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Pahoturi Languages
The Pahoturi languages are a small family of Papuan languages spoken around the Pahoturi ( Paho River). This family includes six language varieties including Agöb (Dabu), Em, Ende, Kawam, Idi, and Taeme, which are spoken in the Pahoturi River area south of the Fly River, just west of the Eastern Trans-Fly languages. Ross (2005) tentatively includes them in the proposed Trans-Fly – Bulaka River family. Some Pahoturi River speakers were originally hunter-gatherers, but had recently shifted to becoming gardeners. Classification Wurm (1975) and Ross (2005) suggest that the Pahoturi languages may be related to the Tabo (Waia) language just north of the Fly delta. However, they present no evidence, and the pronouns do not match. Evans (2018) classifies the Pahoturi River languages as an independent language family. Languages The six varieties have traditionally been grouped into the following two language groups: # Agöb (Dabu), Em, Ende, and Kawam # Idi and Taeme Prelimin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pahoturi River
The Pahoturi, or Paho River, is a river in southwestern Papua New Guinea. Pahoturi Riverin Geonames.org (cc-by) post updated 2011-07-09; database downloaded 2015-06-22 See also *List of rivers of Papua New Guinea *Pahoturi languages The Pahoturi languages are a small family of Papuan languages spoken around the Pahoturi ( Paho River). This family includes six language varieties including Agöb (Dabu), Em, Ende, Kawam, Idi, and Taeme, which are spoken in the Pahoturi River ... References Rivers of Papua New Guinea {{PapuaNewGuinea-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taeme Language
Taeme (or Tame) is a Pahoturi language spoken in Kondobol ward, northeast Morehead Rural LLG, Western Province, Papua New Guinea. It is spoken by 834 people in Taeme village (), Kondobol ward, Morehead Rural LLG Morehead Rural LLG is a local-level government (LLG) of Western Province, Papua New Guinea. Merauke Regency, Indonesia is located adjacently to the west. Yam, Pahoturi, and Anim languages are spoken in the LLG. Wards *01. Bula (Kánchá langu .... Taeme is most closely related to Idi. References Pahoturi languages Languages of Western Province (Papua New Guinea) {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dative Case
In grammar, the dative case (abbreviated , or sometimes when it is a core argument) is a grammatical case used in some languages to indicate the recipient or beneficiary of an action, as in "Maria Jacobo potum dedit", Latin for "Maria gave Jacob a drink". In this example, the dative marks what would be considered the indirect object of a verb in English. Sometimes the dative has functions unrelated to giving. In Scottish Gaelic and Irish, the term ''dative case'' is used in traditional grammars to refer to the prepositional case-marking of nouns following simple prepositions and the definite article. In Georgian and Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu), the dative case can also mark the subject of a sentence.Bhatt, Rajesh (2003). Experiencer subjects. Handout from MIT course “Structure of the Modern Indo-Aryan Languages”. This is called the dative construction. In Hindi, the dative construction is not limited to only certain verbs or tenses and it can be used with any verb in any tense or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Accusative Case
The accusative case (abbreviated ) of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a transitive verb. In the English language, the only words that occur in the accusative case are pronouns: 'me,' 'him,' 'her,' 'us,' and ‘them’. The spelling of those words will change depending on how they are used in a sentence. For example, the pronoun ''they'', as the subject of a sentence, is in the nominative case ("They wrote a book"); but if the pronoun is instead the object, it is in the accusative case and ''they'' becomes ''them'' ("The book was written by them"). The accusative case is used in many languages for the objects of (some or all) prepositions. It is usually combined with the nominative case (for example in Latin). The English term, "accusative", derives from the Latin , which, in turn, is a translation of the Greek . The word may also mean "causative", and this may have been the Greeks' intention in this name, but the sense of the Roman translation has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clusivity
In linguistics, clusivity is a grammatical distinction between ''inclusive'' and ''exclusive'' first-person pronouns and verbal morphology, also called ''inclusive " we"'' and ''exclusive "we"''. Inclusive "we" specifically includes the addressee (that is, one of the words for "we" means "you and I and possibly others"), while exclusive "we" specifically excludes the addressee (that is, another word for "we" means "he/she/they and I, but not you"), regardless of who else may be involved. While imagining that this sort of distinction could be made in other persons (particularly the second) is straightforward, in fact the existence of second-person clusivity (you vs. you and them) in natural languages is controversial and not well attested. While clusivity is not a feature of standard English language, it is found in many languages around the world. The first published description of the inclusive-exclusive distinction by a European linguist was in a description of languages of Peru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nominative Case
In grammar, the nominative case (abbreviated ), subjective case, straight case or upright case is one of the grammatical cases of a noun or other part of speech, which generally marks the subject of a verb or (in Latin and formal variants of English) the predicate noun or predicate adjective, as opposed to its object or other verb arguments. Generally, the noun "that is doing something" is in the nominative, and the nominative is often the form listed in dictionaries. Etymology The English word ''nominative'' comes from Latin ''cāsus nominātīvus'' "case for naming", which was translated from Ancient Greek ὀνομαστικὴ πτῶσις, ''onomastikḗ ptôsis'' "inflection for naming", from ''onomázō'' "call by name", from ''ónoma'' "name". Dionysius Thrax in his The Art of Grammar refers to it as ''orthḗ'' or ''eutheîa'' "straight", in contrast to the oblique or "bent" cases. Characteristics The reference form (more technically, the ''least marked'') of ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oriomo-Bituri Rural LLG
