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Padla II Of Kakheti
P'adla II ( ka, ფადლა II) (died 929 ) was a Prince and Chorepiscopus of Kakheti in eastern Georgia from 918 to 929. He succeeded upon the death of his father, Kvirike I. His rule was marked by the Arab raids into Kakheti and Padla's involvement in the struggles and dynastic feuds in various Caucasian polities. Early in his reign he lost the fortress of Orchobi to the neighboring ruler Adarnase of Hereti who had ceded it to Padla's father. In 922, Padla aided King Ashot II of Armenia in crushing the revolt by prince Moses of Utik. Later in his reign, he also assisted George II of Abkhazia George II (, Giorgi II), of the Leonid dynasty was a king of Abkhazia from 923 to 957 AD. His lengthy reign is regarded as a zenith of cultural flowering and political power of his realm. Despite being independent and locally titled as a ''Mepe'' ( ... against his rebellious son Prince Constantine. He was succeeded by his son Kvirike II. Bibliography * Toumanoff, Cyrille (1976, R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Monarchs Of Kakheti And Hereti
Princes of Kakheti The Chosroids *–637 – Adarnase I, also prince of Iberia since 627. *637–650 – Stephen I, also prince of Iberia *650–684 – Adarnase II, prince of Iberia *685–736 – Stephen II *736–741 – Mirian *736–786 – Archil “the Martyr” *786–790 – Ioanne *786–807 – Juansher Chorbishops *786–827 – Grigol *827–839 – Vache Kvabulidze *839–861 – Samuel, Donauri *861–881 – Gabriel, Donauri * 881–893 – Padla I Arevmaneli *893–918 – Kvirike I *918–929 – Padla II *929–976 – Kvirike II *976–1010 – David *1010–1014 – Annexation by the Kingdom of Georgia *1014–1029 – Kvirike III *1029–1039 – Annexation by the Kingdom of Georgia Kings of Hereti *Grigol Hamam (893–897) * Adarnase (897–943) * Ishkhanik (943–951) *John (951–959) Kings of Kakheti and Hereti *1039–1058 – Gagik *1058–1084 – Aghsartan I *1084–1102 – Kvirike IV *1102–1105 – Aghsartan II K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adarnase Of Hereti
Adarnase Sumbatishvili (Georgian: ადარნასე სუმბათიშვილი), also known as Atrnerseh (Armenian: Ատրներսեհ) was a South Caucasus prince of the 10th century who founded the Kingdom of Hereti in 897. Most likely of Albano-Armenian origins, he inherited a part of the domains of his father, Prince Grigor Hamam, out of which he founded Hereti as an independent kingdom, as well as the Sumbatishvili dynasty. He ruled over a chaotic period in the history of the region and faced several enemies, including the Principality of Kakheti, the Kingdom of Abkhazia and the Emirate of Tiflis. Adarnase ruled with the title of king for most of his reign, except for a short time during which he was forced to accept Byzantine suzerainty. Family origins The origins of Adarnase are disputed amongst modern historians. Marie-Félicité Brosset, who studied the Caucasus in the 19th century, believed that Adarnase came from a cadet scion of the Bagrationi dynas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
929 Deaths
9 (nine) is the natural number following and preceding . Evolution of the Arabic digit In the beginning, various Indians wrote a digit 9 similar in shape to the modern closing question mark without the bottom dot. The Kshatrapa, Andhra and Gupta started curving the bottom vertical line coming up with a -look-alike. The Nagari continued the bottom stroke to make a circle and enclose the 3-look-alike, in much the same way that the sign @ encircles a lowercase ''a''. As time went on, the enclosing circle became bigger and its line continued beyond the circle downwards, as the 3-look-alike became smaller. Soon, all that was left of the 3-look-alike was a squiggle. The Arabs simply connected that squiggle to the downward stroke at the middle and subsequent European change was purely cosmetic. While the shape of the glyph for the digit 9 has an ascender in most modern typefaces, in typefaces with text figures the character usually has a descender, as, for example, in . The mod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vakhushti
