the coast of the Hebrides; 201 people, mostly servicemen returning home to Lewis and Harris, are killed. * January 2–January 22, 22 – Russian Civil War: The Red Army's Caspian-Caucasian Front begins the Northern Caucasus Operation (1918–1919), Northern Caucasus Operation against the White Army, but fails to make progress. * January 3 – The Faisal–Weizmann Agreement is signed by Faisal I of Iraq, Emir Faisal (representing the Arab Kingdom of Hejaz) and Zionism, Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann, for Arab–Jewish cooperation in the development of a Jewish homeland in Palestine (region), Palestine, and an Arab nation in a large part of the Middle East. * January 5 – In Germany: Spartacist uprising in B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Silent American Drama Films Silent may mean any of the following: People with the name * Silent George, George Stone (outfielder) (1876–1945), American Major League Baseball outfielder and batting champion * Brandon Silent (born 1973), South African former footballer * Charles Silent (1842-1918), German-born American jurist Arts, entertainment, and media Music * "Silent" (Gerald Walker), the first single from the rapper * Silent (rock group), a Brazilian rock group * The Silents, an Australian psychedelic rock band Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media * Dark (broadcasting) or silent, an off-air radio or TV station * Silent film, a film with no sound Other uses * Air Energy AE-1 Silent, a German self-launching ultralight sailplane * Buffalo Silents, a 1920s exhibition basketball team whose members were deaf and/or mute * Silent Family, a German aircraft manufacturer * Silent Generation, a demographic cohort between the Greatest Generation and the Baby Boomers * Silent letter, a letter in a w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Remakes Of American Films A remake is a film, television series, video game, song or similar form of entertainment that is based upon and retells the story of an earlier production in the same medium—e.g., a "new version of an existing film". A remake tells the same story as the original but uses a different cast, and may alter the theme or change the story's setting. A similar but not synonymous term is reimagining, which indicates a greater discrepancy between, for example, a movie and the movie it is based on. Film A film remake uses an earlier movie as its main source material, rather than returning to the earlier movie's source material. 2001's ''Ocean's Eleven'' is a remake of 1960's ''Ocean's 11'', while 1989's ''Batman'' is a re-interpretation of the comic book source material which also inspired 1966's ''Batman''. In 1998, Gus Van Sant produced an almost shot-for-shot remake of Alfred Hitchcock's 1960 film '' Psycho''. With the exception of shot-for-shot remakes, most remakes make signi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	American Black-and-white Films American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America American ancestry, people who self-identify their ancestry as "American" American English, the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States Native Americans in the United States, indigenous peoples of the United States * American, something of, from, or related to the Americas, also known as "America" ** Indigenous peoples of the Americas * American (word), for analysis and history of the meanings in various contexts Organizations * American Airlines, U.S.-based airline headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas * American Athletic Conference, an American college athletic conference * American Recordings (record label), a record label previously known as Def American * American University, in Washington, D.C. Sports teams Soccer * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	1919 Drama Films Events January * January 1 The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the coast of the Hebrides; 201 people, mostly servicemen returning home to Lewis and Harris, are killed. * January 2– 22 – Russian Civil War: The Red Army's Caspian-Caucasian Front begins the Northern Caucasus Operation against the White Army, but fails to make progress. * January 3 – The Faisal–Weizmann Agreement is signed by Emir Faisal (representing the Arab Kingdom of Hejaz) and Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann, for Arab–Jewish cooperation in the development of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, and an Arab nation in a large part of the Middle East. * January 5 – In Germany: Spartacist uprising in Berlin: The Marxist Spartacus League, with the newly formed Communist Party of Germany and the Independent Social De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Films Directed By Emile Chautard A film also called a movie, motion picture, moving picture, picture, photoplay or (slang) flick is a work of visual art that simulates experiences and otherwise communicates ideas, stories, perceptions, feelings, beauty, or atmosphere through the use of moving images. These images are generally accompanied by sound and, more rarely, other sensory stimulations. The word "cinema", short for cinematography, is often used to refer to filmmaking and the film industry, and to the art form that is the result of it. Recording and transmission of film The moving images of a film are created by photographing actual scenes with a motion-picture camera, by photographing drawings or miniature models using traditional animation techniques, by means of CGI and computer animation, or by a combination of some or all of these techniques, and other visual effects. Before the introduction of digital production, series of still images were recorded on a strip of chemically sensitized ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	American Films Based On Plays American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America American ancestry, people who self-identify their ancestry as "American" American English, the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States Native Americans in the United States, indigenous peoples of the United States * American, something of, from, or related to the Americas, also known as "America" ** Indigenous peoples of the Americas * American (word), for analysis and history of the meanings in various contexts Organizations * American Airlines, U.S.