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Orăștie Corridor
Orăștie (; german: link=no, Broos, hu, Szászváros, la, Saxopolis) is a city in Hunedoara County, south-western Transylvania, central Romania. History 7th–9th century – On the site of an old swamp was a human settlement, now the location of the old town center, whose remains can be traced into the 10th century when the first fortification was built with raised earth and wood stockades. 11th–12th century – The first Christian religious edifice was raised: The Orăștie Rotunda. It is a circular chapel, with an age estimated at 1000 years. Perhaps it was used only by aristocratic families that dominated the Orăștie area and surroundings in the 11th century. Nearby there is a similar construction from the same period – The Geoagiu Rotunda. 1105 – In the wake of the First Crusade Anselm von Braz ”liber de liberis genitus", châtelain of Logne, Walloon ministerial count settled here. The historian Karl Kurt Klein implies – thoug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Municipiu
A municipiu (from Latin ''municipium''; English: municipality) is a level of administrative subdivision in Romania and Moldova, roughly equivalent to city in some English-speaking countries. In Romania, this status is given to towns that are large and urbanized; at present, there are 103 ''municipii''. There is no clear benchmark regarding the status of ''municipiu'' even though it applies to localities which have a sizeable population, usually above 15,000, and extensive urban infrastructure. Localities that do not meet these loose guidelines are classified only as towns (''orașe''), or if they are not urban areas, as communes (''comune''). Cities are governed by a mayor and local council. There are no official administrative subdivisions of cities even though, unofficially, municipalities may be divided into quarters/districts (''cartiere'' in Romanian). The exception to this is Bucharest, which has a status similar to that of a county, and is officially subdivided into six adm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tumen (unit)
Tumen, or tümen ("unit of ten thousand"; Old Turkic: tümän; mn, Түмэн, ''tümen''; tr , tümen; hu , tömény), was a decimal unit of measurement used by the Turkic and Mongol peoples to quantify and organize their societies in groups of 10,000. A ''tumen'' denotes a tribal unit of 10,000 households, or a military unit of 10,000 soldiers. English Orientalist Sir Gerard Clauson (1891-1974) defined ''tümän'' as immediately borrowed from Tokharian ''tmān'', which according to Edwin G. Pulleyblank might have been etymologically inherited from Old Chinese ''tman'' or . Magyar military organization of the Conquest Era It was thought that the same kind of military organization was used by the Magyars during the conquest of Hungary. According to Ahmad ibn Rustah (c. 930), a Persian explorer and geographer relying on second-hand information, the "Magyars are a race of Turks and their king rides out with horsemen to the number of 10,000 and this king is called Kanda". ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) // CITED: p. 36 (PDF p. 38/338) also known as the Turkish Empire, was an empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt (modern-day Bilecik Province) by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe and, with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed the Conqueror. Under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire marked the peak of its power and prosperity, as well a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guild
A guild ( ) is an association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular area. The earliest types of guild formed as organizations of tradesmen belonging to a professional association. They sometimes depended on grants of letters patent from a monarch or other ruler to enforce the flow of trade to their self-employed members, and to retain ownership of tools and the supply of materials, but were mostly regulated by the city government. A lasting legacy of traditional guilds are the guildhalls constructed and used as guild meeting-places. Guild members found guilty of cheating the public would be fined or banned from the guild. Typically the key "privilege" was that only guild members were allowed to sell their goods or practice their skill within the city. There might be controls on minimum or maximum prices, hours of trading, numbers of apprentices, and many other things. These rules reduced free competition, but sometimes mainta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turdaș
Turdaș ( hu, Tordos, german: Tordesch) is a commune in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Pricaz (''Perkász''), Râpaș (''Répás''), Spini (''Pád'') and Turdaș. Turdaș has been attested to in various relics found in museums in Germany and Romania. The first is a tax collector report dated to 1334, where in the Catholic priest paid one silver mark in taxes; the Germans in the region were Catholic until the 16th century. According to the report the village had 56 "smokes" or chimneys, i.e. houses. Turdaș is located in an area of Transylvanian Saxon settlement, and the village traditionally had a strong German population. This is the location of the Turdaş archaeological site, some 7000 years old. The archaeological site was a large Neolithic/Chalcolithic settlement along the course of the river Mureș. It was first researched by Zsófia Torma. The sub-culture Vinča-Turdaș (a late, regional variation of the Vinča culture The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles I Of Hungary
Charles I, also known as Charles Robert ( hu, Károly Róbert; hr, Karlo Robert; sk, Karol Róbert; 128816 July 1342) was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1308 to his death. He was a member of the Capetian House of Anjou and the only son of Charles Martel, Prince of Salerno. His father was the eldest son of Charles II of Naples and Mary of Hungary. Mary laid claim to Hungary after her brother, Ladislaus IV of Hungary, died in 1290, but the Hungarian prelates and lords elected her cousin, Andrew III, king. Instead of abandoning her claim to Hungary, she transferred it to her son, Charles Martel, and after his death in 1295, to her grandson, Charles. On the other hand, her husband, Charles II of Naples, made their third son, Robert, heir to the Kingdom of Naples, thus disinheriting Charles. Charles came to the Kingdom of Hungary upon the invitation of an influential Croatian lord, Paul Šubić, in August 1300. Andrew III died on 14 January 1301, and within four mon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Hungarian Monarchs
