|
Orzocorre I Of Arborea
Orzocorre I (also spelled ''Onroco'' or ''Orsocorre''; perhaps born as ''Torbeno'') was the Judge of Arborea from circa 1070 (at least by 1073) to circa 1100 and is the first ruler of Arborea about whom anything substantial is known. He was the founder of an Arborean dynasty which reigned until 1185. He succeeded Marianus I, about whose government nothing is known, though some presume that Orzocorre was his son. If true, this would make Orzocorre a member of the Thori family. After it was destroyed in a war, Orzocorre moved the capital of Arborea from Tharros to Aurestanni (Oristano), where it remained for the next three centuries. He also built a church dedicated to Saint Nicholas at Ottana. Orzocorre ruled at a time when Western monasticism and the Gregorian reform were bringing Sardinia Sardinia ( ; it, Sardegna, label=Italian, Corsican and Tabarchino ; sc, Sardigna , sdc, Sardhigna; french: Sardaigne; sdn, Saldigna; ca, Sardenya, label=Algherese and Catalan) is t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judge Of Arborea
The Kings or ''Judges'' (from the Latin language, Latin ''iudices'' and the Sardinian language, Sardinian ', "judges," the title of the Byzantine officials left behind when Imperial power receded in the West) of the Kingdom of Arborea, Arborea were the local rulers of the west of Sardinia during the Middle Ages. Theirs was the longest-lasting judgedom, surviving as an independent state until the fifteenth century. House of Lacon-Gunale, Lacon Gunale *Gonario I of Torres, Gonario I (c. 1015 – c. 1038) *Barisone I of Torres, Barisone I (c. 1038 – c. 1060) *Marianus I of Arborea, Marianus I (c. 1060 – c. 1070) *Orzocorre I of Arborea, Orzocorre I (c. 1070 – c. 1100) *Torbeno of Arborea, Torbeno (c. 1100) *Orzocorre II of Arborea, Orzocorre II (c. 1100 – c. 1122) *Comita I of Arborea, Comita I House of Lacon Serra *Gonario II of Arborea, Gonario II *Constantine I of Arborea, Constantine I (c. 1101 – 1131) *Comita II of Arborea, Comita II (1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barisone I Of Torres
Barison I or Barisone I was the ''judge'' of Arborea from around 1038 until about 1060 and then of Logudoro until his death sometime around 1073. He is the first ruler of Logudoro of whom we have any real knowledge. His whole policy was opposition to the Republic of Pisa and support of monastic immigration from mainland Italy. His wife was Preziosa de Orrubu. On hearing of the death of the judge of Logudoro around 1060, Barison gave Arborea to his nephew (or son) Marianus and went to Porto Torres to receive the vacant judgeship. In 1063, Barisone gave a gift of a large territory and two churches, including the Byzantine church of Nostra Segnora de Mesumundu and that of Sant'Elia di Montesanto, to the abbey of Montecassino and asked the abbot Desiderius of Benevento to send twelve monksA. Saba, ''Montecassino e la Sardegna medioevale.'' Note storiche e codice diplomatico sardo cassinese, Montecassino, 1927, pp. 21-23 to establish the Benedictine rule on the island of Sardinia. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orzocorre II Of Arborea
Orzocorre II (also spelled ''Onroco'' or ''Orsocorre'') (died 1122) was the Judge of Arborea in Sardinia in the early twelfth century. He was the son and successor of Torbeno and Anna de Lacon. In a parchment preserved with his subscription to it, his grandmother Nivata was granted the right to dispose of the two houses of Nurage Nigellu and Massone de Capras which she had built as she wished. She granted them to the Emperor An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereignty, sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), ... with the condition that they not be sold. This strongly suggests the recognition of imperial suzerainty in the province of Arborea at the time.Manno, note 724. Orzocorre's wife was Maria Orvu and his son and successor was Comita I. Notes Sources *Manno, Giuseppe (1835). Storia di Sardegna'. P.M. Visaj. *Far ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torbeno Of Arborea
Torbeno or Turbino was the eldest son and successor of Orzocorre I as Judge of Arborea from about 1100 until his death. His mother was Nivata or Nibatta or Nivatora. Torbeno himself married Anna de Lacon and was the father of Orzocorre II, who succeeded him. Torbeno, with his son, signed a charter permitting his mother Nivata to dispose of the castles of Nuraghe Nigellu and Massone de Capras, which she had built, as she wished. She gave them to the Holy Roman Emperor, whom she states to have been Torbeno's suzerain, in perpetuity. According to another charter, which calls Torbeno "de Lacon" and his wife "de Zori," he purchased a red horse from Constantine "Dorrubu" (de Orrubu) at the cost of some slaves and some land in the vicinity of Nuraghe Nigello, which implies that perhaps Constantine was placed in charge of those places by Nivata. Some have supposed that this last charter was belonged to another Torbeno who was Judge of Arborea about the same time. Perhaps Orzocorre I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Gregory VII
Pope Gregory VII ( la, Gregorius VII; 1015 – 25 May 1085), born Hildebrand of Sovana ( it, Ildebrando di Soana), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 22 April 1073 to his death in 1085. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church. One of the great reforming popes, he is perhaps best known for the part he played in the Investiture Controversy, his dispute with Emperor Henry IV that affirmed the primacy of papal authority and the new canon law governing the election of the pope by the College of Cardinals. He was also at the forefront of developments in the relationship between the emperor and the papacy during the years before he became pope. He was the first pope in several centuries to rigorously enforce the Western Church's ancient policy of celibacy for the clergy and also attacked the practice of simony. Gregory VII excommunicated Henry IV three times. Consequently, Henry IV would appoint Antipope Clement III to oppose him in the polit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torchitorio Of Gallura
