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PRL Nostalgia
In Culture of Poland, Polish culture, PRL nostalgia is nostalgia for aspects of life in Polish People's Republic ( pl, Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL). As with other manifestations of Communist nostalgia, for people who lived in the times of the PRL, the two major factors of PRL nostalgia are the dissatisfaction with the present and the memory of the happy and most recollected past. Businesses were quick to respond to the phenomenon by renewing the manufacture of products from PRL times, such as warm ice cream, Polo-Cockta, SFM Junak, Junak motorcycles, Ludwik laundry detergent. ''Spiegel Online'', February 28, 2005 In Ridgewood, Queens, New Yo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PL Junak M07
PL, P.L., Pl, or .pl may refer to: Businesses and organizations Government and political * Partit Laburista, a Maltese political party * Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006), a Brazilian political party * Liberal Party (Moldova), a Moldovan political party * Liberal Party (Rwanda), a Rwandan political party * Parlamentarische Linke, a parliamentary caucus in Germany * Patriotic League (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Bosnian: ''Patriotska Liga''), a military organisation of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina * Philippine Legislature, a legislature that existed in the Philippines from 1907 to 1935 * Progressive Labor Party (United States), a United States communist party Sports leagues * Premier League, the top English association football league * Pacific League, one of the two leagues in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball * Pioneer Baseball League, a Rookie league in Minor League Baseball * Pioneer Football League, NCAA FCS conference Other businesses and organizations * Airstars Airw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pewex
Pewex () (short for ''Przedsiębiorstwo Eksportu Wewnętrznego'' – Internal Export Company) was a chain of hard-currency shops founded in 1972, during the Communist era in Poland that accepted payment only in United States dollars and other hard currencies, instead of the country's indigenous currency, the Złoty. History Pewex was created in the 1970s to help combat Communist Poland's foreign currency deficit. By the late-1960s, it had become apparent that the then socialist centrally-planned economy of Poland was inefficient. The rule of Edward Gierek led to a short period of economic prosperity. With the aid of foreign loans, Gierek instituted a programme to modernise industry and increase the availability of consumer goods. The standard of living increased markedly and for a time he was hailed a miracle-worker. The economy, however, began to falter during the 1973 oil crisis and by 1976 price increases became necessary, mostly to ease the repayment of these loans. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist Federal Republic Of Yugoslavia
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, commonly referred to as SFR Yugoslavia or simply as Yugoslavia, was a country in Central and Southeast Europe. It emerged in 1945, following World War II, and lasted until 1992, with the breakup of Yugoslavia occurring as a consequence of the Yugoslav Wars. Spanning an area of in the Balkans, Yugoslavia was bordered by the Adriatic Sea and Italy to the west, by Austria and Hungary to the north, by Bulgaria and Romania to the east, and by Albania and Greece to the south. It was a one-party socialist state and federation governed by the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, and had six constituent republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia. Within Serbia was the Yugoslav capital city of Belgrade as well as two autonomous Yugoslav provinces: Kosovo and Vojvodina. The SFR Yugoslavia traces its origins to 26 November 1942, when the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yugo-nostalgia
Yugo-nostalgia ( Slovene, Macedonian, and sh-Latn-Cyrl, jugonostalgija, југоносталгија) is a political and cultural phenomenon found among the populations of the former Yugoslavia, in the present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Kosovo, and Slovenia. It refers to an emotional longing for a time past when the splintered states were a part of one country, grief over the war that tore it apart, and a desire to again unite. Self-described "Yugo-nostalgics" may assert their grief that brotherly love, unity, and coexistence failed, while division and nationalism won, or they may assert that their quality of life was better. While its anthropological and sociological aspects have not been extensively studied, it can also be used negatively and ethnocentrically to denigrate someone usually of the same ethnic background who expresses sympathy or statement of support for any aspect of Yugoslavia against the prevailing nationalist zeit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Germany
East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state was a part of the Eastern Bloc in the Cold War. Commonly described as a communist state, it described itself as a socialist "workers' and peasants' state".Patrick Major, Jonathan Osmond, ''The Workers' and Peasants' State: Communism and Society in East Germany Under Ulbricht 1945–71'', Manchester University Press, 2002, Its territory was administered and occupied by Soviet forces following the end of World War II—the Soviet occupation zone of the Potsdam Agreement, bounded on the east by the Oder–Neisse line. The Soviet zone surrounded West Berlin but did not include it and West Berlin remained outside the jurisdiction of the GDR. Most scholars and academics describe the GDR as a totalitarian dictatorship. The GDR was establish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostalgie
In German culture, ''Ostalgie'' () is nostalgia for aspects of life in Communist East Germany. It is a portmanteau of the German words '' Ost'' (east) and ''Nostalgie'' (nostalgia). Its anglicised equivalent, ostalgia (rhyming with "nostalgia"), is also sometimes used. Another term for the phenomenon is GDR nostalgia (german: DDR-Nostalgie) The term was coined by the East German standup comic in 1992. Social scientist Thomas Ahbe argues that the term ‘ostalgia’ is often misunderstood as a lack of willingness to integrate, an uproar to reverse German reunification and reinstate the GDR. However, Ostalgia is rather an integration strategy used by East Germans who wanted to retain their own original experiences, memories and values incompatible with those of the West German majority. As with other cases of Communist nostalgia, there are various motivations, whether ideology, nationalism, wistfulness for a lost sense of social status or stability, or even aesthetics or iro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nostalgia For The Soviet Union