Vakhushti ( ka, ვახუშტი, tr) (1696–1757) was a Georgian royal prince (''batonishvili''), geographer, historian and cartographer. His principal historical and geographic works, ''Description of the Kingdom of Georgia'' and the ''Geographical Atlas'', were inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register in 2013. Life A natural son of King Vakhtang VI of Kartli (ruled 1716–24), he was born in Tbilisi, 1696. Educated by the brothers Garsevanishvili and a Roman Catholic mission, he was fluent in Greek, Latin, French, Turkish, Russian and Armenian. His name Vakhushti derives from Old Iranian ''vahišta-'' ("paradise", superlative of ''veh'' "good", i.e., "superb, excellent"). Its equivalent in Middle Persian is ''wahišt'' and in New Persian ''behešt''. In 1719 and 1720, he took part in two successive campaigns against the rebel duke (''eristavi'') Shanshe of the Ksani. From August to November 1722, he was a governor of the kingdom during his father's absenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyril Toumanoff
Cyril Leo Toumanoff (russian: Кирилл Львович Туманов; 13 October 1913 – 4 February 1997) was a Russian-born Georgian historian and genealogist who mostly specialized in the history and genealogies of medieval Georgia, Armenia, Iran and the Byzantine Empire. His works have significantly influenced the Western scholarship of the medieval Caucasus. Robert H. Hewsen. "In Memoriam: Cyril Toumanoff." ''Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies''. Vol. 8, 1995, 5–7. Family Cyril Toumanoff was born in Saint Petersburg into a family of the military officer of the Russian army. His father's ancestors came of the princely family of Tumanishvili (Tumanov) from Georgia,Rapp, Stephen H. (2003), ''Studies In Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts And Eurasian Contexts'', p. 16. Peeters Bvba, .For the present investigation no single scholar's body of work has had a greater impact than that of Cyril Toumanoff (1913 -1997). Born in St. Peterburg of an old Armeno-Geor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George II Of Abkhazia
George II (, Giorgi II), of the Leonid dynasty was a king of Abkhazia from 923 to 957 AD. His lengthy reign is regarded as a zenith of cultural flowering and political power of his realm. Despite being independent and locally titled as a ''Mepe'' (king), he is also regarded as ''Exousiastes'', the title that was addressed to him by Byzantines. George II continued the expansionist policy of his predecessor, aiming primarily at unification of Georgia. It took him, however, some time to assume full ruling powers as his half-brother Bagrat also claimed the crown. Life In 923, King Constantine III of Abkhazia () died, and George, then George II Abkhazia succeeded him. However, Bagrat, George's youngest brother, also claimed the crown, the latter engineered a coup with the support of a party of nobles, most importantly his father-in-law, Gurgen II of Tao (). The conflict lasted for nearly seven years and ended with the sudden death of Bagrat in 930. To secure the allegiance of the l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Utik
Utik ( hy, Ուտիք, also known as Uti, Utiq, or Outi) was a historic province of the Kingdom of Armenia. It was ceded to Caucasian Albania following the partition of Armenia between Sassanid Persia and the Eastern Roman Empire in 387 AD. Most of the region is located within present-day Azerbaijan immediately west of the Kura River, while a part of it lies within the Tavush province of present-day northeastern Armenia. History According to Strabo, in the 2nd century BC, Armenians conquered from the Medes the lands of Syunik and Caspiane, and the lands that lay between them, including Utik,Robert H. Hewsen. "Ethno-History and the Armenian Influence upon the Caucasian Albanians," in: Samuelian, Thomas J. (Hg.), Classical Armenian Culture. Influences and Creativity, Chicago: 1982, 27-40. that was populated by the people called Utis, after whom it received its name. Modern historians agree that "Utis" were a people of non-Armenian origin, and the modern ethnic group of Udi is th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ashot II Of Armenia
Ashot II the Iron ( hy, Աշոտ Բ; r. 914–929) was an Armenian king of the royal Bagratuni line. He was the son and successor of King Smbat I. His reign was filled with rebellions by vassals and pretenders to the throne, as well as foreign invasions, which Ashot fought off successfully, for which he is remembered by the epithet ''Yerkat'' (Երկաթ), or the Iron. Reign Ashot II succeeded his father Smbat I upon the latter's death in 914. Smbat had fought off an invasion launched by the Emir of Atropatene, Yusuf Ibn Abi'l-Saj, but when Smbat surrendered he was tortured and beheaded by Yusuf in Yernjak. Having taken control of the central lands of Armenia, Yusuf installed a pretender also named Ashot, son of Shapuh and first cousin of Ashot II, in Dvin as the "anti-king" of Bagratid Armenia. Harried by Yusuf's forces, Ashot II visited Constantinople to receive aid from Empress Zoe Karbonopsina. Ashot II was well received, and a Byzantine force was assembled to assist Armen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caucasus
