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PSMC3
26S protease regulatory subunit 6A, also known as 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunit Rpt5, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PSMC3'' gene. This protein is one of the 19 essential subunits of a complete assembled 19S proteasome complex Six 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunits ( Rpt1, Rpt2, Rpt3, Rpt4, Rpt5 (this protein), and Rpt6) together with four non-ATPase subunits (Rpn1, Rpn2, Rpn10, and Rpn13) form the base sub complex of 19S regulatory particle for proteasome complex. Gene The gene ''PSMC3'' encodes one of the ATPase subunits, a member of the triple-A family of ATPases that have chaperone-like activity. This subunit may compete with PSMC2 for binding to the HIV tat protein to regulate the interaction between the viral protein and the transcription complex. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 9. The human ''PSMC3'' gene has 12 exons and locates at chromosome band 11p11.2. Protein The human protein 26S protease regulatory subunit 6A is 49k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PSMC5
26S protease regulatory subunit 8, also known as 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunit Rpt6, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PSMC5'' gene. This protein is one of the 19 essential subunits of a complete assembled 19S proteasome complex Six 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunits ( Rpt1, Rpt2, Rpt3, Rpt4, Rpt5, and Rpt6 (this protein)) together with four non-ATPase subunits (Rpn1, Rpn2, Rpn10, and Rpn13) form the base sub complex of 19S regulatory particle for proteasome complex. Gene The gene ''PSMC5'' encodes one of the ATPase subunits, a member of the triple-A family of ATPases which have a chaperone-like activity. In addition to participation in proteasome functions, this subunit may participate in transcriptional regulation since it has been shown to interact with the thyroid hormone receptor and retinoid X receptor-alpha. The human ''PSMC5'' gene has 13 exons and locates at chromosome band 17q23.3. Protein The human protein 26S protease regulatory subunit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PSMC2
26S protease regulatory subunit 7, also known as 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunit Rpt1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PSMC2'' gene This protein is one of the 19 essential subunits of a complete assembled 19S proteasome complex. Six 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunits (Rpt1 (this protein), Rpt2, Rpt3, Rpt4, Rpt5, and Rpt6) together with four non-ATPase subunits (Rpn1, Rpn2, Rpn10, and Rpn13) form the base sub complex of 19S regulatory particle for proteasome complex. Gene The gene ''PSMC2'' encodes one of the ATPase subunits, a member of the triple-A family of ATPases which have a chaperone-like activity. This subunit has been shown to interact with several of the basal transcription factors so, in addition to participation in proteasome functions, this subunit may participate in the regulation of transcription. This subunit may also compete with PSMC3 for binding to the HIV tat protein to regulate the interaction between the viral protein and the tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PSMC4
26S protease regulatory subunit 6B, also known as 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunit Rpt3, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PSMC4'' gene. This protein is one of the 19 essential subunits of a complete assembled 19S proteasome complex Six 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunits ( Rpt1, Rpt2, Rpt3 (this protein), Rpt4, Rpt5, and Rpt6) together with four non-ATPase subunits (Rpn1, Rpn2, Rpn10, and Rpn13) form the base sub complex of 19S regulatory particle for proteasome complex. Gene The gene ''PSMC4'' encodes one of the ATPase subunits, a member of the triple-A family of ATPases which have a chaperone-like activity. This subunit has been shown to interact with an orphan member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily highly expressed in liver, and with gankyrin, a liver oncoprotein. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. The human ''PSMC3'' gene has 11 exons and locates at chromosome band 19q13.11-q13.13. Protein The hu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PSMC1
26S protease regulatory subunit 4, also known as 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunit Rpt2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PSMC1'' gene. This protein is one of the 19 essential subunits of a complete assembled 19S proteasome complex. Six 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunits ( Rpt1, Rpt2 (this protein), Rpt3, Rpt4, Rpt5, and Rpt6) together with four non-ATPase subunits (Rpn1, Rpn2, Rpn10, and Rpn13) form the base sub complex of 19S regulatory particle for proteasome complex. Gene The gene ''PSMC1'' encodes one of the ATPase subunits, a member of the triple-A family of ATPases which have a chaperone-like activity. The human ''PSMC1'' gene has 11 exons and locates at chromosome band 14q32.11. Protein The human protein 26S protease regulatory subunit 4 is 49kDa in size and composed of 440 amino acids. The calculated theoretical pI of this protein is 526S protease regulatory subunit 5.68. One expression isoform is generated by alternative splicing, in which 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PSMC6
26S protease regulatory subunit S10B, also known as 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunit Rpt4, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PSMC6'' gene. This protein is one of the 19 essential subunits of a complete assembled 19S proteasome complex Six 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunits ( Rpt1, Rpt2, Rpt3, Rpt4 (this protein), Rpt5, and Rpt6) together with four non-ATPase subunits (Rpn1, Rpn2, Rpn10, and Rpn13) form the base sub complex of 19S regulatory particle for proteasome complex. Gene The gene ''PSMC6'' encodes one of the ATPase subunits, a member of the triple-A family of ATPases which have a chaperone-like activity. Pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 8 and 12. The human gene ''PSMC6'' has 15 exons and locates at chromosome band 14q22.1. Protein The human protein 26S protease regulatory subunit S10B is 44kDa in size and composed of 389 amino acids. The calculated theoretical pI of this protein is 7.09. Complex assembly 26S proteasome comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enzyme