This is a list of Hungarian monarchs, that includes the grand princes (895–1000) and the kings and ruling queens of Hungary (1000–1918). The Principality of Hungary established 895 or 896, following the 9th-century Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin. The Kingdom of Hungary existed from 1000 (or arguably from 1001; the coronation of Saint Stephen) until 1918 (when Charles IV "renounced participation" in state affairs, but did not abdicate). The Árpád dynasty, the male-line descendants of Grand Prince Árpád, ruled Hungary continuously from 895 to 1301. Semi-legendary rulers before the Conquest Grand Princes of Hungary House of Árpád ''The king-list for the first half of the 10th century is often disputed, as the Hungarian nation consisted of several tribes led by various leaders. The most frequently proposed list is:'' Kings of Hungary House of Árpád (1000–1301) House of Přemyslid (1301–1305) House of Wittelsbach (1305–1307) House of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rogerius Of Apulia
Roger of Torre Maggiore or Master Roger ( hu, Rogerius mester; 1205 in Torre Maggiore – April 14, 1266 in Split) was an Italian prelate active in the Kingdom of Hungary in the middle of the 13th century. He was archbishop of Split in Dalmatia from 1249 until his death. His '' Epistle to the Sorrowful Lament upon the Destruction of the Kingdom of Hungary by the Tatars'' is a unique and important source of the Mongol invasion of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1241 and 1242. Early life According to archdeacon Thomas of Split, Roger was "from a town called ''Turris Cepia'' in the region of Benevento", that has been identified with Torre Maggiore in Apulia in Italy.Introduction to Master Roger's Epistle (2010), p. ''xli.'' He arrived in the Kingdom of Hungary in the retinue of Cardinal Giacomo da Pecorara, a papal legate sent to King Andrew II of Hungary in 1232. Although he received the prebend of a chaplainship, and later of the archdeacon in the cathedral chapterCurta 200 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alba Iulia
Alba Iulia (; german: Karlsburg or ''Carlsburg'', formerly ''Weißenburg''; hu, Gyulafehérvár; la, Apulum) is a city that serves as the seat of Alba County in the west-central part of Romania. Located on the Mureș River in the historical region of Transylvania, it has a population of 63,536 (). During ancient times, the site was the location of the Roman camp Apulum. Since the High Middle Ages, the city has been the seat of Transylvania's Roman Catholic diocese. Between 1542 and 1690 it was the capital of the principality of Transylvania. At one point it also was a center of the Eastern Orthodox Metropolitan of Transylvania with suffragan to Vad diocese.Maksym Mayorov. Metropolitan of Kiev and other Eastern Orthodox Churches before 1686 (Київська митрополія та інші православні церкви перед 1686 роком ) Likbez. 16 December 2018 On 1 December 1918, the Union of Transylvania with Romania was declared in Alba Iulia, and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cenad
Cenad ( hu, Nagycsanád, during the Dark Ages ''Marosvár''; german: Tschanad; sr, Чанад, Čanad; la, Chanadinum) is a commune in Timiș County, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Cenad. The village serves as a customs point on the border with Hungary. Today's village was formed by merging Cenadu Mare ("Great Cenad" or "Rascian Cenad"; hu, Ráccsanád; german: Raitzisch-Tschanad) and Cenadu Vechi ("Old Cenad" or "German Cenad"; hu, Németcsanád; german: Deutsch-Tschanad) in the 20th century. Geography Cenad is located in the west of Timiș County, on the left bank of the Mureș River, on the border with Hungary. It borders Igriș to the northeast, Saravale to the southeast, Sânnicolau Mare to the south, Dudeștii Vechi to the southwest and Beba Veche to the west. Climate The climate is temperate continental, with weak Mediterranean influences. It is manifested by milder winters and summers that are not excessively hot, the average annual temperature being ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sebeș
Sebeș (; German: ''Mühlbach''; Hungarian: ''Szászsebes''; Transylvanian Saxon dialect: ''Melnbach'') is a city in Alba County, central Romania, southern Transylvania. Geography The city lies in the Mureș River valley and straddles the river Sebeș. It is at the crossroads of two main highways in Romania: the A1 motorway coming from Sibiu and going towards Deva and the A10 motorway going towards Alba Iulia and Cluj-Napoca. Their national road counterparts passing through the city are the DN1 ( E81) and the DN7 ( E68), both of which also come from Sibiu. It is situated south of the county capital Alba Iulia and it also has three villages under its administration: * Petrești (''Petersdorf''; ''Péterfalva'') – south * Lancrăm (''Langendorf''; ''Lámkerék'') – north * Răhău (''Reichau''; ''Rehó'') – east. Climate Sebeș has a humid continental climate (''Cfb'' in the Köppen climate classification). History It is believed that there has been an earlier ru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miercurea Sibiului
Miercurea Sibiului (german: Reußmarkt; hu, Szerdahely) is a town in the west of Sibiu County, in southern Transylvania, central Romania, to the west of the county capital, Sibiu. Administration Miercurea Sibiului was declared a town in 2004 and it is one of the smallest and least urbanised ones in the country. The town administers two villages: * The village of Apoldu de Sus (''Großpold''; ''Nagyapold''), away * The village of Dobârca (''Dobring''; ''Doborka''), away. Also, 5 km away there is a small spa town, Băile Miercurea. At the 2011 census, 83.1% of inhabitants were Romanians, 14.7% Roma, and 1.9% Germans. Geography The town lies on the contact area between the Transylvanian Plateau and the Cindrel Mountains, a massif in the Parâng Mountains group in the Southern Carpathians, on a small depression formed by the Secaș River. The river Dobârca is a left tributary of the Secaș that flows through the eponymous village. The river Apold and its left tributa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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