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Option Quebec
''An Option for Quebec'' (French: ''Option Québec'') is an essay by former Premier of Quebec René Lévesque published in 1968. The essay presents the constitutional proposal of a group of progressive liberals who, after leaving the Liberal Party of Quebec, formed the Sovereignty-Association Movement. Context On September 18, 1967, René Lévesque proposed to the members of the Laurier riding's Liberal Association, the adoption of a resolution he wished to present to the Congress of the Quebec Liberal Federation planned for October 1967. The text he wrote and which was the basis of his speech that day was entitled ''Un pays qu'il faut faire'' ("A Country That Must be Made"). That text was to form the first part of ''An Option for Quebec'', published in its French edition a few months later, on January 6, 1968. On October 14, 1967, René Lévesque left the Congress of the Quebec Liberal Federation and announced in a press conference held at Clarendon Hotel that he had quit th ...
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Essay
An essay is, generally, a piece of writing that gives the author's own argument, but the definition is vague, overlapping with those of a letter, a paper, an article, a pamphlet, and a short story. Essays have been sub-classified as formal and informal: formal essays are characterized by "serious purpose, dignity, logical organization, length," whereas the informal essay is characterized by "the personal element (self-revelation, individual tastes and experiences, confidential manner), humor, graceful style, rambling structure, unconventionality or novelty of theme," etc. Essays are commonly used as literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author. Almost all modern essays are written in prose, but works in verse have been dubbed essays (e.g., Alexander Pope's ''An Essay on Criticism'' and '' An Essay on Man''). While brevity usually defines an essay, voluminous works like John Locke's ''An ...
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Gérard Bélanger
Gérard Bélanger (born 1940) is a Canadian economics professor. He holds a Bachelor of Arts from the Université de Montréal, a Bachelor of Science and a master's degree in Social sciences from the Université Laval, as well as a master's degree from Princeton University. He is a member of the Royal Society of Canada. Career Bélanger is a full professor of economics at the Université Laval since 1977. He was an associate professor from 1971 to 1977 and an assistant professor from 1967 to 1971. In addition to his teaching career, Bélanger held several academic and research positions, such as vice-president of the Société canadienne de science économique (1992–1994), the research coordinator at the C.D. Howe Research Institute (1977–1979), member of the executive committee of the Institute of Public Administration of Canada] (1977–1978), member of the Working Group on Urbanization of the Quebec Government (1974–1976), member of the financing committee of the Conseil ...
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Status Quo
is a Latin phrase meaning the existing state of affairs, particularly with regard to social, political, religious or military issues. In the sociological sense, the ''status quo'' refers to the current state of social structure and/or values. With regard to policy debate, it means how conditions are, contrasted with a possible change. For example: "The countries are now trying to maintain the ''status quo'' with regard to their nuclear arsenals." To maintain the ''status quo'' is to keep things the way they presently are. The related phrase ''status quo ante'', literally "the status before", refers to the state of affairs that existed previously. Political usage Via social movements the status quo might be overhauled. These seek to alleviate or prevent a particular issue and often to shape social feeling and cultural expression of a society or nation. The status quo is at least in part rejected by their protagonists – progressives – leading the movement. Advocat ...
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English Canada
Canada comprises that part of the population within Canada, whether of British origin or otherwise, that speaks English. The term ''English Canada'' can also be used for one of the following: #Describing all the provinces of Canada that have an anglophone majority. This is every province except Quebec. When used in this way, ''English Canada'' is often referred to as the "ROC" (Rest of Canada). This type of usage excludes French-speaking areas in English-majority provinces like the East and North of New Brunswick, Northern and Eastern Ontario, Saint-Boniface and the few small pockets of French localities in Western Canada. #When discussing the culture, values and lifestyles of English-speaking Canadians as opposed to those of French-speaking Canadians. This usage is most often employed to compare English- and French-language literature, media, art and institutions. #When discussing the Two Solitudes, in which English Canada (i.e. the anglophones of Canada) is one of t ...
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Quiet Revolution
The Quiet Revolution (french: Révolution tranquille) was a period of intense socio-political and socio-cultural change in French Canada which started in Quebec after the election of 1960, characterized by the effective secularization of government, the creation of a state-run welfare state (''état-providence''), as well as realignment of politics into federalist and sovereigntist (or separatist) factions and the eventual election of a pro-sovereignty provincial government in the 1976 election. The Quiet Revolution typically refers to the efforts made by the Liberal government of Jean Lesage (elected in 1960) and sometimes Robert Bourassa (elected in 1970 after the Union Nationale's Daniel Johnson in 1966), though given the profound effect of the changes, most provincial governments since the early 1960s have maintained an orientation based on core concepts developed and implemented in that era. A primary change was an effort by the provincial government to take more dire ...
