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Ormr Ásláksson
Ormr Ásláksson was Bishop of Hólar, Iceland's northern diocese, from 1343-56. Biography Ormr was a Norwegian, who prior to his election had been a canon of the cathedral of Stavanger from at least 1319, in which role he oversaw the collection of the papal tithe under the papal ''nuncio'' Pierre Gervais in c. 1333. Ormr succeeded Egill Eyjólfsson (Bishop of Hólar 1332–41) (with Einarr Hafliðason managing the empty seat in between). Ormr is noted for the tempestuous character of his episcopate, which has sometimes been thought to show Icelanders' opposition to Norwegian bishops. During his episcopate, he made an unusual four journeys to Norway, in 1345-46, 1347, 1349–51, and 1355-56. In 1347, Icelandic farmers protested about his governance to the Norwegian king, Haakon VI Magnusson via the Alþingi. However, most of the evidence for opposition to Ormr comes from one source, Einarr Hafliðason, so may not be representative. Ormr promoted the cult of Guðmundr Arason, arra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stavanger
Stavanger, officially the Stavanger Municipality, is a city and municipalities of Norway, municipality in Norway. It is the third largest city and third largest metropolitan area in Norway (through conurbation with neighboring Sandnes) and the administrative center of Rogaland county. The municipality is the fourth most populous in Norway. Located on the Stavanger Peninsula in southwest Norway, Stavanger counts its official founding year as 1125, the year the Stavanger Cathedral was completed. Stavanger's core is to a large degree 18th- and 19th-century wooden houses that are protected and considered part of the city's cultural heritage. This has caused the town center and inner city to retain a small-town character with an unusually high ratio of detached houses, and has contributed significantly to spreading the city's population growth to outlying parts of Greater Stavanger. The city's population rapidly grew in the late 20th century due to its oil industry. Stavanger is know ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egill Eyjólfsson
Egill Eyjólfsson (1295–1341) was the bishop of Iceland's northern diocese of Hólar from the death of his predecessor, Lárentíus Kálfsson, in 1331, until his own death in 1341. Biography Egill's father was Eyjólfur, a gold-smith, and his mother Þorgerður Egilsdóttir. Egill studied at the monastery of Þingeyri, being taught alongside Einarr Hafliðason by Lárentíus Kálfsson. Egill first became a deacon, was then consecrated as a priest in 1318, and around the same time became the schoolmaster at Hólar. At that time, the bishop of Hólar was Auðunn rauði Þorbergsson, whose relationship with the monks of Þingeyri (not least Lárentíus) was very strained. According to '' Laurentius Saga'', it was through Egill's efforts that in the autumn of 1319, Auðun and Lárentíus made peace. Egill subsequently held the benefice of Grímstungur in Vatnsdalur, and in 1324 received the benefice of Grenjaðarstaðir in Aðaldalur (the wealthiest in the diocese of Hólar) from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Einarr Hafliðason
Einar Hafliðason (medieval Icelandic Einarr Hafliðason, 15 September 1307 – 22 September 1393) was an Icelandic priest and author. Biography Einar became a priest in 1334 with the benefice of Höskuldsstaðir á Skagaströnd and in 1343 the Archbishop of Nidaros granted him Breiðabólstaður í Vesturhópi, one of the best farms in the region, in what is now Vestur-Húnavatnssýsla, in Northern Iceland. Einarr held this benefice until his death. Einarr was one of the leading clerics in the diocese of Hólar, taking various official roles. He is best known, however, for his writing: he began the annal ''Lögmannsannáll'', a chronicle which Einarr continued up to 1361, when it was taken over by someone else. He almost certainly composed '' Lárentius saga'', a biography of Einarr's friend and teacher Lárentíus Kálfsson, sometime after 1346; and wrote or otherwise appeared in a number of official documents. Einar was thus a prominent member of the North Icelandic Benedictine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haakon VI Magnusson