The social phenomenon of nostalgia for the era of the Soviet Union (russian: links=no, Ностальгия по СССР, Nostal'giya po SSSR), can include its politics, its society, its culture, its superpower status, or simply its aesthetics. Such nostalgia occurs among people in Russia and other post-Soviet states, as well as among people born in the Soviet Union but long since living abroad, and even among Communists and Soviet sympathizers from elsewhere in the world. It is associated with Soviet patriotism. In 2004, the television channel Nostalgiya, its logo featuring stylized hammer-and-sickle imagery, was launched in Russia. Polling Ever since the fall of the USSR and the Eastern Bloc, annual polling by the Levada Center has shown that over 50 percent of Russia's population lamented its collapse, with the only exception to this being in the year 2012 when support for the Soviet Union dipped below 50 percent. A 2018 poll showed that 66% of Russians regretted th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PRL Museum
The Museum of the Polish People's Republic ( pl, Muzeum PRL-u) is a museum in Kraków, Poland devoted to documenting the forty-year history of the communist People's Republic of Poland (PRL). It occupies the building of the old Kino Światowid ("Svetovid Cinema"), a formerly state-owned cinema in the Nowa Huta district of Kraków. The museum was established in 2008 as a division of the Warsaw Museum of Polish History. However, on November 7, 2012, the city council of Kraków decided to establish an independent museum in its place run by the city itself. Waiting for the renovation, the museum runs exhibitions in Kino Światowid ("Svetovid Cinema") and, since recently, offers guided tours through nuclear bunkers of Nowa Huta Nowa Huta (, literally "The New Steel Mill") is the easternmost district of Kraków, Poland. With more than 200,000 inhabitants, it is one of the most populous areas of the city. Until 1990, the neighbouring districts were considered expansions o .... Note ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Americans
Polish Americans ( pl, Polonia amerykańska) are Americans who either have total or partial Poles, Polish ancestry, or are citizens of the Republic of Poland. There are an estimated 9.15 million self-identified Polish Americans, representing about 2.83% of the Demographics of the United States, U.S. population. Polish Americans are the second-largest Central European ethnic group after German Americans, and the Race and ethnicity in the United States, eighth largest ethnic group overall in the United States. The first Polish immigrants came to the Jamestown, Virginia, Jamestown colony in 1608, twelve years before the Pilgrim (Plymouth Colony), Pilgrims arrived in Massachusetts. Two Polish volunteers, Casimir Pulaski and Tadeusz Kościuszko, led armies in the American Revolutionary War, Revolutionary War and are remembered as American heroes. Overall, around 2.2 million Poles and Polish subjects immigrated into the United States, between 1820 and 1914, chiefly after national insurg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Culture Of Poland
The culture of Poland ( pl, Kultura Polski ) is the product of its geography and distinct historical evolution, which is closely connected to an intricate thousand-year history. Polish culture forms an important part of western civilization and the western world, with significant contributions to art, music, philosophy, mathematics, science, politics and literature. Its unique character developed as a result of its geography at the confluence of various European regions. It is theorised and speculated that ethnic Poles and the other Lechites (Kashubians and Silesians) are the combination of descendants of West Slavs and people indigenous to the region including Celts, Balts and Germanic tribes which were gradually Polonized after Poland's Christianization by the Catholic Church in the 10th century. Over time Polish culture has been profoundly influenced by its interweaving ties with the Germanic, Baltic, Latinate and to a lesser extent; Byzantine and Ottoman cultures as well as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ridgewood, Queens
Ridgewood is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens. It borders the neighborhoods of Maspeth, Middle Village and Glendale, as well as the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Bushwick and East Williamsburg. Historically, the neighborhood straddled the Queens-Brooklyn boundary. The etymology of Ridgewood's name is disputed, but it may have referred to Ridgewood Reservoir, the local geography, or a road. The British settled Ridgewood in the 17th century, while the Dutch settled nearby Bushwick. The adjacent settlements led to decades of disputes over the boundary, which later became the border between Queens and Brooklyn. Bushwick was developed rapidly in the 19th century, but Ridgewood remained sparsely populated until the early 20th century, when rowhouses were built for its rapidly growing, predominantly German population. Ridgewood has become more ethnically diverse since the mid-20th century. Large parts of the neighborhood are national and city historic districts. Ridg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SFM Junak
Junak is a brand of Polish motorcycles, the only four-stroke models produced in Poland between World War II and the Revolutions of 1989. The name literally means "brave young man". Produced by Szczecińska Fabryka Motocykli (SFM) (en.: ''Szczecin Factory Motorcycles'') in three variants: M07, M10 and B20. During 1956-1965, a total of 91,400 Junak motorcycles were produced. Several models were produced, namely: 10,000 tourist M07, rally M07-R and cross M07-C models, 2500 three-wheeled B20’s, 8500 sidecars type WB1 and W03 while the rest were M10 models. The Junak frame was produced by SFM in Szczecin while the engines were made by ZSM in Łódź. During the transition from model M07 to M10 from 1960 to 1961 about 20,000 M10 models possessed some characteristics of the M07 model such as the headlight housing. These are called the transition or in Polish “przejsciowka” models. The Junak was designed in 1951-1952 in ''Biuro Konstrukcyjne Przemysłu Motoryzacyjnego'' (Automotiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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