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Cultural Assimilation
Cultural assimilation is the process in which a minority group or culture comes to resemble a society's majority group or assume the values, behaviors, and beliefs of another group whether fully or partially. The different types of cultural assimilation include full assimilation and forced assimilation; full assimilation being the most prevalent of the two, as it occurs spontaneously. During cultural assimilation, minority groups are expected to adapt to the everyday practices of the dominant culture through language and appearance as well as via more significant socioeconomic factors such as absorption into the local cultural and employment community. Some types of cultural assimilation resemble acculturation in which a minority group or culture completely assimilates into the dominant culture in which defining characteristics of the minority culture are less obverse or outright disappear; while in other types of cultural assimilation such as cultural integration mostly found i ...
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Modernity
Modernity, a topic in the humanities and social sciences, is both a historical period (the modern era) and the ensemble of particular socio-cultural norm (social), norms, attitudes and practices that arose in the wake of the Renaissancein the "Age of Enlightenment, Age of Reason" of 17th-century thought and the 18th-century "Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment". Some commentators consider the era of modernity to have ended by 1930, with World War II in 1945, or the 1980s or 1990s; the following era is called postmodernity. The term "contemporary history" is also used to refer to the post-1945 timeframe, without assigning it to either the modern or postmodern era. (Thus "modern" may be used as a name of a particular era in the past, as opposed to meaning "the current era".) Depending on the field, "modernity" may refer to different time periods or qualities. In historiography, the 16th to 18th centuries are usually described as early modern, while the long 19th century correspond ...
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Pierre Perrault
Pierre Perrault (29 June 1927 – 24 June 1999) was a Québécois documentary film director. He directed 20 films between 1963 and 1996. He was one of the most important filmmakers in Canada, although largely unknown outside of Québec. In 1994 he was awarded the Prix Albert-Tessier. ''Pour la suite du monde'' (1963), ''The Times That Are (Le Règne du jour)'' (1967), and ''The River Schooners (Les Voitures d'eau)'' (1968) make up his critically acclaimed L'Isle-aux-Coudres Trilogy. His film ''La bête lumineuse'' (1982) screened in the Un Certain Regard section of the 36th Cannes Film Festival. Perrault originally studied law (and practiced for two years), before becoming a radio announcer, poet, filmmaker and dramatist. His first involvement with film was on the ''Au pays neufve France'' series, which was based on his radio program for Radio-Canada. Impact Canadian film historian Peter Morris wrote this about Perrault in his 1984 ''The Film Companion'': "The most famous ...
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Jean Blain
Jean may refer to: People * Jean (female given name) * Jean (male given name) * Jean (surname) Fictional characters * Jean Grey, a Marvel Comics character * Jean Valjean, fictional character in novel ''Les Misérables'' and its adaptations * Jean Pierre Polnareff, a fictional character from ''JoJo's Bizarre Adventure'' Places * Jean, Nevada, USA; a town * Jean, Oregon, USA Entertainment * Jean (dog), a female collie in silent films * "Jean" (song) (1969), by Rod McKuen, also recorded by Oliver * ''Jean Seberg'' (musical), a 1983 musical by Marvin Hamlisch Other uses * JEAN (programming language) * USS ''Jean'' (ID-1308), American cargo ship c. 1918 * Sternwheeler Jean, a 1938 paddleboat of the Willamette River See also *Jehan * * Gene (other) * Jeanne (other) * Jehanne (other) * Jeans (other) * John (other) John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testa ...
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Monique Marchand
Monique is a female given name. It is the French form of the name Monica. The name has enjoyed some popularity in the United States since about 1955, and is less common in other English-speaking countries except for Canada although mostly used by French speakers in Quebec and is rare in the English parts of Canada. Notable people named Monique Acting * Monique Chaumette (born 1927), French actress * Monique Coleman (born 1980), American actress, singer, and dancer * Monique Gabriela Curnen (born 1970), American actress * Monique Gabrielle (born 1963), American actress * Mo'Nique Hicks (born 1967), American actress and comedian * Monique Leyrac (1928-2019), Canadian singer and actress * Monique Mélinand (1916–2012), French actress * Monique Mercure (born 1930), Canadian actress * Monique Mojica, Canadian playwright, director, and actor * Monique Noel (born 1967), American glamour model and actress * Monique van de Ven (born 1952), Dutch actress and film director * Monique H ...
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Maurice Jobin
Maurice may refer to: People *Saint Maurice (died 287), Roman legionary and Christian martyr *Maurice (emperor) or Flavius Mauricius Tiberius Augustus (539–602), Byzantine emperor *Maurice (bishop of London) (died 1107), Lord Chancellor and Lord Keeper of England *Maurice of Carnoet (1117–1191), Breton abbot and saint *Maurice, Count of Oldenburg (fl. 1169–1211) *Maurice of Inchaffray (14th century), Scottish cleric who became a bishop *Maurice, Elector of Saxony (1521–1553), German Saxon nobleman *Maurice, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (1551–1612) *Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange (1567–1625), stadtholder of the Netherlands *Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel or Maurice the Learned (1572–1632) *Maurice of Savoy (1593–1657), prince of Savoy and a cardinal *Maurice, Duke of Saxe-Zeitz (1619–1681) *Maurice of the Palatinate (1620–1652), Count Palatine of the Rhine *Maurice of the Netherlands (1843–1850), prince of Orange-Nassau *Maurice Chevalier (1888–1972), Fre ...
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