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Otto II, Duke Of Brunswick-Göttingen
Otto II of Brunswick-Göttingen (nicknamed ''Otto Cocles'' or ''Otto the One-eyed''; – 6 February 1463), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and, after the death of his father Otto the Evil in 1394, ruling Prince of Göttingen. Life Still a minor when he succeeded to the throne, he initially had to accept the tutelage of his cousin Frederick I, ruling Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, until he was declared to have reached majority by King Wenceslaus in 1398. His father had left him a financially and politically ruined country. Unlike his warlike father, Otto remained a peace-loving ruler. He managed to restore political order, but was not able to resolve the financial problems. For the maintenance of law and order, he allied with the cities in the region, such as Uslar, Seesen and Gandersheim, to fight against powerful robber barons. He succeeded in 1407, together with the citizens of Göttingen 1407, in storming the castle at Jühnde, while al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Brunswick-Lüneburg
The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (german: Herzogtum Braunschweig und Lüneburg), or more properly the Duchy of Brunswick and Lüneburg, was a historical duchy that existed from the late Middle Ages to the Late Modern era within the Holy Roman Empire, until the year of its dissolution. The duchy was located in what is now northwestern Germany. Its name came from the two largest cities in the territory: Braunschweig, Brunswick and Lüneburg. The dukedom emerged in 1235 from the allodial lands of the House of Welf in Duchy of Saxony, Saxony and was granted as an imperial fief to Otto the Child, a grandson of Henry the Lion. The duchy was divided several times during the High Middle Ages amongst various lines of the House of Welf, but each ruler was styled "Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg" in addition to his own particular title. By 1692, the territories had consolidated to two: the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg (commonly known as Electorate of H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estates Of The Realm
The estates of the realm, or three estates, were the broad orders of social hierarchy used in Christendom (Christian Europe) from the Middle Ages to early modern Europe. Different systems for dividing society members into estates developed and evolved over time. The best known system is the French ''Ancien Régime'' (Old Regime), a three-estate system which was made up of clergy (the First Estate), nobles (Second Estate), peasants and bourgeoisie (Third Estate). In some regions, notably Sweden and Russia, burghers (the urban merchant class) and rural commoners were split into separate estates, creating a four-estate system with rural commoners ranking the lowest as the Fourth Estate. In Norway the taxpaying classes were considered as one, and with a very little aristocracy, this class/estate were as powerful as the monarchy itself. In Denmark, however, only owners of large tracts of land had any influence. Furthermore, the non-landowning poor could be left outside the estates, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerhard VI Of Jülich, Count Of Berg And Ravensberg
Gerhard VI of Jülich, Count of Berg and Ravensberg ( – 18 May 1360) was the son of William V, Duke of Jülich and Joanna of Hainaut.Walther Möller, ''Stammtafeln westdeutscher Adelsgeschlechter im Mittelalter'' (Darmstadt, 1922, reprint Verlag Degener & Co., 1995), Vol. 1, page 14. Gerhard was betrothed in 1333 (renewed 1342) to Margaret of Guelders, daughter of Rainald II of Guelders and Sophia Betrout. However, this marriage was never consummated, likely due either to Rainald's death in 1343 or Margaret's death in 1344. Gerhard was subsequently married about 1344 to Margaret of Ravensberg, heiress of Berg and Ravensberg (died 13/19 February 1389), daughter of Otto IV, Count of Ravensberg and Margaret of Berg. Margaret's father Otto had no sons so at his death in 1328, the County of Ravensberg went to his brother Bernhard. However, when Bernhard died in 1346 without issue, Margaret became the heir of Ravensberg, her elder sister Hedwig having died in 1336. Then, when Mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry II, Landgrave Of Hesse