-based airline headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas * American Athletic Conference, an American college athletic conference * American Recordings (record label), a record label previously known as Def American * American University, in Washington, D.C. Sports teams Soccer * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Lost American Films Lost may refer to getting lost, or to: Geography Lost, Aberdeenshire, a hamlet in Scotland Lake Okeechobee Scenic Trail, or LOST, a hiking and cycling trail in Florida, US History Abbreviation of lost work, any work which is known to have been created but has not survived to the present day Arts, entertainment, and media Films ''Lost'' (1950 film), a Mexican film directed by Fernando A. Rivero * ''Lost'' (1956 film), a British thriller starring David Farrar * ''Lost'' (1983 film), an American film directed by Al Adamson * ''Lost!'' (film), a 1986 Canadian film directed by Peter Rowe * ''Lost'' (2004 film), an American thriller starring Dean Cain * ''The Lost'' (2006 film), an American psychological horror starring Marc Senter Games '' Lost: Via Domus'', a 2008 video game by Ubisoft based on the ''Lost'' TV series ''The Lost'' (video game), a 2002 vaporware game by Irrational Games Literature * ''Lost'' (Maguire novel), a 2001 horror/mystery novel by Gregory Maguire * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	American Silent Feature Films American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America American ancestry, people who self-identify their ancestry as "American" American English, the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States Native Americans in the United States, indigenous peoples of the United States * American, something of, from, or related to the Americas, also known as "America" ** Indigenous peoples of the Americas * American (word), for analysis and history of the meanings in various contexts Organizations * American Airlines, U.S.-based airline headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas * American Athletic Conference, an American college athletic conference * American Recordings (record label), a record label previously known as Def American * American University, in Washington, D.C. Sports teams Soccer * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	1919 Films Events January * January 1 The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Bratislava, Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. HMY Iolaire, HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the coast of the Hebrides; 201 people, mostly servicemen returning home to Lewis and Harris, are killed. * January 2–January 22, 22 – Russian Civil War: The Red Army's Caspian-Caucasian Front begins the Northern Caucasus Operation (1918–1919), Northern Caucasus Operation against the White Army, but fails to make progress. * January 3 – The Faisal–Weizmann Agreement is signed by Faisal I of Iraq, Emir Faisal (representing the Arab Kingdom of Hejaz) and Zionism, Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann, for Arab–Jewish cooperation in the development of a Jewish homeland in Palestine (region), Palestine, and an Arab nation in a large part of the Middle East. * January 5 – In Germany: Spartacist uprising in B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]

	Paid In Full (1919 Film) ''Paid in Full'' is a lost 1919 American silent drama film starring Pauline Frederick and directed by Emile Chautard. It was produced by Famous Players-Lasky and released by Paramount Pictures. The film is based on the hit 1908 Broadway stage play ''Paid in Full'' by Eugene Walter which starred Lillian Albertson. Two previous silent films appeared in 1910 as a short and in 1914 as a feature. Cast Pauline Frederick Pauline Frederick (born Pauline Beatrice Libbey, August 12, 1883 – September 19, 1938) was an American stage and film actress. Early life Frederick was born Pauline Beatrice Libbey (later changed to Libby) in Boston in 1883 (some sources stat ... as Emma Brooks Robert Cain as Joe Brooks * Wyndham Standing as Jimsy Smith * Frank Losee as Captain Williams Jane Farrell as Mrs. Harris Vera Beresford as Beth Harris References External links * Lithograph lobby poster 1919 films American silent feature films Lost American films American films based on play ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Emile Chautard Emil or Emile may refer to: Literature ''Emile, or On Education'' (1762), a treatise on education by Jean-Jacques Rousseau ''Émile'' (novel) (1827), an autobiographical novel based on Émile de Girardin's early life ''Emil and the Detectives'' (1929), a children's novel "Emil", nickname of the Kurt Maschler Award for integrated text and illustration (1982–1999) ''Emil i Lönneberga'', a series of children's novels by Astrid Lindgren Military Emil (tank), a Swedish tank developed in the 1950s * Sturer Emil, a German tank destroyer People Emil (given name), including a list of people with