Haakon VI (; ; August 1340 – 11 September 1380) was King of Norway from 1343 until his death and King of Sweden between 1362 and 1364. He is sometimes known as ''Haakon Magnusson the Younger'' to distinguish him from his great-grandfather, Haakon V (). Haakon was the younger son of Magnus Eriksson, king of both Norway and Sweden. His older brother Eric was meant to succeed their father on the throne of Sweden, while Haakon was made king of Norway in his father's lifetime. Magnus greatly favored Haakon over Eric, leading to the latter's rebellion and seizure of Southern Sweden. Eric died in 1359, and Haakon became co-ruler of Sweden with his father three years later. The two reigned over Sweden together until 1364, when they were deposed in favor of Magnus' sororal nephew, Albert of Mecklenburg, by a clique of exiled Swedish noblemen led by Bo Jonsson Grip. Magnus and Haakon tried to retake the Swedish throne, but without success. In 1363, Haakon married Margaret, daughter o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alþingi
The (; ), anglicised as Althingi or Althing, is the supreme national parliament of Iceland. It is the oldest surviving parliament in the world. The Althing was founded in 930 at (' thing fields' or 'assembly fields'), about east of what later became the country's capital, Reykjavík. After Iceland's union with Norway in 1262, the Althing lost its legislative power, which was not restored until 1904 when Iceland gained home rule from Denmark. For 641 years, the Althing did not serve as the parliament of Iceland; ultimate power rested with the Norwegian, and subsequently the Danish throne. Even after Iceland's union with Norway in 1262, the Althing still held its sessions at until 1800, when it was discontinued. It was restored in 1844 by royal decree and moved to Reykjavík. The restored unicameral legislature first came together in 1845 and after 1874 operated in two chambers with an additional third chamber taking on a greater role as the decades passed until 1991 when A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guðmundur Arason
Guðmundur Arason (; 1161 – March 16, 1237; ) was an influential 12th and 13th century Icelandic saintly bishop who took part in increasing the powers of the Catholic Church in medieval Iceland. His story is recorded in several manuscripts, most notably '' Prestssaga Guðmundar góða''. He is often referred to as ''Guðmundur góði'' (, ; Guðmundr or Gudmund the Good). Life Guðmundur was born an illegitimate child in 1161, in Grjótá in Hörgárdalur, Iceland. He was ordained as priest in 1185 at the age of 24. A decade later, he had become one of the most influential clergymen in the Icelandic commonwealth, culminating in his election as bishop of Hólar (the northern one of the two Icelandic bishop seats) in 1203. He served for some time as house priest to Kolbeinn Tumason, an Icelandic chieftain. In his years as a simple priest, he did not exhibit any interest in strengthening the Church as an institution, and did not seek wealth or other worldly goods. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arngrímr Brandsson
Arngrímr Brandsson (died 13 October 1361) was an Icelandic cleric and writer. Arngrímr‘s early life and career has long been the subject of debate; the evidence for it is sometimes contradictory. The synthesis of the evidence by Jón Helgason is widely seen as the most convincing.Jón Helgason, 'Introduction', in Jón Helgason ed., ''Biskupa sǫgur: MS Perg. fol. No. 5 in the Royal Library of Stockholm'' (Copenhagen: Einar Munksgaard, 1950), pp. 15-21 (pp. 16-18), cited by Erika Ruth Sigurdson, 'The Church in Fourteenth-Century Iceland: Ecclesiastical Administration, Literacy, and the Formation of an Elite Clerical Identity' (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Leeds, 2011), p. 58, http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2610 In this account, Arngrímr was consecrated as a secular priest, held the benefice of Oddi, and served Bishop Jón Halldórsson of Skálholt. In 1341, he took holy orders, possibly in Þykkvibær. He certainly became abbot of the monastery of Þingeyraklaustur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guðmundar Saga Biskups
''Guðmundar saga biskups'' or ''Guðmundar saga Arasonar'' is an Icelandic bishops' saga, existing in several different versions, recounting the life of Bishop Guðmundur Arason (1161–1237). Since the saga survives in different versions, it is common to speak of it in the plural, as ''Guðmundar sögur'' (rather than ''Guðmundar saga''). History of the versions The first version, known as the ''Prestssaga Guðmundar byskups'', was composed soon after Guðmundur's death in 1237, possibly at the instigation of abbot Lambkárr Þorgilsson (d. 1249). It recounts the bishop's life as a young man and priest but stops abruptly during a description of Guðmundr's voyage to Norway for consecration in 1202. It may therefore be unfinished. However, it is preserved only through its integration into the later ''Guðmundar sögur'' and ''Sturlunga saga''. A series of four sagas about Bishop Guðmundr, known as ''Guðmundar sögur'' A, B, C, and D, were then written between 1314 and 1344, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jón Skalli Eiríksson