Henry II of Hesse (German: ''Heinrich''), (c. 1299 – 3 June 1376) called "the Iron" was Landgrave of Hesse from 1328–1376. Henry was the son of Otto I, Landgrave of Hesse and Adelheid of Ravensburg. With his wife Elisabeth of Thuringia, daughter of Frederick I, Margrave of Meissen, he had five children: * Otto the Younger (1322c-1366) * Adelheid (1323/24-1370) later wife of Casimir III of Poland * Elisabeth 329c-1390later wife of Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen Duke Ernest I of Brunswick-Göttingen ( – 24 April 1367John Morby, ''Dynasties of the World: a chronological and genealogical handbook'', Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1989, p. 132 viewed on 20 August 2006) was a member of the Guelph dynas ... * Jutta/Judith; died in infancy * Margarethe, a nun in Haidau monastery When Henry's son Otto died in 1366, his nephew Hermann was named co-regent. This caused fighting to break out with Otto of Brunswick. To defray the costs of the conflict with Brunswick, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rixa Of Werle
Rixa of Werle (died 26 November 1317) was the only daughter of Lord Henry I of Werle and his wife Rikissa Birgersdotter. Rikissa was a daughter of Birger Magnusson of Bjälbo and his first wife Ingeborg. Rixa of Werle married on 10 January 1284 with Duke Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg. They had 11 children: * Luther (died: ), joined the Teutonic Order * Bruno (died: 31 August 1303) * Adelaide (died: ), married John, Landgrave of Lower Hesse * Maud (died: 1 January 1356) * Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (born: 24 January 1292 – died: 30 August 1344) * Albert II (born: – died: 13 October 1359), bishop of Halberstadt * William (born: – died: 1318) * Henry III (born: – died: 6 February 1363), bishop of Hildesheim * Richenza (born: – died: 26 April 1317), abbess of Gandersheim Abbey * Magnus, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (born: – died: July 1369) * Ernest Ernest is a given name derived from Germanic languages, Germanic word ''ernst'', meaning " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert II, Duke Of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Albert (Latin ''Albertus''; – 22 September 1318), called the Fat (''pinguis''), was duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. The second son of Albert the Tall, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Albert was a boy when his father died in 1279. He was first under guardianship of his uncle, Conrad, Prince-Bishop of Verden, and then of his elder brother, Henry I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. In 1286 the three brothers divided their father's Principality of Wolfenbüttel; Albert received the areas around Göttingen, Minden, Northeim, Calenberg, and Hanover. He made Göttingen his residence, thus Principality of Göttingen. In 1292, the third brother, William, died childless, and Albert and Henry, who had received the Principality of Grubenhagen, quarrelled about William's share, the remaining belittled areas around Brunswick and Wolfenbüttel; Albert finally prevailed. Family Albert married Rixa, daughter of Henry I, Prince of Werle and Mecklenburg-Güstrow, and Rikissa Birgersdotter from Swe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William VII Of Jülich, 1st Duke Of Berg
William II ( – 25 June 1408) was born in Jülich, as the son of Gerhard VI of Jülich, Count of Berg and Ravensberg, and Margaret, daughter and heiress of Otto IV, Count of Ravensberg, and Margaret of Berg.Walther Möller, ''Stammtafeln westdeutscher Adelsgeschlechter im Mittelalter'' (Darmstadt, 1922, reprint Verlag Degener & Co., 1995), Vol. 1, page 14. Upon his father's death in 1360, William became Count of Berg and Ravensberg, a title that his father had gained by marrying the heiress of Berg and Ravensberg. In 1380, King Wenzel elevated him to the rank of Duke, thus becoming the first Duke of Berg. William fought the counties of Mark and Cleves to prevent them from combining but in 1397 he was taken prisoner in the battle of Kleverhamm. He lost Remagen, Kaiserwerth and Sinzig to his nephew Adolf IV, Count of Kleve-Mark and due to these losses, his sons turned against him and imprisoned him in 1403/04. He ultimately forced them to submit and later supported his broth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernest I, Duke Of Brunswick-Göttingen
Duke Ernest I of Brunswick-Göttingen ( – 24 April 1367John Morby, ''Dynasties of the World: a chronological and genealogical handbook'', Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1989, p. 132 viewed on 20 August 2006) was a member of the Guelph dynasty and was Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen from 1344 until his death. Life Ernest was a son of Duke Albert II of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Göttingen and his wife, Rixa of Werle. In the division of 1286, his father had received the Principality of Göttingen and in 1292, he inherited Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from his childless brother William I. After his father's death in 1318, Ernest's older brother Otto the Mild, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Otto the Mild took up government. After Otto died childless in 1344, Ernest and his older brother Magnus I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Magnus I divided the Duchy. Ernest received the Principality of Göttingen The Principality of Göttingen (german: Fürstentum Göttingen) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Principality Of Calenberg