the given name ''Emil'' or ''Emile'' Aquila Emil (died 2011), Papua New Guinean rugby league footballer Other * ''Emile'' (film), a Canadian film made in 2003 by Carl Bessai Emil (river), in China and Kazakhstan See also * Aemilius (other) Emilio (other) Emílio (other) Emilios (other) Emilios, or Aimilios, (Greek: Αιμίλιος) is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Wyndham Standing Charles Wyndham Standing''Silent Film Necrology'', 2nd Edition by Eugene Michael Vazzana, c. 2001 page 497 (23 August 1880 – 1 February 1963) was an English film actor. Early years Standing was born in London, England and died in Los Angeles, California. He was the son of veteran actor Herbert Standing and the brother of actors Sir Guy Standing, Jack Standing, Herbert Standing Jr. and Percy Standing. He was also the uncle of Joan Standing and Kay Hammond,. and actor Charles Wyndham was his uncle. Career Standing, a popular leading man in the silent film era, appeared in more than 130 films between 1915 and 1948. He and Ronald Colman starred in the original classic '' The Dark Angel'' (1925), a film once lost but recently rediscovered. He delivered a memorable performance in '' Hell's Angels'' (1930) as the commanding officer who gets fed up with the cowardly antics of Ben Lyon and James Hall before sending them off on a deadly bombing mission. Filmography * ''Busin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	1919 Lost Films Events January * January 1 The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Bratislava, Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. HMY Iolaire, HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the coast of the Hebrides; 201 people, mostly servicemen returning home to Lewis and Harris, are killed. * January 2–January 22, 22 – Russian Civil War: The Red Army's Caspian-Caucasian Front begins the Northern Caucasus Operation (1918–1919), Northern Caucasus Operation against the White Army, but fails to make progress. * January 3 – The Faisal–Weizmann Agreement is signed by Faisal I of Iraq, Emir Faisal (representing the Arab Kingdom of Hejaz) and Zionism, Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann, for Arab–Jewish cooperation in the development of a Jewish homeland in Palestine (region), Palestine, and an Arab nation in a large part of the Middle East. * January 5 – In Germany: Spartacist uprising in B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Silent American Drama Films Silent may mean any of the following: People with the name * Silent George, George Stone (outfielder) (1876–1945), American Major League Baseball outfielder and batting champion * Brandon Silent (born 1973), South African former footballer * Charles Silent (1842-1918), German-born American jurist Arts, entertainment, and media Music * "Silent" (Gerald Walker), the first single from the rapper * Silent (rock group), a Brazilian rock group * The Silents, an Australian psychedelic rock band Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media * Dark (broadcasting) or silent, an off-air radio or TV station * Silent film, a film with no sound Other uses * Air Energy AE-1 Silent, a German self-launching ultralight sailplane * Buffalo Silents, a 1920s exhibition basketball team whose members were deaf and/or mute * Silent Family, a German aircraft manufacturer * Silent Generation, a demographic cohort between the Greatest Generation and the Baby Boomers * Silent letter, a letter in a w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Remakes Of American Films A remake is a film, television series, video game, song or similar form of entertainment that is based upon and retells the story of an earlier production in the same medium—e.g., a "new version of an existing film". A remake tells the same story as the original but uses a different cast, and may alter the theme or change the story's setting. A similar but not synonymous term is reimagining, which indicates a greater discrepancy between, for example, a movie and the movie it is based on. Film A film remake uses an earlier movie as its main source material, rather than returning to the earlier movie's source material. 2001's ''Ocean's Eleven'' is a remake of 1960's ''Ocean's 11'', while 1989's ''Batman'' is a re-interpretation of the comic book source material which also inspired 1966's ''Batman''. In 1998, Gus Van Sant produced an almost shot-for-shot remake of Alfred Hitchcock's 1960 film '' Psycho''. With the exception of shot-for-shot remakes, most remakes make signi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	American Black-and-white Films American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America American ancestry, people who self-identify their ancestry as "American" American English, the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States Native Americans in the United States, indigenous peoples of the United States * American, something of, from, or related to the Americas, also known as "America" ** Indigenous peoples of the Americas * American (word), for analysis and history of the meanings in various contexts Organizations * American Airlines, U.S.