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Operation Yiftah
Operation Yiftach ( he, מבצע יפתח, ''Mivtza Yiftah'') was a Palmach offensive carried out between 28 April and 23 May 1948. The objectives were to capture Safed and to secure the eastern Galilee before the British Mandate ended on 14 May 1948. It was carried out by two Palmach battalions commanded by Yigal Allon. Background Operation Yiftach was part of Plan Dalet which aimed at securing the areas allocated to the Jewish state in the UN partition plan before the end of the British Mandate in Palestine. With the ending of the Mandate in sight, British forces had begun to withdraw from less strategic areas such as north-eastern Galilee. In these areas there was a scramble by both sides to occupy abandoned police and military facilities. Local militias and Arab volunteers had taken over the Palestine Police forts in Safed and at Nebi Yusha. On 17 April the Haganah launched an attack on the fort at Nebi Yusha, which failed. A second attack on 20 April resulted in the de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palmach
The Palmach (Hebrew: , acronym for , ''Plugot Maḥatz'', "Strike Companies") was the elite fighting force of the Haganah, the underground army of the Yishuv (Jewish community) during the period of the British Mandate for Palestine. The Palmach was established on 15 May 1941. By the outbreak of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War it consisted of over 2,000 men and women in three fighting brigades and auxiliary aerial, naval and intelligence units. With the creation of Israel's army, the three Palmach Brigades were disbanded. This and political reasons compelled many of the senior Palmach officers to resign in 1950. The Palmach contributed significantly to Israeli culture and ethos, well beyond its military contribution. Its members formed the backbone of the Israel Defense Forces high command for many years, and were prominent in Israeli politics, literature and culture. History The Palmach was established by the Haganah High Command on 14 May 1941. Its aim was to defend the Palestin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaim Herzog
Major-General Chaim Herzog ( he, חיים הרצוג; 17 September 1918 – 17 April 1997) was an Irish-born Israeli politician, general, lawyer and author who served as the sixth President of Israel between 1983 and 1993. Born in Belfast and raised primarily in Dublin, the son of Ireland's Chief Rabbi Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog, he immigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1935 and served in the Haganah Jewish paramilitary group during the 1936–1939 Arab revolt. He returned to Palestine after the war and, following the end of the British Mandate and Israel's Declaration of Independence in 1948, fought in the Battles of Latrun during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. He retired from the Israel Defence Forces in 1962 with the rank of major-general. After leaving the military, Herzog practised law. In 1972 he was a co-founder of Herzog, Fox & Ne'eman, which would become one of Israel's largest law firms. Between 1975 and 1978 he served as Israel's Permanent Representative to the United N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghuraba, Safad
Ghuraba ( ar, غرابة) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1948 War on May 28, 1948, by the Palmach's First Battalion of Operation Yiftach. It was located 22 km northeast of Safad. In 1945 it had a population of 220 Muslims. History British mandate era In the 1931 census of Palestine, during the British Mandate for Palestine, the village had a population of 124 Muslims, in a total of 27 houses.Mills, 1932, p106/ref> By the 1945 statistics the population was 220 Muslims, with a total of 2,933 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p69 Of this, Arabs used 2,928 dunams for plantations and irrigable land, while a total of 47 dunams was non-cultivable area. 1948, aftermath After fighting broke out nearby on 1 May, 1948, many villagers fled. By late June, the Haganah Inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biriyya
Biriyya ( ar, بيريّا) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on May 2, 1948, by The Palmach's First Battalion of Operation Yiftach. It was located northeast of Safad. Today the Israeli moshav of Birya includes the village site. History The village was on a hill 1.5 kilometres northeast of Safad.Khalidi, 1992, p.440 It is believed to have been built on the site of the Roman village of ''Beral'' or ''Bin'', which was later also a Jewish town. Ishtori Haparchi, however, thought the village to have been the ''Beri'' of rabbinic literature. Ottoman era In the 1596 tax record, Biriyya was a village in the nahiya of Jira ( liwa’ of Safad) with a Muslim population of 38 families and 3 bachelors, and a Jewish population of 16 families and 1 bachelor; a total estimated population of 319 persons. The villagers paid taxes on crops such as wheat, barley, and olives and other types of pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ein Al-Zaytun
Ein al-Zeitun, also spelled Ein Zaytun, Ein ez-Zeitun, Ain al-Zaytun or Ain el-Zeitun, was a Palestinian Arab village, located north of Safed in the Upper Galilee. During the early Ottoman period, Ein el-Zeitun had a mixed population of Muslims and Jews. Later, in the 19th century, it became entirely Muslim. The village's small population and land area as well as its proximity to Safad made it a suburb of the city. In 1945, the village had a population of 820 inhabitants and a total land area of 1,100 dunams.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p69/ref> The village was depopulated in 1948, after the Ein al-Zeitun massacre. Location Ein al-Zeitun was located on the western slope of Wadi al-Dilb, next to the highway leading to Safed, north of the city. History Wadi al-Dilb may have been the wadi that Al-Dimashqi (d. 1327) called Wadi Dulayba, which he described as lying between Meiron and Safed. Al-Dimash ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Shuna