Torchitorio de Zori (also spelled ''Torcotor(e)(io)'' or ''(T)(D)orgodorio'', and also ''de Thori''; died before 1113) is the earliest Judge of Gallura known with certainty and attested by contemporary sources. He lived in the late 11th century at a time when Sardinia was entering the wider Western European scene for the first time in centuries. Like his contemporary judges, he patronised Western monasticism. Works His most enduring work was the building of a new church in Civita (modern Olbia), where he made his capital, in honour of Saint Simplicius, a sixth-century bishop and martyr of the city. Torchitorio also invited monks from Saint-Victor at Marseilles to come to Gallura in 1089, in imitation of his contemporary Torchitorio I of Cagliari. He granted the new monks four churches and they in turn opened up new lines of intellectual and economic interchange with Provence. Sometime after 1092, however, Torchitorio fell out with the church. Dagobert, Archbishop of Pisa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantine I Of Cagliari
Constantine IAlso ''Costantino'', ''Gosantine'', ''Goantine'', or ''Gantine''. was the giudice of Cagliari. He was the son of the ''giudice'' Orzocco Torchitorio and ''giudicessa'' Vera. In the eleventh century, the throne of Cagliari traditionally passed between the houses of Torchitorio de Ugunale and Salusio de Lacon. Constantine took the name Salusio II (de Lacon) upon his succession, in an attempt to unite the families. He appears in contemporary charters as ''rex et iudex Caralitanus'': "King and Judge of Cagliari." On 30 June 1089, Constantine confirmed that the monastery of Saint-Victor in Marseille possessed the Sardinian monasteries of San Giorgio di Decimo and San Genesio di Uta. Such confirmations of monastic privileges were commonly associated with accessions at the time and this seems to indicate that Constantine was new to the throne in 1089, fixing the date of his succession to in or shortly before that year. The bishops and giudici of Cagliari had attained a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torchitorio I Of Cagliari
Orzocorre Torchitorio I (also spelled ''Orzocco'' and ''Torgodorio''; died circa 1089) was the Judge of Cagliari (''rex Sardiniae de loco Call.'') from about 1058 to his death. At his time, the throne was customarily alternated between the Torchitorio de Ugunale and Salusio de Lacon families. Obviously, Torchitorio was of the former. Torchitorio was judge at a time when Western monasticism was being introduced into Sardinia as part of the Gregorian reform of the Papacy. Cagliari, like the other ''giudicati'', was placed under papal and Pisan authority. Torchitorio is thus one of the first judges of Cagliari about whom anything is known. He severely increased donations to the church and lent support to the monks of Monte Cassino who were arriving on the island to bring economic, technological, and religious renewal. Despite this, his attention to the church, the only portion of his policy handed down to us, has led to him being labelled "publicly useless" by certain historians.Now ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantine I Of Logudoro
Constantine IAlso ''Costantino'', ''Gosantine'', ''Goantine'', or ''Gantine''. (c. 1064 – 1128) was the giudice of Logudoro. He was co-ruling by 1082 and sole ruler by 1113. His reign is usually said to have begun about 1112. He was the son of Marianus I, with whom he co-reigned, and Susanna de Thori. 1113/1115 Sometime between 1113, the first year in which Constantine is recorded as sole ruler, and 1115, a Tuscan and Lombard fleet, led by the Republic of Pisa, sailed into the harbour of Porto Torres following the successful liberation of the Balearic Islands from Saracen domination. Indeed, one of the leaders of this brigade was Saltaro, Constantine's son. According to the ''Liber maiolichinus'', Constantine was recognised as ''re chiaro e molto celebrato'' ("clear, most-celebrated king") over the entire island of Sardinia after this. Improved knowledge Constantine continued the monastic reforms and expansions of his predecessors' reigns. He firstly supported the Cass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sardinia
Sardinia ( ; it, Sardegna, label=Italian, Corsican and Tabarchino ; sc, Sardigna , sdc, Sardhigna; french: Sardaigne; sdn, Saldigna; ca, Sardenya, label=Algherese and Catalan) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, and one of the 20 regions of Italy. It is located west of the Italian Peninsula, north of Tunisia and immediately south of the French island of Corsica. It is one of the five Italian regions with some degree of domestic autonomy being granted by a special statute. Its official name, Autonomous Region of Sardinia, is bilingual in Italian and Sardinian: / . It is divided into four provinces and a metropolitan city. The capital of the region of Sardinia — and its largest city — is Cagliari. Sardinia's indigenous language and Algherese Catalan are referred to by both the regional and national law as two of Italy's twelve officially recognized linguistic minorities, albeit gravely endangered, while the regional law provides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marianus I Of Arborea
Marianus I, known as Mariano de Zori, was an early Judge of Arborea. The exact date of his reign is unknown. Francisco de Vico, followed by José Pellicer, placed it in 1000–20 without any documentary evidence. Giovanni Francesco Fara Giovanni Francesco Fara (February 4, 1543 - 1591) was a Sardinian historian, geographer and clergyman,http://www.filologiasarda.eu/didattica/schede/slides.php?sez=37&id=560&didaSec=letteratura who wrote in Latin. Biography Giovanni Francesco Far ..., after analysing the documents, placed the reign of one unnamed judge earlier than that of Marianus, and dated his to around 1050.''De rebus sardoiss'', book II, p. 237. A record of none of his acts has survived, and he is only important for standing at the head of Arborea's first dynasty, which took the name Lacon (or Laccon). Notes References *Pasquale Tola, ''Dizionario biografico degli uomini illustri di Sardegna''vol. II Manlio Brigaglia, ed. Nuoro: Ilisso, 2001 urin, 1838 {{DEFAULTSORT:Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
