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Order Of Independence And Freedom
Order of Independence and Freedom () was a military award from the People's Republic of China. It was created in 1955, to give recognition to men who distinguished themselves "conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity" in combat with an enemy of China in the Second Sino-Japanese War. There are three grades: First Class, Second Class, and Third Class. Pattern Service Ribbon File:Order of Independence and Freedom 1st Class.svg, 1st Class File:Order of Independence and Freedom 2nd Class.svg, 2nd Class File:Order of Independence and Freedom 3rd Class.svg, 3rd Class Notable recipients *Ten Marshals: Zhu De, Peng Dehuai, Lin Biao, Liu Bocheng, He Long, Chen Yi, Luo Ronghuan, Xu Xiangqian, Nie Rongzhen, Ye Jianying. *Ten Senior Generals: Su Yu, Xu Haidong, Huang Kecheng, Chen Geng, Tan Zheng, Xiao Jinguang, Zhang Yunyi, Luo Ruiqing, Wang Shusheng, Xu Guangda. *General officer: Song Renqiong, Xiao Ke, Xu Shiyou, Li Kenong, Huang Yongsheng, etc. *Lieutenant general: Ding Q ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standing Committee Of The National People's Congress
The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China (NPCSC) is the permanent body of the National People's Congress (NPC) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), which is the highest organ of state power and the legislature of China. Although the parent NPC has superiority over the Standing Committee, and certain authorities are not delegated, the Standing Committee is generally viewed to have more power, albeit inferior to its parent, as the NPC convenes only once a year for two weeks, leaving its Standing Committee the only body that regularly drafts and approves decisions and laws. History In 1954, the 1st National People's Congress was held in Beijing, which became the statutory parliament of the People's Republic of China. The Standing Committee was established as its permanent body. The 1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China stipulates that "the National People's Congress is the sole organ that exercises the legi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huang Kecheng
Huang Kecheng () (October 1, 1902 – December 28, 1986) was a senior general (大将) in the People's Liberation Army The People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the principal military force of the People's Republic of China and the armed wing of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The PLA consists of five service branches: the Ground Force, Navy, Air Force, .... Biography Huang Kecheng was born in Yongxing County, Yongxing, Hunan Province, and he was the third of four children. His father was Huang Qingzhu (黄清主), and his mother was Deng Longtao (邓龙桃). His family owned six mu (unit of area), mu of land. Since he was not the eldest son, his parents did not consider it a great priority to provide a good education for him. He worked as a farm labourer on his family land, and completed high school when he turned 20, in 1920, from the Hunan 3rd Normal School. Huang eventually joined Chiang Kai-shek's National Revolutionary Army, and he joined the Communi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huang Yongsheng
Huang Yongsheng (; 1910–1983) was a general of the China's People's Liberation Army. In 1955 Huang was awarded the position of ''Shang Jiang'' (colonel-general), and Huang continued to rise throughout the 1950s and 1960s, eventually becoming Lin Biao's Chief-of-staff during the Cultural Revolution. Because of Huang's close associations with Lin Biao, Huang was purged following Lin's death in 1971. Biography Early years Huang Yongsheng was born in Xianning prefecture (now, prefecture-level city) of Hubei province. Huang Yongsheng participated in the Autumn Harvest Uprising of 1927, and in December of the same year joined the Chinese Communist Party. In 1932, he was appointed the commander of the 31st Division of the 11th Red Army, and later to the 16th Division of the 22nd Red Army. During the war against Japan, he was appointed a regimental commander in the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army. In 1948, Huang was appointed the commander of the 6th Column of the Fourth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Li Kenong
Li Kenong (; 1899–1962) was a Chinese general and politician, one of the creators of the security and intelligence apparatus of both the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the People's Liberation Army. Notably, he served as Director of the Central Investigation Department, Deputy Chief of the PLA General Staff Department and Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs''China, People's Republic of'', in Richard Bennett ''Espionage: Spies and Secrets'', 2012 and was awarded the rank of General in 1955. Early life Born in Chaohu, Anhui in 1899 during the Qing dynasty, Li was also known as Li Zetian and Li Leizhong. He became the deputy editor of the ''Anqing Guomin Shibao'' (National People's Daily) in 1926, entering the CCP in 1927. In this same period Li became a local propaganda leader for the Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) in the same locality, and performed local coordination for the Northern Expedition. After the CCP's break with the KMT in April 1927, Li travelled to Shangha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xu Shiyou
Xu Shiyou (; 1906–1985) was a general in the Chinese People's Liberation Army. Early career Born in Xinxian, Henan Province (it belonged to Hubei previously), Xu grew up studying martial arts at the Shaolin Temple for eight years and he later became a soldier in Wu Peifu's warlord army. After having served as a lieutenant in the Kuomintang army, he joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1927. Xu first emerged in the annals of Chinese military history in Hubei in 1927, as part of a nascent military unit that included future generals Qin Jiwei and Chen Zaidao. In 1932, he commanded the 34th Regiment, 12th Division of the Fourth Front Army led by future Marshall Xu Xiangqian. His deputy in the 25th Division, 9th Corps (which Xu later led) in 1933-36, Chen Xilian, later rose to serve on the Politburo Standing Committee during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. By the age of 29, Xu Shiyou commanded the Red 9th Corps of the Fourth Front Army. Eight months after the First Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiao Ke
