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Padina Sanctae-crucis
''Padina sanctae-crucis'' is a species of brown macroalgae in the family Dictyotaceae. It is a tropical brown algae species native to the south pacific that belongs to the Padina genus. this alga includes sexual reproduction and spore-producing asexual reproduction which is moved with the tide until spores plants itself on a hard rocky substrate. Other habitats include rocks and shell fragments in the shallow sublittoral, seagrass meadows, mangrove roots and coral reefs on tidal flats. Description Padina sanctae-crucis forms curled, fanlike branches from a single stalk. The plant is about 15 cm tall. Blades are often irregularly split and branched. The upper surfaces of the fans are calcified and whitened, but the rest of the plant is brownish. All the branches are crossed by closely set growth lines. Locations Locations Padina sanctae-crucis prefers tropical waters and can be found in most of the world's tropical waters. Including Florida, the Caribbean sea, Brazil, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brown Algae
Brown algae (singular: alga), comprising the class Phaeophyceae, are a large group of multicellular algae, including many seaweeds located in colder waters within the Northern Hemisphere. Brown algae are the major seaweeds of the temperate and polar regions. They are dominant on rocky shores throughout cooler areas of the world. Most brown algae live in marine environments, where they play an important role both as food and as a potential habitat. For instance, ''Macrocystis'', a kelp of the order Laminariales, may reach in length and forms prominent underwater kelp forests. Kelp forests like these contain a high level of biodiversity. Another example is ''Sargassum'', which creates unique floating mats of seaweed in the tropical waters of the Sargasso Sea that serve as the habitats for many species. Many brown algae, such as members of the order Fucales, commonly grow along rocky seashores. Some members of the class, such as kelps, are used by humans as food. Between 1,500 and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dictyotaceae
Dictyotaceae is large family (biology), family of brown algae (class Phaeophyceae). Members of this family generally prefer warmer waters than other brown algae. ''Lobophora variegata'' (= ''Pocockiella varieagata'') often presents a beautiful blue iridescence due to microscopic bacteria which live on the surface of the blades . A number of genera are known as forkweed (e.g. ''Dictyota'', ''Glosophora'', ''Dilophus'', ''Dictyopteris'', ''Pachydictyon'' and ''Lobospira''. References Further reading Algae Aquatic plants Brown algae families Dictyotaceae, Dictyotales Ochrophyta Plant families Plants described in 1822 Seaweeds {{Phaeophyceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asexual Reproduction
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes. The offspring that arise by asexual reproduction from either unicellular or multicellular organisms inherit the full set of genes of their single parent and thus the newly created individual is genetically and physically similar to the parent or an exact clone of the parent. Asexual reproduction is the primary form of reproduction for single-celled organisms such as archaea and eubacteria, bacteria. Many Eukaryote, eukaryotic organisms including plants, animals, and Fungus, fungi can also reproduce asexually. In vertebrates, the most common form of asexual reproduction is parthenogenesis, which is typically used as an alternative to sexual reproduction in times when reproductive opportunities are limited. Komodo dragons and some monitor lizards can also reproduce asexually. While all prokaryotes reproduce without the formation and fusion of gametes, m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seagrass Meadow
A seagrass meadow or seagrass bed is an underwater ecosystem formed by seagrasses. Seagrasses are marine (saltwater) plants found in shallow coastal waters and in the brackish waters of estuaries. Seagrasses are flowering plants with stems and long green, grass-like leaves. They produce seeds and pollen and have roots and rhizomes which anchor them in seafloor sand. Seagrasses form dense underwater meadows which are among the most productive ecosystems in the world. They provide habitats and food for a diversity of marine life comparable to that of coral reefs. This includes invertebrates like shrimp and crabs, cod and flatfish, marine mammals and birds. They provide refuges for endangered species such as seahorses, turtles, and dugongs. They function as nursery habitats for shrimps, scallops and many commercial fish species. Seagrass meadows provide coastal storm protection by the way their leaves absorb energy from waves as they hit the coast. They keep coastal waters healthy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anticarcinogen