Jón is an Old Norse common name still widely used in Iceland and the Faroes. According to Icelandic custom, people named Jón are generally referred to by first and middle names and those without a middle name are referred to with both first name and patronym disambiguation is required. ''Jón'' is derived from the name Johannes (English John) with the original meaning being ''God (Yahweh) is gracious''. The name is one of the most frequently given names in Iceland. In 2002, it was ranked first before Sigurður and Guðmundur. People with the name ''Jón'' Kings * Jón I of Sweden Others * Jón Hnefill Aðalsteinsson (1927–2010), Icelandic scholar and folklorist * Jón Jónsson Aðils (1869–1920), Icelandic historian * Jón Arason (c. 1484–1550), Icelandic bishop * Jón Árnason, multiple people * Jón Baldursson (1954–2023), Icelandic bridge player * Jón Atli Benediktsson (born 1960), Icelandic academic * Jón Þór Birgisson (born 1975), Icelandic musician ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic Church In Iceland
The Catholic Church in Iceland () is part of the Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope. The island is served by a single diocese, the Diocese of Reykjavík, having a total of seven parishes. , the ordinary is bishop Dávid Bartimej Tencer. The diocese is directly subject to the Holy See. Statistics , there are 14,723 Catholics in Iceland, with 6 diocesan priests, 9 religious order priests, and 38 sisters in religious orders. Catholics represent 3.91% of the Icelandic population and are growing in number rapidly, due in large part to Polish immigration to Iceland. The Diocese of Reykjavík covers the whole of Iceland. The diocese has a cathedral, Christ the King Cathedral (''Dómkirkja Krists Konungs'') in Reykjavík, and a number of smaller churches and chapels in the larger towns around the country. History Pre-Reformation Some of the earliest inhabitants of Iceland were Irish monks, known as ''Papar''. However, the small population was overwhelmed i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
14th-century Roman Catholic Bishops In Iceland
The 14th century lasted from 1 January 1301 (represented by the Roman numerals MCCCI) to 31 December 1400 (MCD). It is estimated that the century witnessed the death of more than 45 million lives from political and natural disasters in both Europe and the Mongol Empire. West Africa experienced economic growth and prosperity. In Europe, the Black Death claimed 25 million lives wiping out one third of the European population while the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France fought in the protracted Hundred Years' War after the death of King Charles IV of France led to a claim to the French throne by King Edward III of England. This period is considered the height of chivalry and marks the beginning of strong separate identities for both England and France as well as the foundation of the Italian Renaissance and the Ottoman Empire. In Asia, Tamerlane (Timur), established the Timurid Empire, history's third largest empire to have been ever established by a single conqueror. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1356 Deaths
Year 1356 ( MCCCLVI) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 20 – Edward Balliol surrenders his title as King of Scotland, to Edward III of England. * ca. February – Burnt Candlemas: Edward III of England burns down every town and village in Lothian, Scotland. *June 17 – The city of Lwów is granted Magdeburg rights by Casimir III of Poland. The advantages of the rights are not only economic, but also political. * September 19 – Hundred Years' War – Battle of Poitiers: The English, commanded by Edward, the Black Prince, defeat the French. The greatly outnumbered English forces not only rout the French, but capture the French king John II of France and his youngest son, the future Philip II of Burgundy. * October 17 – Erik XII proclaims himself king of Sweden, in opposition to his father, King Magnus IV. Thus begins a civil war in Sweden between father and son, which will last ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
