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Operation Draufgänger (Andrijevica)
The Operation Draufgänger (German for "daredevil"; sr, Операција Драуфгенгер/Operacija Draufgenger) was a German Wehrmacht military operation against the Yugoslav Partisans at the Montenegrin-Serbian border area, aimed at breaking the Partisan foothold on the Lim river which was a potential penetration point into Serbia. In turn, it was a Partisan counter-operation, known as the Andrijevica Operation ( sr, Андријевичка операција/Andrijevačka operacija). The operation began on 18 July on the Čakor–Gusinje–Andrijevica–Berane line, when Kampfgruppe E burnt down at least 16 villages and killed several hundreds inhabitants. From different directions, German troops attacked villages and a part approached Andrijevica, pushed out parts of two Partisan brigades, and then took over the town on 19 July and continued attacking. The staffs of the Partisan brigades assessed the combined German forces as inadequate and self-initiatively decided t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II In Yugoslavia
World War II in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia began on 6 April 1941, when the country was swiftly conquered by Axis forces and partitioned between Germany, Italy, Hungary, Bulgaria and their client regimes. Shortly after Germany attacked the USSR on 22 June 1941, the communist-led republican Yugoslav Partisans, on orders from Moscow, launched a guerrilla liberation war fighting against the Axis forces and their locally established Puppet state, puppet regimes, including the Axis-allied Independent State of Croatia (NDH) and the Government of National Salvation in the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia, German-occupied territory of Serbia. This was dubbed the National Liberation War and Socialist Revolution in post-war Yugoslav communist historiography. Simultaneously, a multi-side civil war was waged between the Yugoslav communist Partisans, the Serbian royalist Chetniks, the Axis-allied Croatian Ustaše and Croatian Home Guard (World War II), Home Guard, Serbian Volun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibar (river)
The Ibar ( sr-cyrl, Ибар, ), also known as the Ibër and Ibri ( sq, Ibër, Ibri), is a river that flows through eastern Montenegro, northern Kosovo and central Serbia, with a total length of . The river begins in the Hajla mountain, in Rožaje, eastern Montenegro, and passes through southwestern Serbia and northern Kosovo, where it leads back into Serbia to flow into the West Morava river near Kraljevo, central Serbia. It belongs to the Black Sea drainage basin. Its own drainage area is , with an average discharge of 60 m³/s at the mouth. It is not navigable. Etymology The scholar Ejup Mushoviq theorized that the word derives from the Albanian ''i Bardhë'', meaning "white".' Professor Niko Zupančić has theorized that the word Ibar is related to the Basque word for "river" (''i-ba/r/i''), which is also how the Ebro river in Spain received its name. Other scholars have suggested that the name is derived from Greek, given that the river's ancient name was ''Hiberus''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battles Involving Bulgaria
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and Battle of Stalingrad, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whereas bat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2nd Corps (Yugoslav Partisans)
The 2nd Assault Corps ( sh-Latn, Drugi udarnički korpus) was a Yugoslav Partisan corps that fought against the Germans, Independent State of Croatia (NDH) and Chetniks in occupied Democratic Federal Yugoslavia during World War II. History Formation It was created on 10 October 1943 from the 2nd (Proletarian) and 3rd (Assault) Divisions. Later the 29th (Herzegovina) (Nov. 1943) and 37th (Sandžak) Divisions (Mar. 1944) and the ''Primorje Operational Group'' (Feb. 1944) were added. Commanders Its first commander was Peko Dapčević and political commissar was Mitar Bakić. From the end of July 1944, the commander was Radovan Vukanović. Battles The Corps fought in Montenegro, Sandžak and Herzegovina. 1943-44 In winter 1943-1944 it withstood the German Operation Kugelblitz. During the Andrijevica Operation (summer 1944), it defeated the 21st Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Skanderbeg. Later that year, it participated in the Durmitor Operation and libe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chetnik
The Chetniks ( sh-Cyrl-Latn, Четници, Četnici, ; sl, Četniki), formally the Chetnik Detachments of the Yugoslav Army, and also the Yugoslav Army in the Homeland and the Ravna Gora Movement, was a Yugoslav royalist and Serbian nationalist movement and guerrilla force in Axis-occupied Yugoslavia. Although it was not a homogeneous movement, it was led by Draža Mihailović. While it was anti-Axis in its long-term goals and engaged in marginal resistance activities for limited periods, it also engaged in tactical or selective collaboration with the occupying forces for almost all of the war. The Chetnik movement adopted a policy of collaboration with regard to the Axis, and engaged in cooperation to one degree or another by establishing '' modus vivendi'' or operating as "legalised" auxiliary forces under Axis control. Over a period of time, and in different parts of the country, the movement was progressively drawn into collaboration agreements: first with the puppet Gov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vulnetari
The Vulnetari ("volunteers") were a volunteer militia of Albanians from Kosovo set up in 1941 by Italian forces after the successful invasion of Yugoslavia. They served as an auxiliary force for civilian control and protection of villages. Some of the militia served as frontier guards under both Italian and German rule. The Vulnetari fought only in their own local areas, so they fought against both Partisans and Chetniks, "against whom they showed themselves skilled and determined fighters". The Vulnetari of the region of Đakovica went to Plav and Gusinje to support the Italian counteroffensive during the Uprising in Montenegro. Independently, Vulnetari units often attacked ethnic Serbs and carried out raids against civilian targets. According to Serbian scholars, the Vulnetari burned down hundreds of Serbian and Montenegrin villages, killed many people, and carried out plundering campaigns in Kosovo, and neighboring regions. At the end of World War II, the militia was used t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5th SS Police Regiment