An anticarcinogen (also known as a carcinopreventive agent) is a substance that counteracts the effects of a carcinogen or inhibits the development of cancer. Anticarcinogens are different from anticarcinoma agents (also known as anticancer or anti-neoplastic agents) in that anticarcinoma agents are used to selectively destroy or inhibit cancer cells ''after'' cancer has developed. Interest in anticarcinogens is motivated primarily by the principle that it is preferable to prevent disease (preventive medicine) than to have to treat it ( rescue medicine). In theory, anticarcinogens may act via different mechanisms including enhancement of natural defences against cancer, deactivation of carcinogens, and blocking the mechanisms by which carcinogens act (such as free radical damage to DNA). Confirmation that a substance possesses anticarcinogenic activity requires extensive ''in vitro'', ''in vivo'', and clinical investigation. Health claims for anticarcinogens are regulated by v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cytotoxicity
Cytotoxicity is the quality of being toxic to cells. Examples of toxic agents are an immune cell or some types of venom, e.g. from the puff adder (''Bitis arietans'') or brown recluse spider (''Loxosceles reclusa''). Cell physiology Treating cells with the cytotoxic compound can result in a variety of cell fates. The cells may undergo necrosis, in which they lose membrane integrity and die rapidly as a result of cell lysis. The cells can stop actively growing and dividing (a decrease in cell viability), or the cells can activate a genetic program of controlled cell death (apoptosis). Cells undergoing necrosis typically exhibit rapid swelling, lose membrane integrity, shut down metabolism, and release their contents into the environment. Cells that undergo rapid necrosis in vitro do not have sufficient time or energy to activate apoptotic machinery and will not express apoptotic markers. Apoptosis is characterized by well defined cytological and molecular events including a change i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KB (cell Line)
KB, kB or kb may stand for: Businesses and organizations Banks * KB Kookmin Bank, South Korea * Kaupthing Bank, Iceland * Komerční banka, Czech Republic * Kasikornbank, Thailand * Karafarin Bank, Iran Libraries * National Library of Sweden ( sv, links=no, Kungliga biblioteket) * National Library of the Netherlands ( nl, links=no, Koninklijke Bibliotheek) Sport * Kalix BF, a Swedish bandy club * Kjøbenhavns Boldklub, a sports club, Copenhagen, Denmark Other businesses and organizations * KB Home, a US house builder * KB Lager, Australia * KB Toys, US * K&B, a New Orleans, Louisiana, US drugstore * Druk Air (IATA code: ''KB''), Bhutan airline People * Kevin Bartlett (Australian rules footballer) (born 1947) * KB (rapper) (born 1988), Kevin Elijah Burgess * KB Killa Beats (born 1983), Zambian record producer Science and technology Biology * Kilo-base pair (kb or kbp), length of D/RNA molecule Computing * Kilobit (kb), 1,000 bits * Kilobyte (kB), 1,000 bytes * Kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minimal Infective Dose
The concept of minimal infective dose (MID) has traditionally been used for infection, infectious bacteria that contaminate foods. MID was defined as the number of bacteria ingested (the dose) from which a pathology is observed in the consumer. Examples such as this are found in textbooks: to cause Gastrointestinal disease, gastrointestinal disorders, the food must contain more than 100,000 ''Salmonella'' per gram. However, in such a formulation, an inaccuracy immediately becomes apparent: to know the dose ingested, concentration is not enough. It is also necessary to know the mass of the portion: :d\ =\ c \times m where: *d = number of bacteria i.e. dose *c = concentration of bacteria *m = mass Nevertheless, this formulation has served as a basis for reasoning to establish the maximum concentrations permitted by the Microbiology, microbiological regulatory criteria intended to protect the health of consumers. Thus in 1992, as the outbreaks previously caused by Listeria monocytogen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protists Described In 1914
A protist () is any eukaryotic organism (that is, an organism whose cells contain a cell nucleus) that is not an animal, plant, or fungus. While it is likely that protists share a common ancestor (the last eukaryotic common ancestor), the exclusion of other eukaryotes means that protists do not form a natural group, or clade. Therefore, some protists may be more closely related to animals, plants, or fungi than they are to other protists. However, like the groups ''algae'', '' invertebrates'', and ''protozoans'', the biological category ''protist'' is used for convenience. Others classify any unicellular eukaryotic microorganism as a protist. The study of protists is termed protistology. History The classification of a third kingdom separate from animals and plants was first proposed by John Hogg in 1860 as the kingdom Protoctista; in 1866 Ernst Haeckel also proposed a third kingdom Protista as "the kingdom of primitive forms". Originally these also included prokaryo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
