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Pagothenia
''Pagothenia'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes, belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. These fishes occur in the Southern Ocean. Taxonomy ''Pagothenia'' was formally described as a monotypic genus in 1936 by the American zoologists John Treadwell Nichols and Francesca Raimonde La Monte with the type species being ''P. antarctica'' which Nichols and La Monte were describing as a new species. ''P. antarctica'' was subsequently shown to be a synonym of ''P. brachysoma'' which was described by the German zoologist in 1912. ''P. brachysoma'' is now regarded as a junior synonym of ''Notothenia phocae'' which was described in 1844 by the naval surgeon, Arctic explorer and naturalist John Richardson. Some authorities place this genus in the subfamily Trematominae, but the 5th edition of '' Fishes of the World'' does not include subfamilies in the Nototheniidae. Nichols and La Monte did not explain the etymology of the generic name but it ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pagothenia Phocae
The stocky rockcod (''Pagothenia phocae''), also known as the bandtail notothen, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is found in the Southern Ocean. Taxonomy The stocky rockcod was first formally described in 1844 as ''Notothenia phocae'' by the Scottish naval surgeon, naturalist and Arctic explorer John Richardson with the type locality given as the Antarctic Glacial Ocean, off Victoria Land, the type being found among the stomach contents of a seal. The genus ''Pagothenia'' was described by John Treadwell Nichols and Francesca Raimonde La Monte in 1936 with a new species, ''P. antarctica'' as its type species and they noted that their new taxon was very alike Richardson's ''Notothenia phocae'', ''P. antractica'' is now considered to be a junior synonym of ''N. phocae''. The specific name ''phocae'' means "of a seal" as the holotypes were described after being identified in the stomach contents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stocky Rockcod
The stocky rockcod (''Pagothenia phocae''), also known as the bandtail notothen, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is found in the Southern Ocean. Taxonomy The stocky rockcod was first formally described in 1844 as ''Notothenia phocae'' by the Scottish naval surgeon, naturalist and Arctic explorer John Richardson with the type locality given as the Antarctic Glacial Ocean, off Victoria Land, the type being found among the stomach contents of a seal. The genus ''Pagothenia'' was described by John Treadwell Nichols and Francesca Raimonde La Monte in 1936 with a new species, ''P. antarctica'' as its type species and they noted that their new taxon was very alike Richardson's ''Notothenia phocae'', ''P. antractica'' is now considered to be a junior synonym of ''N. phocae''. The specific name ''phocae'' means "of a seal" as the holotypes were described after being identified in the stomach contents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pagothenia Borchgrevinki
The bald notothen (''Pagothenia borchgrevinki''), also known as the bald rockcod, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to the Southern Ocean. Taxonomy The bald notothen was first formally described in 1907 as ''Trematomus borchgrevinki'' by the Belgian-born British ichthyologist George Albert Boulenger with the type localities given as at the surface at Duke of York Island and at Cape Adare. The specific name honours Carsten Egeberg Borchgrevink who commanded the British Southern Cross Antarctic Expedition (1898–1900), during which types were collected. Description The bald notothen attains a maximum total length around , it is yellow with dark spots and irregular crossbars. Its dorsal and caudal fins may occasionally also be spotted. Distribution, habitat and biology The bald notothen is found in the Southern Ocean where it has been recorded from the Weddell Sea, the Ross Sea, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nototheniidae
: ''In some scientific literature, the term "cod icefish" is used to identify members of this family. This should not be confused with the term "icefish," which refers to the "white-blooded" fishes of the family Channichthyidae. See Icefish (other).'' Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes, is a family of ray-finned fishes, part of the suborder Notothenioidei which is traditionally placed within the order Perciformes. They are largely found in the Southern Ocean. Taxonomy Nototheniidae was described as a family in 1861 by the German-born British ichthyologist Albert Günther with the type genus being ''Notothenia'' which had been described in 1844 by Sir John Richardson with the species ''Notothenia coriiceps'' which Richardson had also described in 1844 subsequently being designated as the type in 1862 by Theodore Nicholas Gill. The name ''Notothenia'' means “coming from the south”, a reference to the Antarctic distribution of the genus. They are traditio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoological names with "-inae". See also * International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants * International Code of Zoological Nomenclature * Rank (botany) * Rank (zoology) In biological classification, taxonomic rank is the relative level of a group of organisms (a taxon) in an ancestral or hereditary hierarchy. A common system consists of species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain. While ... Sources {{biology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Total Length
Fish measurement is the measuring of individual fish and various parts of their anatomies. These data are used in many areas of ichthyology, including taxonomy and fisheries biology. Overall length * Standard length (SL) is the length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the posterior end of the last vertebra or to the posterior end of the midlateral portion of the hypural plate. Simply put, this measurement excludes the length of the caudal (tail) fin. * Total length (TL) is the length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the tip of the longer lobe of the caudal fin, usually measured with the lobes compressed along the midline. It is a straight-line measure, not measured over the curve of the body. Standard length measurements are used with Teleostei (most bony fish), while total length measurements are used with Myxini (hagfish), Petromyzontiformes (lampreys), and (usually) Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays), as well as some other fishes. Total length me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelvic Fin
