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Online News Act
The ''Online News Act'' (french: Loi sur les nouvelles en ligne), known commonly as Bill C-18, is a Canadian federal statute. Introduced in the 44th Canadian Parliament, passed by the Senate on June 15, 2023, and receiving royal assent on June 22, 2023, the act will implement a framework under which ''digital news intermediaries'' (including search engines and social networking services) that hold an asymmetric position must bargain with online news publishers to compensate them for the act of reproducing or facilitating access to their content via their platforms. Purpose The goal of the law is to enhance the sustainability of the Canadian digital news market by "establish nga framework through which digital news intermediary operators and news businesses may enter into agreements respecting news content that is made available by digital news intermediaries." The bill and its provisions will be enforced under regulations that will be regulated by the Canadian Radio-television ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliament Of Canada
The Parliament of Canada (french: Parlement du Canada) is the federal legislature of Canada, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, and is composed of three parts: the King, the Senate, and the House of Commons. By constitutional convention, the House of Commons is dominant, with the Senate rarely opposing its will. The Senate reviews legislation from a less partisan standpoint and may initiate certain bills. The monarch or his representative, normally the governor general, provides royal assent to make bills into law. The governor general, on behalf of the monarch, summons and appoints the 105 senators on the advice of the prime minister, while each of the 338 members of the House of Commons – called members of Parliament (MPs) – represents an electoral district, commonly referred to as a ''riding'', and are elected by Canadian voters residing in the riding. The governor general also summons and calls together the House of Commons, and may prorogue or dissolve Parliament, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Peoples In Canada
In Canada, Indigenous groups comprise the First Nations, Inuit and Métis. Although ''Indian'' is a term still commonly used in legal documents, the descriptors ''Indian'' and ''Eskimo'' have fallen into disuse in Canada, and most consider them to be pejorative. ''Aboriginal peoples'' as a collective noun is a specific term of art used in some legal documents, including the ''Constitution Act, 1982'', though in most Indigenous circles ''Aboriginal'' has also fallen into disfavour. Old Crow Flats and Bluefish Caves are some of the earliest known sites of human habitation in Canada. The Paleo-Indians, Paleo-Indian Clovis culture, Clovis, Plano cultures, Plano and Pre-Dorset cultures pre-date the current Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Projectile point tools, spears, pottery, bangles, chisels and Scraper (archaeology), scrapers mark archaeological sites, thus distinguishing cultural periods, traditions, and lithic reduction styles. The characteristics of Indigenous culture in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Automated Teller Machine
An automated teller machine (ATM) or cash machine (in British English) is an electronic telecommunications device that enables customers of financial institutions to perform financial transactions, such as cash withdrawals, deposits, funds transfers, balance inquiries or account information inquiries, at any time and without the need for direct interaction with bank staff. ATMs are known by a variety of names, including automatic teller machine (ATM) in the United States (sometimes redundantly as "ATM machine"). In Canada, the term ''automated banking machine'' (ABM) is also used, although ATM is also very commonly used in Canada, with many Canadian organizations using ATM over ABM. In British English, the terms ''cashpoint'', ''cash machine'' and ''hole in the wall'' are most widely used. Other terms include ''any time money'', ''cashline'', ''tyme machine'', ''cash dispenser'', ''cash corner'', ''bankomat'', or ''bancomat''. ATMs that are not operated by a financial i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Big Tech
Big Tech, also known as the Tech Giants, refers to the most dominant companies in the information technology industry, mostly located in the United States. The term also refers to the four or five largest American tech companies, called the Big Four or Big Five, which consists of Alphabet (Google), Amazon, Apple, and Meta (Facebook), with Microsoft completing the Big Five. The tech giants are dominant players in their respective areas of technology: artificial intelligence, e-commerce, online advertising, consumer electronics, cloud computing, computer software, media streaming, smart home, self-driving cars, and social networking. They are among the most valuable public companies, having had a maximum market capitalization from around 1 to above 3 trillion U.S. dollars. In December 2021 and November 2022 respectively, Meta and Amazon fell below their trillion dollar market caps. They are also considered among the most prestigious employers in the world, especially Alphab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Justin Trudeau
Justin Pierre James Trudeau ( , ; born December 25, 1971) is a Canadian politician who is the 23rd and current prime minister of Canada. He has served as the prime minister of Canada since 2015 and as the leader of the Liberal Party since 2013. Trudeau is the second-youngest prime minister in Canadian history after Joe Clark; he is also the first to be the child or other relative of a previous holder of the post, as the eldest son of Pierre Trudeau. Trudeau was born in Ottawa and attended Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf. He graduated from McGill University in 1994 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in literature, then in 1998 acquired a Bachelor of Education degree from the University of British Columbia. After graduating he taught at the secondary school level in Vancouver, before relocating back to Montreal in 2002 to further his studies. He was chair for the youth charity Katimavik and director of the not-for-profit Canadian Avalanche Association. In 2006, he was appointed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Geist
