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Ornate Fruit Dove
The ornate fruit dove (''Ptilinopus ornatus'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in New Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest. Taxonomy and systematics The ornate fruit dove was originally described as ''Ptilopus ornatus'' (an incorrect spelling of '' Ptilinopus'') by Hermann Schlegel in 1871 on the basis of specimens from New Guinea. The species' generic name comes from the Ancient Greek ''ptilon'' (feather) and ''pous'' (foot), while the specific name ''ornatus'' is from the Latin word ''ornatus'', meaning ornate or decorated. Ornate fruit dove is the official common name designated by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOU). The ornate fruit dove is one of over 50 species of pigeon in the fruit dove genus ''Ptilinopus'', which is found throughout Southeast Asia and Oceania. A 2014 study of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA by Alice Cibois and col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermann Schlegel
Hermann Schlegel (10 June 1804 – 17 January 1884) was a German ornithologist, herpetologist and ichthyologist. Early life and education Schlegel was born at Altenburg, the son of a brassfounder. His father collected butterflies, which stimulated Schlegel's interest in natural history. The discovery, by chance, of a buzzard's nest led him to the study of birds, and a meeting with Christian Ludwig Brehm. Schlegel started to work for his father, but soon tired of it. He travelled to Vienna in 1824, where, at the university, he attended the lectures of Leopold Fitzinger and Johann Jacob Heckel. A letter of introduction from Brehm to gained him a position at the Naturhistorisches Museum. Ornithological career One year after his arrival, the director of this natural history museum, Carl Franz Anton Ritter von Schreibers, recommended him to Coenraad Jacob Temminck, director of the natural history museum of Leiden, who was seeking an assistant. At first Schlegel worked mainly o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oceania
Oceania (, , ) is a region, geographical region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern Hemisphere, Eastern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of and a population of around 44.5 million as of 2021. When compared with (and sometimes described as being one of) the continents, the region of Oceania is the smallest in land area and the list of continents and continental subregions by population, second least populated after Antarctica. Its major population centres are Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Auckland, Adelaide, Honolulu, and Christchurch. Oceania has a diverse mix of economies from the developed country, highly developed and globally competitive market economy, financial markets of Australia, French Polynesia, Hawaii, Hawaii, New Caledonia, and New Zealand, which rank high in quality of life and Human Development Index, to the much least developed countries, less developed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tanna Fruit Dove
The Tanna fruit dove (''Ptilinopus tannensis'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to Vanuatu. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpine climate in these regions strongly affects the ecosystem because temperatures fall as elevation increases, causing the ecosystem to stratify. This stratification is a crucial f ..., and heavily degraded former forest. References Birds of Vanuatu Ptilinopus Birds described in 1790 Endemic fauna of Vanuatu Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Columbiformes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basal (phylogenetics)
In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the ''base'' (or root) of a phylogenetic tree#Rooted tree, rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram. The term may be more strictly applied only to nodes adjacent to the root, or more loosely applied to nodes regarded as being close to the root. Note that extant taxa that lie on branches connecting directly to the root are not more closely related to the root than any other extant taxa. While there must always be two or more equally "basal" clades sprouting from the root of every cladogram, those clades may differ widely in taxonomic rank, Phylogenetic diversity, species diversity, or both. If ''C'' is a basal clade within ''D'' that has the lowest rank of all basal clades within ''D'', ''C'' may be described as ''the'' basal taxon of that rank within ''D''. The concept of a 'key innovation' implies some degree of correlation between evolutionary innovation and cladogenesis, diversification. However, such a correlation does not make a given ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claret-breasted Fruit Dove
The claret-breasted fruit dove (''Ptilinopus viridis'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in the Moluccas, New Guinea and the Solomon Islands archipelago. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. Taxonomy In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the claret-breasted fruit dove in his six volume ''Ornithologie'' based on a specimen collected on Ambon Island, one of the Maluku Islands of Indonesia. He used the French name ''La tourterelle verte d'Amboine'' and the Latin ''Turtur viridis amboinensis''. The two stars (**) at the start of the section indicates that Brisson based his description on the examination of a specimen. Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his ''Systema Naturae'' for the twelfth edition, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White-headed Fruit Dove