Pelvic fins or ventral fins are paired fins located on the ventral surface of fish. The paired pelvic fins are homologous to the hindlimbs of tetrapods. Structure and function Structure In actinopterygians, the pelvic fin consists of two endochondrally-derived bony girdles attached to bony radials. Dermal fin rays (lepidotrichia) are positioned distally from the radials. There are three pairs of muscles each on the dorsal and ventral side of the pelvic fin girdle that abduct and adduct the fin from the body. Pelvic fin structures can be extremely specialized in actinopterygians. Gobiids and lumpsuckers modify their pelvic fins into a sucker disk that allow them to adhere to the substrate or climb structures, such as waterfalls. In priapiumfish, males have modified their pelvic structures into a spiny copulatory device that grasps the female during mating. File:Pelvic fin skeleton.png, Pelvic fin skeleton for ''Danio rerio'', zebrafish. File:Zuignap waarmee de zwartbekgrond ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pectoral Fin
Fins are distinctive anatomical features composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body of a fish. They are covered with skin and joined together either in a webbed fashion, as seen in most bony fish, or similar to a flipper, as seen in sharks. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the spine and are supported only by muscles. Their principal function is to help the fish swim. Fins located in different places on the fish serve different purposes such as moving forward, turning, keeping an upright position or stopping. Most fish use fins when swimming, flying fish use pectoral fins for gliding, and frogfish use them for crawling. Fins can also be used for other purposes; male sharks and mosquitofish use a modified fin to deliver sperm, thresher sharks use their caudal fin to stun prey, reef stonefish have spines in their dorsal fins that inject venom, anglerfish use the first spine of their dorsal fin like a fishing rod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caudal Fin
Fins are distinctive anatomical features composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body of a fish. They are covered with skin and joined together either in a webbed fashion, as seen in most bony fish, or similar to a flipper, as seen in sharks. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the spine and are supported only by muscles. Their principal function is to help the fish swim. Fins located in different places on the fish serve different purposes such as moving forward, turning, keeping an upright position or stopping. Most fish use fins when swimming, flying fish use pectoral fins for gliding, and frogfish use them for crawling. Fins can also be used for other purposes; male sharks and mosquitofish use a modified fin to deliver sperm, thresher sharks use their caudal fin to stun prey, reef stonefish have spines in their dorsal fins that inject venom, anglerfish use the first spine of their dorsal fin like a fishing rod to lu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ctenoid
A fish scale is a small rigid plate that grows out of the skin of a fish. The skin of most jawed fishes is covered with these protective scales, which can also provide effective camouflage through the use of reflection and colouration, as well as possible hydrodynamic advantages. The term ''scale'' derives from the Old French , meaning a shell pod or husk. Scales vary enormously in size, shape, structure, and extent, ranging from strong and rigid armour plates in fishes such as shrimpfishes and boxfishes, to microscopic or absent in fishes such as eels and anglerfishes. The morphology of a scale can be used to identify the species of fish it came from. Scales originated within the jawless ostracoderms, ancestors to all jawed fishes today. Most bony fishes are covered with the cycloid scales of salmon and carp, or the ctenoid scales of perch, or the ganoid scales of sturgeons and gars. Cartilaginous fishes (sharks and rays) are covered with placoid scales. Some species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Albert Boulenger
George Albert Boulenger (19 October 1858 – 23 November 1937) was a Belgian-British zoologist who described and gave scientific names to over 2,000 new animal species, chiefly fish, reptiles, and amphibians. Boulenger was also an active botanist during the last 30 years of his life, especially in the study of roses. Life Boulenger was born in Brussels, Belgium, the only son of Gustave Boulenger, a Belgian public notary, and Juliette Piérart, from Valenciennes. He graduated in 1876 from the Free University of Brussels with a degree in natural sciences, and worked for a while at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, as an assistant naturalist studying amphibians, reptiles, and fishes. He also made frequent visits during this time to the ''Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle'' in Paris and the British Museum in London. In 1880, he was invited to work at the Natural History Museum, then a department of the British Museum, by Dr. Albert C. L. G. Günther a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type (biology)
In biology, a type is a particular specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally attached. In other words, a type is an example that serves to anchor or centralizes the defining features of that particular taxon. In older usage (pre-1900 in botany), a type was a taxon rather than a specimen. A taxon is a scientifically named grouping of organisms with other like organisms, a set that includes some organisms and excludes others, based on a detailed published description (for example a species description) and on the provision of type material, which is usually available to scientists for examination in a major museum research collection, or similar institution. Type specimen According to a precise set of rules laid down in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) and the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), the scientific name of every taxon is almost al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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