Al-Shuna ( ar, الشونة) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict. It was ethnically cleansed and depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on April 30, 1948, by the Palmach's First Battalion of Operation Yiftach. It was located 6 km south of Safad, overlooking the deep gorge of Wadi al-'Amud. History Victor Guérin describes this place in 1875 as "built of white limestone mixed with stones of black basalt in alternate courses. We think that although this custom is common in modern Arab building, it can be shown to have been an ancient usage, so that the building may be old. Round it are the vestiges of a ruined hamlet." In 1881 the PEF's ''Survey of Western Palestine'' found at ''Kŭlảt esh Shûneh'': "A modern Arab building of basaltic stone; used probably as a barn, as the name implies." British Mandate era In the 1922 census of Palestine ''Shuneh'' had a population of 83; all Muslim,Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Didara
Al-Dirdara ( ar, الدردارة ), also known as Mazari ed Daraja, was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on May 1, 1948, under Operation Yiftach. It was located 13 km east of Safad. In 1945 it had a population of 100. History The village was located in the middle of a flat plain overlooking the Hula Valley Plain to the north and south. The villagers cultivated grain, vegetables, citrus, almonds, and figs.Khalidi, 1992, pp. 447-448 In 1944/5 it had a population of 100 Muslims, with a total of 6,361 dunums of land. Of this, 1,623 were used for cereal, 795 were irrigated or used for orchards,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945''. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p120/ref> while 2,025 dunams were classified as non-cultivable land.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tulayl
Tulayl ( ar, تليل) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict located northeast of Safad. It was situated on a hill near Lake Hula. Together with the nearby village of al-Husayniyya, it had a population of 340 in 1945. Tulayl was depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War.Khalidi, 1992, p. 500 History The village was built on the site of the Roman town of Thella. The 1st-century historian, Josephus, mentions the village in his day with reference to the extent of Upper Galilee and which stretched "in length from Meroth to Thella, a village near Jordan." Ottoman era Under the Ottoman Empire, in 1596, Tulayl was a part of the ''nahiya'' ("subdistrict") of Jira, under the administration of Safad Sanjak, with a population of 215, or 36 households and 3 bachelors, all Muslims. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 25% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, bees, and water buffalos; a total of 3,107 Akçe. 1/12 of the revenue went to a Waqf. In 1881, the PEF ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kirad Al-Baqqara
Kirad al-Baqqara ( ar, كراد البقارة) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on April 22, 1948, by the Palmach's First Battalion of Operation Yiftach. It was located 11 km northwest of Safad and Wadi Mushayrifa ran between the two Kirad villages (al-Ghannama and al-Baqqara). History British Mandate era In the British Mandate period, in the 1931 census Arab al-Baqqara had a population of 245 Muslims, in 34 houses.Mills, 1932, p105/ref> By the 1945 statistics the population was 360 Muslims, with a total of 2,262 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, a total of 1,961 dunums were used for cereals; 60 dunums were irrigated or used for plantations, while a 120 dunams were non-cultivable area. 1948, aftermath In April 1948, large part of the population left the village after full-scale hostilities broke out. After the 1948 Pal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kirad Al-Walid
Khiyam al-Walid ( ar, خيام الوليد) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict located northeast of Safad along the Syrian border. It was on situated on a hill above sea level on the eastern edge of the Hula Valley. In 1945, there were 280 predominantly Muslim inhabitants. It was depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War.Khalidi, 1992, p.466. History The name of the village in Arabic is translated as "the tents of al-Walid", which may refer to the Arab Muslim commander Khalid ibn al-Walid (d. 642). According to local tradition, a shrine and the tomb of the sage Shaykh ibn al-Walid was located in the village mosque. British Mandate era In the 1931 census of Palestine the population of Khiyam al-Walid was 181, all Muslims, in a total of 42 houses.Mills, 1932, p107/ref> Khiyam al Walid was classified as a hamlet by the ''Palestine Index Gazeteer''. During the British Mandate period, many of the houses were situated along the road to the nearby village of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kirad Al-Ghannama
Kirad al-Ghannama was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on April 22, 1948, by the Palmach's First Battalion of Operation Yiftach. It was located 11 km northeast of Safad. Wadi Mushayrifa ran between the two Kirad villages (al-Ghannama and al-Baqqara) and Wadi Waqqas supplied the village with its water requirements. The village contained the following khirbas: Khirbat Nijmat al-Subh, Tall al-Qadah, and Tall al-Safa. History By the 1931 census ''Arab Ghannameh'' had 265 Muslims inhabitants, in a total of 54 houses.Mills, 1932, p106/ref> In the 1945 statistics, its population was 350 Muslims, and the total land area were 3,975 dunams. Of this, 77 dunams were for citrus and bananas, 20 dunams were irrigated or used for plantations, 3,451 for cereals,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970 p.119/ref> while 64 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al 'Ulmaniyya
Al-'Ulmaniyya was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on April 20, 1948, by the Palmach's First Battalion of Operation Yiftach. It was located 14.5 km northeast of Safad. History In 1596 it appeared in the Ottoman tax registers, as being in the ''nahiyah'' ("subdistrict") of Jira, part of the '' Liwa'' ("district") of Safad. It had a population of 8 Households and 2 bachelors; an estimated 55 persons, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 25% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, vegetable and fruit garden, orchards, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues and water buffaloes; a total of 2,559 Akçe. All of the revenue went to a Waqf.Khalidi, 1992, p. 501 In 1881, the PEF's ''Survey of Western Palestine'' noted at ''Kh. Almaniyeh'': "A few cattle-sheds and traces of ruins."Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p 235/ref> British Mandate era In t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