Michael Allen Geist (born July 11, 1968) is a Canadian academic, the Canada Research Chair in Internet and E-Commerce Law at the University of Ottawa and a member of the Centre for Law, Technology and Society. Geist was educated at the University of Western Ontario, Osgoode Hall Law School, where he received his Bachelor of Laws, Cambridge University, where he received a Master of Laws, and Columbia Law School, where he received a Master of Laws and Doctor of Law degree. He has been a visiting professor at universities around the world including the University of Haifa, Hong Kong University, and Tel Aviv University. He is also a senior fellow at the Centre for International Governance Innovation. Geist is the editor of many books including ''Law, Privacy and Surveillance in Canada in the Post-Snowden Era'' (2015, University of Ottawa Press), ''The Copyright Pentalogy: How the Supreme Court of Canada Shook the Foundations of Canadian Copyright Law'' (2013, University of Ottawa P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Ottawa
The University of Ottawa (french: Université d'Ottawa), often referred to as uOttawa or U of O, is a bilingual public research university in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The main campus is located on directly to the northeast of Downtown Ottawa across the Rideau Canal in the Sandy Hill neighbourhood. The University of Ottawa was first established as the College of Bytown in 1848 by the first bishop of the Catholic Archdiocese of Ottawa, Joseph-Bruno Guigues. Placed under the direction of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate, it was renamed the College of Ottawa in 1861 and received university status five years later through a royal charter. On 5 February 1889, the university was granted a pontifical charter by Pope Leo XIII, elevating the institution to a pontifical university. The university was reorganized on July 1, 1965, as a corporation, independent from any outside body or religious organization. As a result, the civil and pontifical charters were kept by the newly created S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Competition Act
The ''Competition Act'' is a Canadian federal law governing competition law in Canada. The Act contains both Criminal law of Canada, criminal and Civil law (common law), civil provisions aimed at preventing anti-competitive practices in the economy of Canada, marketplace. The Act is enforced and administered by the Competition Bureau, and cases are adjudicated by the Competition Tribunal. History The first legislation in Canada dealing with competition was first introduced in 1889. The legislation prohibited conspiracies and agreements by businesses in restraint of trade. Inspired by the American Sherman Antitrust Act, the legislation was mostly incorporated into the Canadian Criminal Code (Canada), Criminal Code two years later. In 1912, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that the purpose of the legislation was protect the public interest in free competition. The provisions remained in the Criminal Code until 1960, when the federal government introduced the Combines Investigati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cartel
A cartel is a group of independent market participants who collude with each other in order to improve their profits and dominate the market. Cartels are usually associations in the same sphere of business, and thus an alliance of rivals. Most jurisdictions consider it anti-competitive behavior and have outlawed such practices. Cartel behavior includes price fixing, bid rigging, and reductions in output. The doctrine in economics that analyzes cartels is cartel theory. Cartels are distinguished from other forms of collusion or anti-competitive organization such as corporate mergers. Etymology The word ''cartel'' comes from the Italian word '' cartello'', which means a "leaf of paper" or "placard", and is itself derived from the Latin ''charta'' meaning "card". The Italian word became ''cartel'' in Middle French, which was borrowed into English. In English, the word was originally used for a written agreement between warring nations to regulate the treatment and exchange of p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copyright Act (Canada)
The ''Copyright Act'' of Canada is the federal statute governing copyright law in Canada. It is jointly administered by the Department of Industry Canada and the Department of Canadian Heritage. The ''Copyright Act'' was first passed in 1921 and substantially amended in 1988 and 1997. Several attempts were made between 2005 and 2011 to amend the ''Act'', but each of the bills (Bill C-60 in 2005, Bill C-61 in 2008, and Bill C-32 in 2010) failed to pass due to political opposition. In 2011, with a majority in the House of Commons, the Conservative Party introduced Bill C-11, titled the ''Copyright Modernization Act''. Bill C-11 was passed and received Royal Assent on June 29, 2012. History 1921 Canadian Copyright Act The first ''Copyright Act'' was passed in 1921 and came into force in 1924. Although Canada was no longer subject to imperial copyright law, the 1921 Act was closely modelled on the UK ''Copyright Act'' of 1911 to comply with the Berne Convention for the Protection of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Toronto Faculty Of Law
The University of Toronto Faculty of Law (U of T Law, UToronto Law) is the law school of the University of Toronto. The Faculty's admissions process is the most selective of law schools in Canada and is one of the most selective in North America. The Faculty has consistently been ranked as the top law school for Common Law in Canada by ''Maclean's'' since it began to publish law school rankings.Maclean's Law School Ranking 2009 Maclean's Law School Ranking 2011 /ref> [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Columbia Journal Of Law & The Arts
The ''Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts'' (JLA) is a quarterly, student-edited law review published at Columbia Law School. The ''Journal'' publishes articles and notes dedicated to in-depth coverage of current legal issues in the art, entertainment, sports, intellectual property, and communications industries. It features contributions by scholars, judges, practitioners, and students. JLA is affiliated with the Kernochan Center for Law, Media, and the Arts and the Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Society at Columbia Law School. Its Board of Advisors includes June M. Besek, Gilbert S. Edelson, Professor Jane C. Ginsburg, Trey Hatch, Morton L. Janklow, Adria G. Kaplan, Philippa Loengard, and David Leichtman. Impact Founded in 1975, the ''Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts'' is devoted to arts, entertainment, and sports law, with 536 journal cites between 2010 and 2017. As of June 2021, the ''Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts'' is the highest-ranking secondary journal at C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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