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Occupation Of Zor
The Occupation of Zor was the 1918–1920 occupation of the Zor Sanjak in Upper Mesopotamia after World War I by Iraqi nationalists representing the Arab government in Damascus led by Emir Faisal. Contrary to the intentions of the Iraqi nationalists, the occupation ensured that the region became part of the modern state of Syria. The territory was located between the Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (OETA) in Syria on the West and British-occupied Iraq (1918–1920) on the East. The governors of occupied Zor were, in order: Mar'i Pasha al-Mallah, Ramadan al-Shallash, and Mawlud Mukhlis; the latter two were members of the Iraqi Covenant Society. See also * Haj Fadel Government References Bibliography * Christian Velud. (1988)Histoire des recherches à Doura-Europos: Contexte historique régional des fouilles de Doura-europos entre les deux Guerres mondiales Syria, 65(3/4), 363-382. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4198721 * * Gertrude Bell Gertrude Marg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zor Sanjak
The Sanjak of Zor ( tr, Deyr-i-Zor sancağı) was a sanjak of the Ottoman Empire, which was created in 1857. Some of its area was separated from the Baghdad Vilayet. Zor was sometimes mentioned as being part of the Aleppo Vilayet,''Studies on Ottoman Social and Political History: Selected Articles and Essays'' p. 647. Kemal H. Karpat, BRILL, 2002 ″The Vilayet of Halap (Aleppo) comprised Maraş, Urfa and Zor. In 1899, a fourth sanjak, that of Antioch was formed ...″ or of the Syria Vilayet. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper Mesopotamia
Upper Mesopotamia is the name used for the uplands and great outwash plain of northwestern Iraq, northeastern Syria and southeastern Turkey, in the northern Middle East. Since the early Muslim conquests of the mid-7th century, the region has been known by the traditional Arabic name of ''al-Jazira'' ( ar, الجزيرة "the island", also transliterated ''Djazirah'', ''Djezirah'', ''Jazirah'') and the Syriac variant ''Gāzartā'' or ''Gozarto'' (). The Euphrates and Tigris rivers transform Mesopotamia into almost an island, as they are joined together at the Shatt al-Arab in the Basra Governorate of Iraq, and their sources in eastern Turkey are in close proximity. The region extends south from the mountains of Anatolia, east from the hills on the left bank of the Euphrates river, west from the mountains on the right bank of the Tigris river and includes the Sinjar plain. It extends down the Tigris to Samarra and down the Euphrates to Hit, Iraq. The Khabur runs for over across ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Damascus
)), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , pushpin_map = Syria#Mediterranean east#Arab world#Asia , pushpin_label_position = right , pushpin_mapsize = , pushpin_map_caption = Location of Damascus within Syria , pushpin_relief = 1 , coordinates = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = , subdivision_type1 = Governorate , subdivision_name1 = Damascus Governorate, Capital City , government_footnotes = , government_type = , leader_title = Governor , leader_name = Mohammad Tariq Kreishati , parts_type = Municipalities , parts = 16 , established_title = , established_date ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faisal I
Faisal I bin Al-Hussein bin Ali Al-Hashemi ( ar, فيصل الأول بن الحسين بن علي الهاشمي, ''Faysal el-Evvel bin al-Ḥusayn bin Alī el-Hâşimî''; 20 May 1885 – 8 September 1933) was King of the Arab Kingdom of Syria or Greater Syria in 1920, and was King of Iraq from 23 August 1921 until his death. He was the third son of Hussein bin Ali, the Grand Emir and Sharif of Mecca, who was proclaimed as King of the Arabs in June 1916. He was a 38th-generation direct descendant of Muhammad, as he belonged to the Hashemite family. Faisal fostered unity between Sunni and Shiite Muslims to encourage common loyalty and promote pan-Arabism in the goal of creating an Arab state that would include Iraq, Syria and the rest of the Fertile Crescent. While in power, Faisal tried to diversify his administration by including different ethnic and religious groups in offices. However, Faisal's attempt at pan-Arab nationalism possibly contributed to the isolation of cert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syria
Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It is a unitary state, unitary republic that consists of Governorates of Syria, 14 governorates (subdivisions), and is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to Iraq–Syria border, the east and southeast, Jordan to Jordan–Syria border, the south, and Israel and Lebanon to Lebanon–Syria border, the southwest. Cyprus lies to the west across the Mediterranean Sea. A country of fertile plains, high mountains, and deserts, Syria is home to demographics of Syria, diverse ethnic and religious groups, including the majority Syrians, Syrian Arabs, Kurds in Syria, Kurds, Syrian Turkmen, Turkmens, Assyrians in Syria, Assyrians, Armenians in Syria, Armenians, Circa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
The Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (OETA) was a joint British, French and Arab military administration over Levantine provinces of the former Ottoman Empire between 1917 and 1920, set up on 23 October 1917 following the Sinai and Palestine Campaign and Arab Revolt of World War I. Although it was declared by the British military, who were in control of the region, it was followed on 30 September 1918 by the 1918 Anglo-French Modus Vivendi in which it was agreed that the British would give the French control in certain areas, and the Hashemites were given joint control of the Eastern area per T.E. Lawrence's November 1918 " Sharifian plan". Following the occupation of the Adana Vilayet (the region of Cilicia) in December 1918, a new territory, OETA North, was set up. The administration ended in OETA West and OETA South in 1920 following the assignment of the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon and British Mandate for Palestine at the 19–26 April 1920 San Remo confer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mar'i Pasha Al-Mallah
Mar'i Pasha al-Mallah ( ar, مرعي باشا الملاح / ALA-LC: ''Mar‘ī Bāshā al-Mallāḥ''; 1856 – 22 November 1930) was a Syrian political leader and statesman. Life Al-Mallah was born in Aleppo. He graduated from the Galatasaray Mekteb-i Sultanisi (Galatasaray Imperial School) in Constantinople, in 1876. Al-Mallah held major positions in Aleppo under the Ottoman (Turks), including: * President of the Mixed Commercial Court (1885–1897); * Mayor of Aleppo (1899–1900); * District Attorney (1905–1906); * Chairman of the Agro-Bank (1906–1907) * Director of Endowments (1909–1911). And he was Privy to Sultan Abdulhamid II. He represented Aleppo in the Ottoman Parliament of 1908, and served as the last Ottoman Interim Governor of the Province of Aleppo. Following the Ottoman collapse, al-Mallah contributed to the foundation of the first modern Arab state in Syria under King Faysal I, became the governor of occupied Zor, and was elected Deputy Speak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramadan Al-Shallash
Ramaḍān Pāshā al-Shallāsh ( ar, رمضان شلاش; 1879– 1962) was a prominent rebel commander of the 1925 Great Syrian Revolt and, prior to that, a military officer in the Ottoman and Sharifian armies. Shallash became a captain in the Ottoman army, serving on the Libyan and Balkan fronts in 1911 and 1912, respectively. In 1916, he joined the Arab independence movement of Sharif Hussein. Three years later, he led efforts to ensure Deir ez-Zor and its environs become part of Syria; to that end, he and his Bedouin fighters expelled the British from the city without apparent sanction from Hussein's son, Emir Faisal. He was consequently dismissed from Deir ez-Zor but continued his efforts nonetheless. After France toppled Faisal's government and took over Syria in 1920, Shallash moved to Transjordan. He served as the intermediary between that country's emir and Faisal's brother, Abdullah, and the northern Syrian revolt leader Ibrahim Hananu. With the launch of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mawlud Mukhlis
Mawlud Mukhlis ( ar, مولود مخلص), born in Mosul in 1886 and died in Beirut, Lebanon in 1951, was an Arab nationalist, soldier and Iraqi politician. He headed the Chamber of Deputies of Iraq from December 1937 to November 1941. Biography He joined the Covenant Society in 1914–15, commanded the Ottoman cavalry at the Battle of Shaiba and the Siege of Kut, and was subsequently arrested by the Ottomans on charges of spying for Britain. After escaping arrest, he joined the Arab Revolt. He successfully defending Wadi Musa when Turkish forces under the command of Mehmed Djemal Pasha attacked on 21 October 1917, in the Battle of Wadi Musa. He later became '' aide-de-camp'' to Faisal during the Arab Kingdom of Syria period. In 1919–20, he became the governor of occupied Zor. He participated in the 1920 Iraqi revolt against the British, served as governor of Karbala in 1923, and was appointed to the Senate of Iraq by King Faisal in 1925. He won a seat in the parliamen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Covenant Society
Covenant may refer to: Religion * Covenant (religion), a formal alliance or agreement made by God with a religious community or with humanity in general ** Covenant (biblical), in the Hebrew Bible ** Covenant in Mormonism, a sacred agreement between God and a person or group of people ** Covenant of allegiance in Ahmadiyya Islam, which requires followers to fulfill the Ten Conditions of Bai'at ** Covenant of Bahá'u'lláh, in the Bahá'í faith, two separate binding agreements between God and man *** Greater Covenant, the covenant made between each Manifestation from God and his followers regarding the coming of the next Manifestation from God *** Lesser Covenant, regarding the successorship of authority within the religion ** Covenant theology, in Christianity interpretations of a covenant surrounding Jesus's death and resurrection ** Mosaic covenant, a biblical covenant between God and the biblical Israelites, including their proselytes. ** New Covenant theology, a Christi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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