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PVX Plus
Potato virus X (PVX) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family ''Alphaflexiviridae'' and the order ''Tymovirales''. PVX is found mainly in potatoes and is only transmitted mechanically. There are no insect or fungal vectors for this virus. This virus causes mild or no symptoms in most potato varieties, but when Potato virus Y is present, synergy between these two viruses causes severe symptoms in potatoes. The virion has helical symmetry and a deeply grooved, highly hydrated surface and is made of a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome of approximately 6.4 kb. This is wrapped in approximately 1300 units of a single coat protein (CP) type, with 8.9 CP units per helix turn. The genome is capped at the 5′-end and poly-adenylated at the 3′-terminus. It contains five open reading frames (ORFs) encoding five proteins: the RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRP), the movement proteins encoded by three overlapping ORFs that form the Triple Gene Block module (TGBp1, TGBp2, and TGBp3), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alphaflexiviridae
''Alphaflexiviridae'' is a family of viruses in the order ''Tymovirales''. Plants and fungi serve as natural hosts. There are 65 species in this family, assigned to six genera. Diseases associated with this family include: mosaic and ringspot symptoms. Taxonomy The following genera are recognized: *''Allexivirus'' *''Botrexvirus'' *''Lolavirus'' *''Platypuvirus'' *''Potexvirus'' *''Sclerodarnavirus'' Structure Viruses in the genus ''Alphaflexiviridae'' are non-enveloped, with flexuous and filamentous geometries. The diameter is around 12-13 nm. Genomes are linear, around 5.4-9kb in length. The genome codes for 1 to 6 proteins. Life cycle Viral replication is cytoplasmic, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning. The virus exits the host cell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Phytopathological Society
The American Phytopathological Society (APS) is an international scientific organization devoted to the study of plant diseases (phytopathology). APS promotes the advancement of modern concepts in the science of plant pathology and in plant health management in agricultural, urban and forest settings. The Society has nearly 5,000 plant pathologists and scientists worldwide. It is the oldest and largest organization of its type in the world. It is also a member of the International Society for Plant Pathology. APS provides information on the latest developments and research advances in plant health science through its journals and its publishing arm, APS Press. APS advocates and participates in the exchange of plant health information with public policy makers and the larger scientific community, and it provides advice on education and training. History The society was founded in December 1908 by a group led by Cornelius Lott Shear. The first regular meeting was held in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viral Diseases Of Potato
The word ''Viral'' means "relating to viruses" (small infectious agents). It may also refer to: Viral behavior, or virality Memetic behavior likened that of a virus, for example: * Viral marketing, the use of existing social networks to spread a marketing message * Viral phenomenon, relating to contagion theory or the "virality" of network culture, such as a meme * Viral video, a video that quickly attains a high popularity Titled works * ''Viral'' (2016 American film), a 2016 American science fiction horror drama * ''Viral'' (2016 Hindi film), an Indian Bollywood film based on social media * ''Viral'' (upcoming film), an American psychological thriller film starring Blair Underwood * ''Viral'' (web series), a 2014 Brazilian comedy web series * '' V/H/S: Viral'', an American anthology horror film * '' Viral: The Search for the Origin of COVID-19'', a book by Alina Chand and Matt Ridley See also * '' Virals'', a novel series by Kathy Reichs * Virulence Virulence i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nucleotide Binding Leucine-rich Repeat
Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate. They serve as monomeric units of the nucleic acid polymers – deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules within all life-forms on Earth. Nucleotides are obtained in the diet and are also synthesized from common nutrients by the liver. Nucleotides are composed of three subunit molecules: a nucleobase, a five-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and a phosphate group consisting of one to three phosphates. The four nucleobases in DNA are guanine, adenine, cytosine, and thymine; in RNA, uracil is used in place of thymine. Nucleotides also play a central role in metabolism at a fundamental, cellular level. They provide chemical energy—in the form of the nucleoside triphosphates, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), guanosine triphosphate (GTP), cytidine triphosphate (CTP), and uridine triphosphate (UTP)—throughout the cell for t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plant Pathogen
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrates, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant tissues and causing injury that may admit plant pathogens. The study of plant disease is called plant pathology. Plant pathogens Fungi Most phytopathogenic fungi are Ascomycetes or Basidiomycetes. They reproduce both sexually and asexually via the production of spores and other structures. Spores may be spread long distances by air or water, or they may be soil borne. Many soil inhabiting fungi are capable of living saprotrophically, carrying out the role of their life cycle in the soil. These are facultative saprotrophs. Fungal diseases ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extracellular Protein 2