-based airline headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas * American Athletic Conference, an American college athletic conference * American Recordings (record label), a record label previously known as Def American * American University, in Washington, D.C. Sports teams Soccer * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	1919 Drama Films Events January * January 1 The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the coast of the Hebrides; 201 people, mostly servicemen returning home to Lewis and Harris, are killed. * January 2– 22 – Russian Civil War: The Red Army's Caspian-Caucasian Front begins the Northern Caucasus Operation against the White Army, but fails to make progress. * January 3 – The Faisal–Weizmann Agreement is signed by Emir Faisal (representing the Arab Kingdom of Hejaz) and Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann, for Arab–Jewish cooperation in the development of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, and an Arab nation in a large part of the Middle East. * January 5 – In Germany: Spartacist uprising in Berlin: The Marxist Spartacus League, with the newly formed Communist Party of Germany and the Independent Social De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Films Directed By Emile Chautard A film also called a movie, motion picture, moving picture, picture, photoplay or (slang) flick is a work of visual art that simulates experiences and otherwise communicates ideas, stories, perceptions, feelings, beauty, or atmosphere through the use of moving images. These images are generally accompanied by sound and, more rarely, other sensory stimulations. The word "cinema", short for cinematography, is often used to refer to filmmaking and the film industry, and to the art form that is the result of it. Recording and transmission of film The moving images of a film are created by photographing actual scenes with a motion-picture camera, by photographing drawings or miniature models using traditional animation techniques, by means of CGI and computer animation, or by a combination of some or all of these techniques, and other visual effects. Before the introduction of digital production, series of still images were recorded on a strip of chemically sensitized ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	American Films Based On Plays American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America American ancestry, people who self-identify their ancestry as "American" American English, the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States Native Americans in the United States, indigenous peoples of the United States * American, something of, from, or related to the Americas, also known as "America" ** Indigenous peoples of the Americas * American (word), for analysis and history of the meanings in various contexts Organizations * American Airlines, U.S.-based airline headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas * American Athletic Conference, an American college athletic conference * American Recordings (record label), a record label previously known as Def American * American University, in Washington, D.C. Sports teams Soccer * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Lost American Films Lost may refer to getting lost, or to: Geography Lost, Aberdeenshire, a hamlet in Scotland Lake Okeechobee Scenic Trail, or LOST, a hiking and cycling trail in Florida, US History Abbreviation of lost work, any work which is known to have been created but has not survived to the present day Arts, entertainment, and media Films ''Lost'' (1950 film), a Mexican film directed by Fernando A. Rivero * ''Lost'' (1956 film), a British thriller starring David Farrar * ''Lost'' (1983 film), an American film directed by Al Adamson * ''Lost!'' (film), a 1986 Canadian film directed by Peter Rowe * ''Lost'' (2004 film), an American thriller starring Dean Cain * ''The Lost'' (2006 film), an American psychological horror starring Marc Senter Games '' Lost: Via Domus'', a 2008 video game by Ubisoft based on the ''Lost'' TV series ''The Lost'' (video game), a 2002 vaporware game by Irrational Games Literature * ''Lost'' (Maguire novel), a 2001 horror/mystery novel by Gregory Maguire * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	American Silent Feature Films American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America American ancestry, people who self-identify their ancestry as "American" American English, the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States Native Americans in the United States, indigenous peoples of the United States * American, something of, from, or related to the Americas, also known as "America" ** Indigenous peoples of the Americas * American (word), for analysis and history of the meanings in various contexts Organizations * American Airlines, U.S.-based airline headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas * American Athletic Conference, an American college athletic conference * American Recordings (record label), a record label previously known as Def American * American University, in Washington, D.C. Sports teams Soccer * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	1919 Films Events January * January 1 The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Bratislava, Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. HMY Iolaire, HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the coast of the Hebrides; 201 people, mostly servicemen returning home to Lewis and Harris, are killed. * January 2–January 22, 22 – Russian Civil War: The Red Army's Caspian-Caucasian Front begins the Northern Caucasus Operation (1918–1919), Northern Caucasus Operation against the White Army, but fails to make progress. * January 3 – The Faisal–Weizmann Agreement is signed by Faisal I of Iraq, Emir Faisal (representing the Arab Kingdom of Hejaz) and Zionism, Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann, for Arab–Jewish cooperation in the development of a Jewish homeland in Palestine (region), Palestine, and an Arab nation in a large part of the Middle East. * January 5 – In Germany: Spartacist uprising in B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]