The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range, have historically been considered as a natural barrier between Eastern Europe and Western Asia. Mount Elbrus in Russia, Europe's highest mountain, is situated in the Western Caucasus. On the southern side, the Lesser Caucasus includes the Javakheti Plateau and the Armenian highlands, part of which is in Turkey. The Caucasus is divided into the North Caucasus and South Caucasus, although the Western Caucasus also exists as a distinct geographic space within the North Caucasus. The Greater Caucasus mountain range in the north is mostly shared by Russia and Georgia as well as the northernmost parts of Azerbaijan. The Lesser Caucasus mountain range in the south is occupied by several independent states, mostly by Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, but also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kvirike I Of Kakheti
Kvirike I ( ka, კვირიკე I) (died 918) was a Prince and Chorepiscopus of Kakheti in eastern Georgia from 893 to 918. He succeeded upon the death of Padla I of Kakheti, his possible father. In 914, he faced an Arab invasion led by Yusuf Ibn Abi'l-Saj who took hold of the fortresses of Ujarma and Bochorma, but the former was given back to Kvirike following his plead for peace. Next year, Kvirike forged an alliance with Constantine III of Abkhazia against his eastern neighbor Hereti The Kingdom of Hereti ( ka, ჰერეთის სამეფო ''heretis samepo'') was a medieval monarchy which emerged in Caucasus on the Iberian- Albanian frontier. Nowadays it roughly corresponds to the southeastern corner of Georgia's K ..., a principality in the Georgian- Albanian marchlands. The allies invaded Hereti and divided its major strongholds, with the Orchobi fortress being allotted to Kakheti. He was succeeded by his son, Padla II in 918. He was succeeded by his s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgia (country)
Georgia (, ; ) is a transcontinental country at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is part of the Caucasus region, bounded by the Black Sea to the west, by Russia to the north and northeast, by Turkey to the southwest, by Armenia to the south, and by Azerbaijan to the southeast. The country covers an area of , and has a population of 3.7 million people. Tbilisi is its capital as well as its largest city, home to roughly a third of the Georgian population. During the classical era, several independent kingdoms became established in what is now Georgia, such as Colchis and Iberia. In the early 4th century, ethnic Georgians officially adopted Christianity, which contributed to the spiritual and political unification of the early Georgian states. In the Middle Ages, the unified Kingdom of Georgia emerged and reached its Golden Age during the reign of King David IV and Queen Tamar in the 12th and early 13th centuries. Thereafter, the kingdom decl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Kingdom Of Kakheti
The Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti ( ka, კახეთ-ჰერეთის სამეფო, tr) or just the First Kingdom of Kakheti was an early Medieval monarchy in eastern Georgia, centered at the province of Kakheti, with its capital first at Telavi. It emerged in 1014 AD, under the leadership of energetic ruler of principality of Kakheti, Kvirike III the Great that finally defeated the ruler of Hereti and crowned himself as a king of the unified realms of Kakheti and Hereti. From this time on, until 1104, the kingdom was an independent and separated state from the united Kingdom of Georgia. The kingdom included territories from riv. Ksani (western border) to Alijanchay river (eastern border) and from Didoeti (northern border) to southwards along the river of Mtkvari (southern border). Establishment of the principality Kakheti had been a part of Kingdom of Iberia, and then a part the Principate of Iberia. However, in the second half of the 8th century, Arab sources al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