Xiao Ke (; July 14, 1907 – October 24, 2008) was a general of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, former vice chairman of the CPPCC, as well as principal of the University of Military and Politics. Biography Early life Xiao was born in Jiahe County, Hunan Province of China. He joined the National Revolutionary Army and participated the Northern Expedition in 1926. He joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1927 and fought in Nanchang Uprising. He went to Jinggangshan and was recruited to the Red Fourth Army. War time Between 1930–1933, he was appointed as first to command of the Red Army's Fifth Division, then its Eighth Army, and later Sixth Army Group, fighting in many battles resisting the Nationalist's Encirclement Campaigns. In August 1934, he led the Sixth Army Group out west of the Jiangxi Soviet as pathfinders for what was to become the Long March. Among his unit was future major general Li Zhen. The Sixth Corps subsequently joined forces under He Long to become t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Song Renqiong
Song Renqiong (; 11 July 1909 – 8 January 2005), born Song Yunqin (), was a general in the People's Liberation Army of the People's Republic of China, People's Republic of China (PRC) and one of the Eight Elders, Eight Elders of the Chinese Communist Party. Biography Song Renqiong was born in Liuyang, Hunan Province in 1909. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, he was the vice director of the political department of the 129th Division. Toward the end of the Chinese Civil War, he was the vice political commissar of the Northeastern Field Army. After the establishment of the PRC in 1949, he was the secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Chinese Communist Party (CCP)'s committee in Yunnan, Yunnan Province, Vice Secretary of the Southwestern Bureau of the CCP, Vice Secretary-general of the CCP Central Committee, minister of No. 2, No. 3 and No. 7 Mechanical Industry Department, and No. 1 Secretary of the Northeastern Bureau of CCP. He was the Vice Chairman of the 4th and 5th N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Officer
A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry. In some usages the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". OED Online. March 2021. Oxford University Press. https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/77489?rskey=dCKrg4&result=1 (accessed May 11, 2021) The term ''general'' is used in two ways: as the generic title for all grades of general officer and as a specific rank. It originates in the 16th century, as a shortening of ''captain general'', which rank was taken from Middle French ''capitaine général''. The adjective ''general'' had been affixed to officer designations since the late medieval period to indicate relative superiority or an extended jurisdiction. Today, the title of ''general'' is known in some countries as a four-star rank. However, different countries use different systems of stars or other insignia for senior ranks. It has a NATO rank sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xu Guangda
Xu Guangda () (November 19, 1908 – June 3, 1969) was a People's Liberation Army general who was conferred the '' Da Jiang'' (Grand General) rank in 1955. His former name was Xu Dehua. Xu Guangda joined the Communist Youth League of China in 1925 and the Communist Party of China later the same year. At the age of 18, Xu went to Whampoa Military Academy. A year later, he was appointed the platoon leader on probation in the 4th Army of National Revolutionary Army. He took part in the Nanchang Uprising the same year, designated as the platoon leader and the substituted company commander. During the period of Agrarian Revolutionary War, Xu had held successively the post of: Staff of the 6 Army in the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, Political Commissar and Commander of the 17 Divisional Army, Regimental Commander of the 22nd Regiment of the Eighth Divisional Army of 3 Red Army, Commander of the 8 Divisional Army, Regimental Commander of the 25th Regiment of 3 Red Army. Ear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wang Shusheng
Wang Shusheng (May 26, 1905 – January 7, 1974), was a Chinese general, strategist, revolutionary and one of the pioneers of Chinese ordnance and military sciences construction. In 1955 Wang became one of the ten Da Jiang (Generals of the Army) of the People's Liberation Army. He was born into a landlord family but became a major leader of the peasant movement. He experienced many significant battles during the China's turbulent years such as the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War. Wang joined the Communist Party of China in 1926 and led peasant movements in districts and counties. Before that, he was a primary school headmaster. Then Wang started his military career during the Huangma Uprising, establishing the Northeast Hubei Base. Next, Wang took part in the Long March. After the foundation of new China, he took charge of the Vice Commander of Hubei Military District. In 1955 Wang was promoted to four-star general. Wang started his career as a primary sch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luo Ruiqing
Luo Ruiqing (; May 31, 1906 – August 3, 1978), formerly romanized as Lo Jui-ch'ing, was a Chinese army officer and politician, general of the People's Liberation Army. He created the People's Republic of China's security and police apparatus after the Communist victory in the civil war in his capacity as the first Minister of Public Security from 1949 to 1959, and then served as Chief of Joint Staff from 1959 to 1965, achieving military victory in the Sino-Indian War. Despite being a close associate and supporter of Mao Zedong for decades, Luo was targeted, purged and severely beaten during the Cultural Revolution, which he opposed from the very beginning. Biography Luo Ruiqing was born in Nanchong, Sichuan in 1906, and joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1928, at the age of 22. He was the eldest son of a wealthy landlord named Luo Chunting (罗春庭), who had a total of six children. However, Luo Chunting was an opium addict and lost all of his wealth due to his add ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhang Yunyi
Zhang Yunyi (; August 10, 1892 – November 19, 1974), was a Communist revolutionary and military strategist of the People’s Republic of China. Born in Wenchang, Hainan, he joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1926, and took part in the Northern Expedition, the Nanchang Uprising, the Baise Uprising, the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War. Zhang held the posts of the army commander of the 7th Red Army, the assistant staff officer of the Military Commission of the Central Committee of the CCP, the commander of a military area, etc., and was named one of the ten Senior Generals ('' Da Jiang,'' the second highest rank in the PLA) in 1955. The Zhang Yunyi Memorial Hall is located in Wenchang, Hainan Province. Life Early life Zhang was born in a poor peasant family on August 10, 1892, in Wenchang, Guangdong (now is part of Hainan). At age eight he began studying at the Guangdong Army Primary School. Zhang`s former name was Zhang Yunyi (). Zhang Shengzhi was his alte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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