Oriomo-Bituri Rural LLG is a local-level government (LLG) of Western Province, Papua New Guinea. Eastern Trans-Fly languages (also known as Oriomo Plateau languages) are spoken in the LLG. Wards *01. Dorogori *02. Wuroi *03. Wonie ( Wipi language speakers) *04. Iamega ( Wipi language speakers) *05. Wipim ( Wipi language speakers) *06. Gamaeve ( Wipi language speakers) *07. Tewara ( Bitur language speakers) *08. Kapal ( Wipi language speakers) *09. Upiara ( Bitur language speakers) *10. Giringarede *11. U'ume ( Wipi language speakers) *12. Masingara (Bine language speakers) *13. Kunini (Bine language speakers) *14. Iru'upi (Bine language speakers) *15. Waidoro (Gizrra language speakers) *16. Kulalai *17. Wamarong *18. Sebe (Bine language speakers) *19. Wim *20. Sogale (Bine language speakers) *21. Kurunti *22. Abam ( Wipi language speakers) *23. Boze (Bine language speakers) *24. Bisuaka ( Bitur language speakers; also the Giribam dialect of the Makayam language) *25. Podare ( Wip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kawam Language
The Agöb languages are a group of Pahoturi languages spoken in eastern Morehead Rural LLG, Western Province, Papua New Guinea. The language varieties include Agöb (or Dabu), Ende, and Kawam. Languages in this group, along with the Idi language, form a dialect chain with the Idi and Agob dialects proper at the ends of the chain. Ende Ende is a language spoken primarily in the villages of Kinkin, Limol, and Malam by 600 to 1000 speakers. Ende's phoneme inventory includes 19 consonants and 7 vowels. See also *Idi language Idi is a Pahoturi language spoken in Western Province, Papua New Guinea. The so-called Pahoturi dialects form a dialect chain with Idi proper at one end and Agob proper at the other. Name The language has been also known as ''Diblaeg'', ''Dibol ... Bibliography *Kate Lynn Lindsey and Bernard Comrie. 2020Ende (Papua New Guinea) dictionary In: Key, Mary Ritchie & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) ''The Intercontinental Dictionary Series''. Leipzig: Max Planck Ins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ende Language (Papua New Guinea)
The Agöb languages are a group of Pahoturi languages spoken in eastern Morehead Rural LLG, Western Province, Papua New Guinea. The language varieties include Agöb (or Dabu), Ende, and Kawam. Languages in this group, along with the Idi language, form a dialect chain with the Idi and Agob dialects proper at the ends of the chain. Ende Ende is a language spoken primarily in the villages of Kinkin, Limol, and Malam by 600 to 1000 speakers. Ende's phoneme inventory includes 19 consonants and 7 vowels. See also *Idi language Idi is a Pahoturi language spoken in Western Province, Papua New Guinea. The so-called Pahoturi dialects form a dialect chain with Idi proper at one end and Agob proper at the other. Name The language has been also known as ''Diblaeg'', ''Dibol ... Bibliography *Kate Lynn Lindsey and Bernard Comrie. 2020Ende (Papua New Guinea) dictionary In: Key, Mary Ritchie & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) ''The Intercontinental Dictionary Series''. Leipzig: Max Planck Ins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dabu Language
The Agöb languages are a group of Pahoturi languages spoken in eastern Morehead Rural LLG, Western Province, Papua New Guinea. The language varieties include Agöb (or Dabu), Ende, and Kawam. Languages in this group, along with the Idi language, form a dialect chain with the Idi and Agob dialects proper at the ends of the chain. Ende Ende is a language spoken primarily in the villages of Kinkin, Limol, and Malam by 600 to 1000 speakers. Ende's phoneme inventory includes 19 consonants and 7 vowels. See also *Idi language Idi is a Pahoturi language spoken in Western Province, Papua New Guinea. The so-called Pahoturi dialects form a dialect chain with Idi proper at one end and Agob proper at the other. Name The language has been also known as ''Diblaeg'', ''Dibol ... Bibliography *Kate Lynn Lindsey and Bernard Comrie. 2020Ende (Papua New Guinea) dictionary In: Key, Mary Ritchie & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) ''The Intercontinental Dictionary Series''. Leipzig: Max Planck Ins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bugi Language
Buginese or Bugis (Buginese: ) is a language spoken by about five million people mainly in the southern part of Sulawesi, Indonesia. History The word Buginese derives from the word '' Bugis'' in Malay. In Buginese, it is called while the Bugis people are called . According to a Buginese myth, the term is derived from the name to the first king of Cina, an ancient Bugis kingdom, . basically means 'the followers of La Sattumpugi'. Little is known about the early history of this language due to the lack of written records. The earliest written record of this language is Sureq Galigo, the epic creation myth of the Bugis people. Another written source of Buginese is Lontara, a term which refers to the traditional script and historical record as well. The earliest historical record of Lontara dates to around the 17th century. Lontara records have been described by historians of Indonesia as "sober" and "factual" when compared to their counterparts from other regions of Mariti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agob Language
The Agöb languages are a group of Pahoturi languages spoken in eastern Morehead Rural LLG, Western Province, Papua New Guinea. The language varieties include Agöb (or Dabu), Ende, and Kawam. Languages in this group, along with the Idi language, form a dialect chain with the Idi and Agob dialects proper at the ends of the chain. Ende Ende is a language spoken primarily in the villages of Kinkin, Limol, and Malam by 600 to 1000 speakers. Ende's phoneme inventory includes 19 consonants and 7 vowels. See also *Idi language Bibliography *Kate Lynn Lindsey and Bernard Comrie. 2020Ende (Papua New Guinea) dictionary In: Key, Mary Ritchie & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) ''The Intercontinental Dictionary Series''. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology The Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (german: Max-Planck-Institut für evolutionäre Anthropologie, shortened to MPI EVA) is a research institute based in Leipzig, Germany, that was founded in 199 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