The 5th SS Police Regiment (german: SS-Polizei-Regiment 5) was initially named the 5th Police Regiment (''Polizei-Regiment 5'') when it was formed in 1942 from existing Order Police (''Ordnungspolizei'') units for security duties in Occupied Serbia. It was redesignated as an SS unit in early 1943. The regiment was disbanded at the end of 1944. Formation and organization The regiment was ordered formed in July 1942 in Serbia, but the regimental headquarters was not formed until 29 November.Tessin & Kanapin, p. 617 Police Battalion 64 (''Polizei-Batallion 64'') in Belgrade, Serbia, and Police Battalion 322 in Slovenia were redesignated as the regiment's first and second battalions, respectively, and the third battalion was raised in Berlin, Germany. This battalion was disbanded before it ever left Berlin and it was replaced by the redesignation of the First Battalion of the 3rd Police Regiment (''I./Polizei-Regiment 3'') in January 1943.Arico, pp. 197–98, 484; Tessin & Kanapin, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
181st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
The 181st Infantry Division (German: ''181. Infanterie-Division'') was a German division in World War II. It was formed on 1 December 1939. Orders of Battle 181. Infanterie-Division 1940 *Infanterie-Regiment 334 *Infanterie-Regiment 349 *Infanterie-Regiment 359 *Artillerie-Regiment 222 *Pionier-Battalion 222 *Panzerjäger-Abteilung 222 *Infanterie-Divisions-Nachrichten-Abteilung 222 *Infanterie-Divisions-Nachschubführer 222 181. Infanterie-Division 1943 *Grenadier-Regiment 359 *Grenadier-Regiment 363 *Divisions-Füsilier-Battalion 181 *Artillerie-Regiment 222 *Pionier-Battalion 222 *Panzerjäger-Abteilung 222 *Infanterie-Divisions-Nachrichten-Abteilung 222 *Infanterie-Divisions-Nachschubführer 222 Commanding officers *Generalleutnant Peter Bielfeld, 1 December 1939 – 10 January 1940 *Generalleutnant Kurt Woytasch, 10 January 1940 – 1 March 1942 *Generalleutnant Friedrich Bayer, 1 March 1942 – 24 March 1942 *Generalleutnant Hermann Fischer, 24 Mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SS Polizei-Selbstschutz-Regiment Sandschak
SS-''Polizei Selbstschutz'' Regiment Sandschak (from German; "''SS-Police Self-Protection Regiment Sandžak''", ), also known as the Krempler Legion (, ) was a Schutzstaffel (SS) unit established on the territory of Sandžak by the senior Waffen-SS officer Karl von Krempler in Axis occupied Yugoslavia. He went to the Sandžak region (named after the Ottoman administrative unit ''"Sanjak"'') in October and took over the local volunteer militia of around 5,000 anti-communist, anti-Serb Muslim men headquartered in Sjenica. The SS-police "self-defence" regiment Sandžak was created by joining three battalions of Albanian collaborationist troops with one battalion of the Sandžak Muslim militia. The Germans could not provide uniforms, arms and equipment for more than one battalion of Muslims, so other Muslim fighters remained within units of Muslim militia. This formation was sometimes thereafter called the ''Kampfgruppe Krempler'' or more derisively the ''"Muselmanengruppe von Krem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brandenburgers
The Brandenburgers (german: Brandenburger) were members of the Brandenburg German special forces unit during World War II. Originally, the unit was formed by and operated as an extension of the military's intelligence organ, the ''Abwehr''. Members of this unit took part in seizing operationally important targets by way of sabotage and infiltration. Being foreign German nationals who were convinced Nazi volunteers, constituent members had lived abroad and were proficient in foreign languages as well as being familiar with the way of life in the area of operations where they were deployed. The Brandenburg Division was generally subordinated to the army groups in individual commands and operated throughout Eastern Europe, in northern Africa, Afghanistan, the Middle East and in the Caucasus. In the later course of the war, parts of the special unit were used in ''Bandenbekämpfung'' operations against partisans in Yugoslavia before the division was reclassified and merged into on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen
The 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division "Prinz Eugen" (), initially named the SS-Volunteer Division ''Prinz Eugen'' (''SS-Freiwilligen-Division "Prinz Eugen"''), was a mountain infantry division of the Waffen-SS, an armed branch of the German Nazi Party that served alongside but was never formally part of the Wehrmacht during World War II. At the post-war Nuremberg trials, the Waffen-SS was declared to be a criminal organisation due to its major involvement in war crimes and crimes against humanity. From 1942 to 1945, the division fought a counter-insurgency campaign against communist-led Yugoslav Partisan resistance forces in occupied Yugoslavia. It was formed in 1941 from both Reich Germans and ''Volksdeutsche''ethnic German volunteers and conscripts from the Banat, Independent State of Croatia, Hungary and Romania. The division surrendered on 11 May 1945 to Yugoslav partisan forces. History 1941 After the invasion, occupation and dismantling of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Velika Massacre
The Velika massacre was the mass killing of between 428 and 550 Serb civilians by the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen and 21st Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Skanderbeg on 28 July 1944 in the settlement of Velika, in Plav, Montenegro during World War II. Background Following the invasion of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers in April 1941, the country was partitioned and Montenegro was occupied by Fascist Italy. After the Italian surrender in September 1943, the territory was occupied by German forces which withdrew in December 1944. In parts of Montenegro, Chetniks collaborated with German and Italian forces while in the northern region some local ethnic Albanians and Bosnian Muslims collaborated with Germans, either as part of the Albanian nationalist Balli Kombëtar movement or local Muslim units. In July 1944, the German Wehrmacht conducted Operation Draufgänger against the Serb-led Yugoslav Partisans of the region who had established a firm footh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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