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Orthotricyclen
Birth control pills come in a variety of formulations. The main division is between combined oral contraceptive pills, containing both estrogens and synthetic progestogens (progestins), and progestogen only pills. Combined oral contraceptive pills also come in varying types, including varying doses of estrogen, and whether the dose of estrogen or progestogen changes from week to week. Mechanism of action Combination pills usually work by preventing the ovaries from releasing eggs (ovulation). They also thicken the cervical mucus, which keeps sperm from penetrating into the uterus and joining with an egg. The hormones in combination and progestogen-only pills also thin the lining of the uterus. This could prevent pregnancy by interfering with implantation of a blastocyst. Main action in typical use is prevention of ovulation. Combined oral contraceptive pills All contain an estrogen, ethinylestradiol or mestranol, in varying amounts, and one of a number of different progestogens. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill
The combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP), often referred to as the birth control pill or colloquially as "the pill", is a type of birth control that is designed to be taken orally by women. The pill contains two important hormones: progestin (a synthetic form of the hormone progestogen/progesterone) and estrogen (usually ethinylestradiol and 17β estradiol). When taken correctly, it alters the menstrual cycle to eliminate ovulation and prevent pregnancy. COCPs were first approved for contraceptive use in the United States in 1960, and are a very popular form of birth control. They are used by more than 100 million women worldwide and by about 9 million women in the United States. From 2015 to 2017, 12.6% of women aged 15–49 in the US reported using COCPs, making it the second most common method of contraception in this age range (female sterilization is the most common method). Use of COCPs, however, varies widely by country, age, education, and marital status. For exam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enovid
Mestranol/norethynodrel was the first combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) being mestranol and norethynodrel. It sold as Enovid in the United States and as Enavid in the United Kingdom. Developed by Gregory Pincus at G. D. Searle & Company, it was first approved on June 10, 1957 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of menstrual disorders. The FDA approved an additional indication for use as a contraceptive on June 23, 1960, though it only became legally prescribable nationwide and regardless of the woman's marital status after ''Eisenstadt v. Baird'' in 1972. In 1961, it was approved as a contraceptive in the UK and in Canada. Medical uses Mestranol/noretynodrel was indicated in the treatment of gynecological and menstrual disorders. Originally it was not legal to use contraception so it was marketed for menstrual relief with the side effect of inability to conceive. It has also been used to suppress lactation and to treat endometriosis in women. Availabl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organon International
Organon & Co. is an American pharmaceutical company headquartered in Jersey City, New Jersey. Organon specializes in the following core therapeutic fields: reproductive medicine, contraception, psychiatry, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and anesthesia. Organon sells to international markets. History Organon was founded by Dr. Saal van Zwanenberg in Oss, the Netherlands, in 1923 as a separate part of the meat factory Zwanenberg's fabrieken. Its first product was insulin in 1923. In the thirties it manufactured estrogens. In 1948, Organon acquired the Newhouse research site in Scotland, United Kingdom. The production of cortisone was initiated in 1953. In 1962, it bought the stock of the Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek. The company name was changed to Koninklijke Zwanenberg-Organon (KZO), and it merged with the fibre producer AKU in 1969 to become AKZO, later Akzo Nobel. Organon was the human health care business unit of Akzo Nobel. In 2004, Organon acquired active-pharmace ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desogestrel
Desogestrel is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills for women. It is also used in the treatment of menopausal symptoms in women. The medication is available and used alone or in combination with an estrogen. It is taken by mouth. Side effects of desogestrel include menstrual irregularities, headaches, nausea, breast tenderness, mood changes, acne, increased hair growth, and others. Desogestrel is a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. It has very weak androgenic and glucocorticoid activity and no other important hormonal activity. The medication is a prodrug of etonogestrel (3-ketodesogestrel) in the body. Desogestrel was discovered in 1972 and was introduced for medical use in Europe in 1981. It became available in the United States in 1992. Desogestrel is sometimes referred to as a "third-generation" progestin. Along with norethi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Levonorgestrel
Levonorgestrel is a hormonal medication which is used in a number of birth control methods. It is combined with an estrogen to make combination birth control pills. As an emergency birth control, sold under the brand name Plan B One-Step among others, it is useful within 72 hours of unprotected sex. The more time that has passed since sex, the less effective the medication becomes, and it does not work after pregnancy ( implantation) has occurred. Levonorgestrel works by preventing ovulation or fertilization from occurring. It decreases the chances of pregnancy by 57 to 93%. In an intrauterine device (IUD), such as Mirena among others, it is effective for the long-term prevention of pregnancy. A levonorgestrel-releasing implant is also available in some countries. Common side effects include nausea, breast tenderness, headaches, and increased, decreased, or irregular menstrual bleeding. When used as an emergency contraceptive, if pregnancy occurs, there is no evidence that i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warner Chilcott