The Principality of Calenberg was a dynastic division of the Welf duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg established in 1432. Calenberg was ruled by the House of Hanover from 1635 onwards; the princes received the ninth electoral dignity of the Holy Roman Empire in 1692. Their territory became the nucleus of the Electorate of Hanover, ruled in personal union with the Kingdom of Great Britain from 1714 onwards. The principality received its name from Calenberg Castle, a residence of the Brunswick dukes. Territory When Duke Eric I of Brunswick-Lüneburg chose the Principality of Calenberg as his part of the inheritance in 1495, he described it as "the land between the River Leine and the Deister". This geographical description, however, was never totally correct. In fact, the Principality extended west of the Leine from Schulenburg as far as Neustadt am Rübenberge in the north and thus much further north than the foothills of the Deister. To the south-west the territory stretched as far ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermann II, Landgrave Of Hesse
Hermann II of Hesse (1341 – 24 May 1413) was Landgrave of Hesse from 1376 to 1413. Hermann II, called "the Scholar", was born in 1345 in Burg Grebenstein (de) (Grebenstein castle), the son of Louis the Junker. Louis the Junker was a son of Otto I, Landgrave of Hesse. Hermann studied in Paris and in Prague. After the death of Otto, the son and heir apparent of Henry II, the latter appointed his nephew Hermann as co-ruler and heir in 1367. Hermann was married twice. The first marriage on 3 February 1377 was to Johanna, countess of Nassau-Weilburg 1383but produced no children. The second was on 15 October 1383 to Margaret of Hohenzollern-Nuremberg 1406 daughter of Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg. They had the following children: * Anna (1385–1386) * Henry (1387–1394) * Elisabeth (1388–1394). * Margarete (1389–1446), married to Henry I of Brunswick-Lüneburg * Agnes (1391–1471), married to Otto II of Brunswick-Göttingen * Hermann (1396–1406) * Frederick ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dransfeld
Dransfeld is a town in the district of Göttingen, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 12 km west of Göttingen. Dransfeld is also the seat of the ''Samtgemeinde'' ("collective municipality") Dransfeld. Infrastructure Traffic Bundesstraße 3 runs through Dransfeld connecting it to Göttingen and Hann. Münden and to Bundesautobahn 7, one of the most important motorways in Germany. Bundesautobahn 38 to Halle and Leipzig is also nearby. Local bus line 120 runs from Göttingen to Hann. Münden up to every 30 minutes and there are several other lines to nearby villages. The nearby train station in Göttingen is part of the Schnellfahrstrecke Hannover/Würzburg and has regular ICE stops and multiple daily connections to Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Basel , french: link=no, Bâlois(e), it, Basilese , neighboring_municipalities= Allschwil (BL), Hégenheim (FR-68), Binningen (BL), Birsfelden (BL), Bottmingen (BL), Huningue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert II Of Germany
Albert the Magnanimous KG, elected King of the Romans as Albert II (10 August 139727 October 1439) was king of the Holy Roman Empire and a member of the House of Habsburg. By inheritance he became Albert V, Duke of Austria. Through his wife (''jure uxoris'') he also became King of Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, and inherited a claim to the Duchy of Luxembourg. Biography Albert was born in Vienna as the son of Albert IV, Duke of Austria, and Joanna Sophia of Bavaria. He succeeded to the Duchy of Austria at the age of seven on his father's death in 1404. His uncle Duke William of Inner Austria, then head of the rivaling Leopoldinian line, served as regent for his nephew, followed by his brothers Leopold IV and Ernest the Iron in 1406. The quarrels between the brothers and their continued attempts to gain control over the Albertinian territories led to civil war-like conditions. Nevertheless, Albert, having received a good education, undertook the government of Austria proper on t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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