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzyme catalysis in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. Metabolic pathways depend upon enzymes to catalyze individual steps. The study of enzymes is called ''enzymology'' and the field of pseudoenzyme analysis recognizes that during evolution, some enzymes have lost the ability to carry out biological catalysis, which is often reflected in their amino acid sequences and unusual 'pseudocatalytic' properties. Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Other biocatalysts are catalytic RNA molecules, called ribozymes. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures. Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the reaction ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity and the molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and noncoding genes. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes. Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PSMD2
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2, also as known as 26S Proteasome Regulatory Subunit Rpn1 (systematic nomenclature), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PSMD2'' gene. Structure Gene expression The gene ''PSMD2'' encodes a non-ATPase subunit of the 19S regulator base, which is responsible for substrate recognition and binding. The gene ''PSMD2'' encodes one of the non-ATPase subunits of the 19S regulator lid. In addition to participation in proteasome function, this subunit may also participate in the TNF signalling pathway since it interacts with the tumor necrosis factor type 1 receptor. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 1. The human ''PSMD2'' gene has 23 exons and locates at chromosome band 3q27.1. The human protein 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 is 100 kDa in size and composed of 909 amino acids. The calculated theoretical pI of this protein is 5.10. Two expression isoforms are generated by alternative splicing, in which e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PSMD1
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1, also as known as 26S Proteasome Regulatory Subunit Rpn2 (systematic nomenclature), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PSMD1'' gene. This protein is one of the 19 essential subunits that contributes to the complete assembly of 19S proteasome complex. Structure Gene expression The gene ''PSMD1'' encodes the largest non-ATPase subunit of the 19S regulator base, which is responsible for substrate recognition and binding. The human PSMD1 gene has 25 exons and locates at chromosome band 2q37.1. The human protein 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 is 106 kDa in size and composed of 953 amino acids. The calculated theoretical pI of this protein is 5.25. An alternative splicing during gene expression generates an isoform of the protein in which the amino acid sequence from 797-827 is missing. Complex assembly 26S proteasome complex is usually consisted of a 20S core particle (CP, or 20S proteasome) and one or two ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PSMD4
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4, also as known as 26S Proteasome Regulatory Subunit Rpn10 (systematic nomenclature), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PSMD4'' gene. This protein is one of the 19 essential subunits that contributes to the complete assembly of 19S proteasome complex. Gene The gene ''PSMD4'' encodes one of the non-ATPase subunits of the 19S regulator base, subunit Rpn10. Pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 10 and 21. The human ''PSMD4'' gene has 10 exons and locates at chromosome band 1q21.3. Protein The human protein 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 is 41 kDa in size and composed of 377 amino acids. The calculated theoretical pI of this protein is 4.68. An alternative splicing during gene expression generates an isoform of the protein in which the amino acid sequence from 269 to 377 is missing while the amino sequence between 255 and 268 is replaced from DSDDALLKMTISQQ to GERGGIRSPGTAGC. Complex assembl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ADRM1
Proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ADRM1'' gene. Recent evidences on proteasome complex structure confirmed that the protein encoded by gene ''ADRM1'', also known in yeast as 26S Proteasome regulatory subunit Rpn13 (systematic nomenclature for proteasome subunits), is a subunit of 19S proteasome complex. Gene The gene ''ADRM1'' encodes one of the non-ATPase subunits of the 19S regulator base, subunit Rpn13. The human PSMD4 gene has 10 exons and locates at chromosome band 20q13.33.The human protein Proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 is 42 kDa in size and composed of 407 amino acids. The calculated theoretical pI of this protein is 4.95. Structure The protein encoded by this gene is an integral plasma membrane protein which promotes cell adhesion. The encoded protein is thought to undergo O-linked glycosylation. Expression of this gene has been shown to be induced by gamma interferon in some cancer cells. Two transcript ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proteasome
Proteasomes are protein complexes which degrade unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks peptide bonds. Enzymes that help such reactions are called proteases. Proteasomes are part of a major mechanism by which cells regulate the concentration of particular proteins and degrade misfolded proteins. Proteins are tagged for degradation with a small protein called ubiquitin. The tagging reaction is catalyzed by enzymes called ubiquitin ligases. Once a protein is tagged with a single ubiquitin molecule, this is a signal to other ligases to attach additional ubiquitin molecules. The result is a ''polyubiquitin chain'' that is bound by the proteasome, allowing it to degrade the tagged protein. The degradation process yields peptides of about seven to eight amino acids long, which can then be further degraded into shorter amino acid sequences and used in synthesizing new proteins. Proteasomes are found inside all eukaryotes and archaea, and in so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