Warner Chilcott (formerly Galen) was a company in the pharmaceutical industry based in Rockaway, New Jersey. It was primarily focused on women’s healthcare and dermatology. On October 1, 2013, the company was acquired by Actavis (now Allergan). History Predecessor companies Galen In 1968, Sir Allen McClay founded Galen, a sales and marketing organization focused on branded pharmaceutical products in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. In 1997, the company listed its shares on the London Stock Exchange and the Irish Stock Exchange. Warner Chilcott Warner Chilcott was the generic drug business of Warner–Lambert. In 1996, it was sold to Nale Laboratories P.L.C. In 2004, the company was acquired by several private equity firms. In 2006, it became a public company via an initial public offering. Merger of Galen and Warner Chilcott In 2000, Galen acquired Warner Chilcott and listed its American depositary receipts on NASDAQ. In 2004, the company changed its name fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iron(II) Fumarate
Iron(II) fumarate, also known as ferrous fumarate, is the iron(II) salt of fumaric acid, occurring as a reddish-orange powder, used to supplement iron intake. It has the chemical formula . Pure ferrous fumarate has an iron content of 32.87%, therefore one tablet of 300 mg iron fumarate will contain 98.6 mg of iron (548% Daily Value based on 18 mg RDI). Iron supplement Ferrous fumarate is often taken orally as an iron supplement to treat or prevent iron deficiency anaemia Iron-deficiency anemia is anemia caused by a lack of iron. Anemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. When onset is slow, symptoms are often vague such as feeling tired, weak, shor .... See also * Iron - Nutrition References Iron(II) compounds Dietary minerals Coordination complexes Fumarates Antianemic preparations {{Organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barr Laboratories
Barr Pharmaceuticals was a global specialty and generic drug manufacturer with operations in 30 countries. Approximately 75% of the company's revenues were from the sale of generic drugs, including 18% of sales which were from the sale of oral contraceptive pills. It was acquired by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries in 2008 for an estimated 7.46 billion dollars. History Barr Laboratories Inc. was founded in New York in 1970 by Edwin A. Cohen. Starting in 1991 Barr Laboratories was involved in a scandal stemming from their violation of GMP regulations concerning handling of out-of-specification (OOS) test results. In 1993 Barr Labs lost a lawsuit stemming from these findings, resulting in new industry interpretations of FDA regulations regarding out of specification test results. In 1993, Bruce L. Downey joined the company as its president and in 1994, he became chairman and chief executive officer of the company. In 1993, the company settled a patent infringement case and began ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Actavis
Actavis Generics (formerly known as Watson Pharmaceuticals and Actavis plc, prior to the acquisition of Irish-based Allergan, Inc., Allergan Inc) is a global pharmaceutical company focused on acquiring, developing, manufacturing and marketing branded pharmaceuticals, generic drug, generic and over-the-counter medicines, and biologic medical product, biologic products. Actavis has a commercial presence across approximately 100 countries. The company has global headquarters in Dublin, Ireland and administrative headquarters in Parsippany-Troy Hills, New Jersey, United States. Actavis PLC markets brand products through six franchises in key therapeutic categories including: Aesthetics/Dermatology/Plastic Surgery; Neurosciences/CNS; Eye Care; Women's Health and Urology; GI and Cystic Fibrosis; and Cardiovascular Disease and Infectious Disease. The company's products include Botox, Memantine, Namenda, Ciclosporin, Restasis, Linaclotide, Linzess, Nebivolol, Bystolic, Juvederm, Bimatopros ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barr Pharmaceuticals
Barr Pharmaceuticals was a global specialty and generic drug manufacturer with operations in 30 countries. Approximately 75% of the company's revenues were from the sale of generic drugs, including 18% of sales which were from the sale of oral contraceptive pills. It was acquired by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries in 2008 for an estimated 7.46 billion dollars. History Barr Laboratories Inc. was founded in New York in 1970 by Edwin A. Cohen. Starting in 1991 Barr Laboratories was involved in a scandal stemming from their violation of GMP regulations concerning handling of out-of-specification (OOS) test results. In 1993 Barr Labs lost a lawsuit stemming from these findings, resulting in new industry interpretations of FDA regulations regarding out of specification test results. In 1993, Bruce L. Downey joined the company as its president and in 1994, he became chairman and chief executive officer of the company. In 1993, the company settled a patent infringement case and began ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norethisterone Acetate
Norethisterone acetate (NETA), also known as norethindrone acetate and sold under the brand name Primolut-Nor among others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills, menopausal hormone therapy, and for the treatment of gynecological disorders. The medication available in low-dose and high-dose formulations and is used alone or in combination with an estrogen. It is ingested orally. Side effects of NETA include menstrual irregularities, headaches, nausea, breast tenderness, mood changes, acne, increased hair growth, and others.https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/018405s023lbl.pdf NETA is a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. It has weak androgenic and estrogenic activity and no other important hormonal activity. The medication is a prodrug of norethisterone in the body. NETA was patented in 1957 and was introduced for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gestodene
Gestodene, sold under the brand names Femodene and Minulet among others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills for women. It is also used in menopausal hormone therapy. The medication is available almost exclusively in combination with an estrogen. It is taken by mouth. Side effects of the combination of an estrogen and gestodene include menstrual irregularities, headaches, nausea, breast tenderness, mood changes, and others. Gestodene is a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. It has weak androgenic activity, weak antimineralocorticoid activity, and weak glucocorticoid activity. Gestodene was discovered in 1975 and was introduced for medical use, specifically in birth control pills, in 1987. It was subsequently introduced for use in menopausal hormone therapy as well. Gestodene is sometimes referred to as a "third-generation" progestin. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