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms. It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology, Glossary of environmental science and Glossary of scientific naming, or any of the organism-specific glossaries in :Glossaries of biology. A B C D E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Host Resistance
Plant disease resistance protects plants from pathogens in two ways: by pre-formed structures and chemicals, and by infection-induced responses of the immune system. Relative to a susceptible plant, disease resistance is the reduction of pathogen growth on or in the plant (and hence a reduction of disease), while the term disease tolerance describes plants that exhibit little disease damage despite substantial pathogen levels. Disease outcome is determined by the three-way interaction of the pathogen, the plant, and the environmental conditions (an interaction known as the disease triangle). Defense-activating compounds can move cell-to-cell and systematically through the plant's vascular system. However, plants do not have circulating immune cells, so most cell types exhibit a broad suite of antimicrobial defenses. Although obvious ''qualitative'' differences in disease resistance can be observed when multiple specimens are compared (allowing classification as "resistant" or "su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cf Gene
The Latin tag ''cf.'', much used in text books, means 'compare'. CF, Cf, cf and similar may refer to: Arts and entertainment * "Commercial film", the term for a television advertisement in South Korea * Captain Flamingo, a Canadian animated television series * Christopher Forgues, an artist and musician based in Providence, Rhode Island, United States; known as C.F. Computing * .cf, the Top-Level Domain for Central African Republic * .NET Compact Framework, a version of the .NET Framework for mobile and embedded devices * Adobe ColdFusion, a web application development platform * Collaborative filtering, a method of making predictions by collecting information from many users * CompactFlash, a type of memory card * Compact Floppy, a variation of floppy disk * Consolidation function, in computer science * Core Foundation, a C application programming interface in Mac OS X * Coupling Facility, an IBM mainframe feature * CurseForge, a website offering mods for various video ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicotiana
''Nicotiana'' () is a genus of herbaceous plants and shrubs in the Family (biology), family Solanaceae, that is Native plant, indigenous to the Americas, Australia, Southwestern Africa and the South Pacific. Various ''Nicotiana'' species, commonly referred to as tobacco plants, are cultivated as ornamental garden plants. ''Nicotiana tabacum, N. tabacum'' is grown worldwide for the cultivation of tobacco leaves used for manufacturing and producing List of tobacco products, tobacco products, including cigars, cigarillos, cigarettes, chewing tobacco, dipping tobacco, Snuff (tobacco), snuff, and snus. Taxonomy Species The 79 accepted and known species include: * ''Nicotiana acuminata'' (Graham) William Jackson Hooker, Hook. – manyflower tobacco or many-flowered tobaccoKnapp et al. (2004) Nomenclatural changes and a new sectional classification in ''Nicotiana'' (Solanaceae) Taxon. 53 (1):73–82. * ''Nicotiana africana'' Merxm. * ''Nicotiana alata'' Johann Heinrich Friedrich Lin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virus-induced Gene Silencing
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules are involved in sequence-specific suppression of gene expression by double-stranded RNA, through translational or transcriptional repression. Historically, RNAi was known by other names, including ''co-suppression'', ''post-transcriptional gene silencing'' (PTGS), and ''quelling''. The detailed study of each of these seemingly different processes elucidated that the identity of these phenomena were all actually RNAi. Andrew Fire and Craig Mello shared the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on RNAi in the nematode worm ''Caenorhabditis elegans'', which they published in 1998. Since the discovery of RNAi and its regulatory potentials, it has become evident that RNAi has immense potential in suppression of desired genes. RNAi is now known as precise, efficient, stable and better than antisense therapy for gene suppression. Antisense RNA produced intracellularly by an expression vector may be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
The American Phytopathological Society (APS) is an international scientific organization devoted to the study of phytopathology, plant diseases (phytopathology). APS promotes the advancement of modern concepts in the science of plant pathology and in plant health management in agriculture, agricultural, Urban area, urban and forest settings. The Society has nearly 5,000 plant pathologists and scientists worldwide. It is the oldest and largest organization of its type in the world. It is also a member of the International Society for Plant Pathology. APS provides information on the latest developments and research advances in plant health science through its scientific journal, journals and its publishing arm, APS Press. APS advocates and participates in the exchange of plant health information with public policy makers and the larger scientific community, and it provides advice on education and training. History The society was founded in December 1908 by a group led by Corn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