The white-headed fruit dove (''Ptilinopus eugeniae'') is a species of bird in the pigeon family Columbidae. It was described by the English ornithologist John Gould in 1856, and the specific name ''eugeniae'' honours the French empress Eugénie de Montijo. Adults of the species have white heads, a purplish-red breast patch, a grey shoulder patch, olive-green , greenish with a blue tinge, and a yellowish . Juveniles have green heads with the white restricted to the forehead and upper throat, a much smaller grey shoulder patch, and the red breast patch restricted to the centre of the breast. The species is endemic to Makira and the nearby islands of Ugi and Malaupaina in the Solomon Islands. It inhabits lowland, hill, and ridge forest, along with neighbouring agricultural areas, and is especially common in foothills. Its diet consists of small-seeded fruits and berries. The International Union for Conservation of Nature considers it near-threatened. Although it can adapt to d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orange-bellied Fruit Dove
The orange-bellied fruit dove (''Ptilinopus iozonus'') is a small (21 cm in length) pigeon with mainly green plumage, distinguished by a large orange patch on the lower breast and belly, a small lilac shoulder patch, pale yellow undertail coverts, and a grey terminal band on the tail. Taxonomy and systematics Subspecies * P. i. humeralis – Wallace, 1862: * P. i. jobiensis – Schlegel, 1873: * P. i. pseudohumeralis – Rand, 1938: * P. i. finschi – Mayr, 1931: * P. i. iozonus – Gray, 1858: Distribution and habitat The dove is found in New Guinea, the Aru Islands and western Papuan islands where it inhabits lowland rainforest, secondary forest and mangroves. It has been recorded from Boigu Island, Queensland, Australian territory in northern Torres Strait. Behaviour Feeding The dove eats the fruit from forest trees, mainly figs The fig is the edible fruit of ''Ficus carica'', a species of small tree in the flowering plant family Moraceae. Native to the Me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term ''cladus'' (plural ''cladi'') is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grey-headed Fruit Dove
The grey-headed fruit dove (''Ptilinopus hyogastrus'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the northern Moluccas. Habitat Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest A forest is an area of land dominated by trees. Hundreds of definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing, and ecological function. The United Nations' ...s. Description It is mostly green except for a grey head, red eyes and black yellow-tipped beak. References grey-headed fruit dove Birds of the Maluku Islands grey-headed fruit dove Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Columbiformes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pink-spotted Fruit Dove
The pink-spotted fruit dove (''Ptilinopus perlatus'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in forest and woodland in lowland and foothills of New Guinea and nearby smaller islands. It is widespread and generally common. Taxonomy and systematics The pink-spotted fruit dove is one of over 50 species in the genus ''Ptilinopus''. Alternative names for the pink-spotted fruit dove include pink-spotted fruit pigeon. Subspecies Three subspecies of the pink-spotted fruit dove are recognised. * ''P. p. perlatus'' – Temminck, 1835: the nominate subspecies * ''P. p. zonurus'' – Salvadori, 1876: * ''P. p. plumbeicollis'' – Meyer, A.B.,1890: Description As most other fruit doves, it is largely green. The chest is duller and browner, the throat and nape are grey-white, and, uniquely for a fruit dove, the wings are spotted pink. The face and crown are usually olive-green, but this is replaced by pale grey in the north-eastern subspecies In biological ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wallace's Fruit Dove
Wallace's fruit dove (''Ptilinopus wallacii'') is a species of bird in the pigeon family Columbidae. The name commemorates the British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace. It is a rather large, long-tailed fruit dove with a length of and has been described as "one of the most beautiful" fruit doves. The forehead and are dull crimson, the lower face and throat are white, and the rest of the head, breast, neck, and upper back are pale bluish-grey. The wings and lower back are green and the belly is orange, separated from the chest by a white band. Both sexes look similar, but females have less extensive red on the head and a greenish tinge to their grey parts. Endemic to Indonesia, Wallace's fruit dove is found in lowland riverine and coastal forests in the Lesser Sunda Islands, the Moluccas, the Aru Islands, and occasionally in southwestern New Guinea. Its diet consists of small fruits and berries. Nests are made out of twigs in branches and the only observed nest was made in Novemb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Group
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxonomic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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